In the United States, influenza vaccination rates differ greatly by age. For example, during the 2023-2024 flu season, around ** percent of those aged 65 years and older received an influenza vaccination, compared to just ** percent of those aged 18 to 49 years. The CDC recommends that everyone six months and older in the United States should get vaccinated against influenza every year, with a few exceptions. Although influenza is mild for most people, it can lead to hospitalization and even death, especially among the young, the old, and those with certain preexisting conditions. The impact of flu vaccinations Flu vaccinations are safe and effective, preventing thousands of illnesses, medical visits, and deaths every year. However, the effectiveness of flu vaccines varies each year depending on what flu viruses are circulating that season and the age and health status of the person receiving the vaccination. During the 2023-2024 flu season, it was estimated that influenza vaccination prevented almost 64********* hospitalizations among those aged 65 years and older. In addition, flu vaccinations prevented ***** deaths among those aged 65 years and older, as well as *** deaths among children aged six months to four years. The burden of influenza The impact of influenza is different from season to season. However, during the 2023-2024 flu season, there were around ** million cases of influenza in the United States. Furthermore, there were around ****** deaths due to influenza, an increase from the previous year but significantly fewer than in ********** when influenza contributed to ****** deaths. Most of these deaths are among the elderly. In ********* the death rate due to influenza among those aged 65 years and older was around **** per 100,000 population. In comparison, those aged 18 to 49 had an influenza death rate of just *** per 100,000 population.

Monthly Cumulative Number and Percent of Persons Who Received ≥1 Influenza Vaccination Doses, by Flu Season, Age Group, and Jurisdiction

• Influenza vaccination coverage for children and adults is assessed through U.S. jurisdictions’ Immunization Information Systems (IIS) data, submitted from jurisdictions to CDC monthly in aggregate by age group. More information about the IIS can be found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/iis/about.html.

• Influenza vaccination coverage estimate numerators include the number of people receiving at least one dose of influenza vaccine in a given flu season, based on information that state, territorial, and local public health agencies report to CDC. Some jurisdictions’ data may include data submitted by tribes. Estimates include persons who are deceased but received a vaccination during the current season. People receiving doses are attributed to the jurisdiction in which the person resides unless noted otherwise. Quality and completeness of data may vary across jurisdictions. Influenza vaccination coverage denominators are obtained from 2020 U.S. Census Bureau population estimates.

• Monthly estimates shown are cumulative, reflecting all persons vaccinated from July through a given month of that flu season. Cumulative estimates include any historical data reported since the previous submission. National estimates are not presented since not all U.S. jurisdictions are currently reporting their IIS data to CDC. Jurisdictions reporting data to CDC include U.S. states, some localities, and territories.

• Because IIS data contain all vaccinations administered within a jurisdiction rather than a sample, standard errors were not calculated and statistical testing for differences in estimates across years were not performed.

• Laws and policies regarding the submission of vaccination data to an IIS vary by state, which may impact the completeness of vaccination coverage reflected for a jurisdiction. More information on laws and policies are found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/iis/policy-legislation.html.

• Coverage estimates based on IIS data are expected to differ from National Immunization Survey (NIS) estimates for children (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/dashboard/vaccination-coverage-race.html) and adults (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/dashboard/vaccination-adult-coverage.html) because NIS estimates are based on a sample that may not be representative after survey weighting and vaccination status is determined by survey respondent rather than vaccine records or administrations, and quality and completeness of IIS data may vary across jurisdictions. In general, NIS estimates tend to overestimate coverage due to overreporting and IIS estimates may underestimate coverage due to incompleteness of data in certain jurisdictions.

In 2023, around 39 percent of Canadians reported receiving an influenza immunization in the past year. The year 2020 saw the highest share of Canadians receiving an influenza immunization in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased awareness of health and virus transmission that it brought may have motivated more people in Canada to receive a flu vaccination in 2020 than in recent years. Flu vaccinations in Canada The Canadian government recommends that everyone six months and older should get a yearly flu vaccination. The vaccine is safe and effective and is easily accessible in Canada. However, although the flu vaccination is the best defense against catching and spreading the flu, many Canadians still choose not to receive the vaccination. For example, a survey from 2020, found that only around 48 percent of Canadians stated they planned to get an influenza vaccination that year. The same survey also asked U.S. adults about their plans to receive an influenza vaccination that year, with around 53 percent stating they planned on getting one. Deaths from influenza Although influenza may seem like a relatively harmless virus to many, influenza and pneumonia are in fact the 10th leading cause of death in Canada. Older adults and those with preexisting health conditions such as cancer and heart disease are some of the groups most at risk of dying from influenza and pneumonia. In 2021, the death rate for influenza and pneumonia in Canada was about 10.8 per 100,000 population, a decrease from recent years. It is important to remember that when receiving an influenza vaccination, one is not only protecting oneself, but also helping to minimize the chances of other people catching the virus.

Number and percentage of persons who reported having their last influenza immunization in the past 12 months, by age group and sex.

Flu vaccine uptake (percent) in at risk individuals aged 6 months to 65 years (excluding pregnant women), who received the flu vaccination between 1st September to the end of February as recorded in the GP record. The February collection has been adopted for our end of season figures from 2017 to 2018. All previous data is the same definitions but until the end of January rather than February to consider data returning from outside the practice and later in practice vaccinations.RationaleInfluenza (also known as Flu) is a highly infectious viral illness spread by droplet infection. The flu vaccination is offered to people who are at greater risk of developing serious complications if they catch the flu. The seasonal influenza programme for England is set out in the Annual Flu Letter. Both the flu letter and the flu plan have the support of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Chief Pharmaceutical Officer (CPhO), and Director of Nursing.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Immunisation is one of the most effective healthcare interventions available, and flu vaccines can prevent illness and hospital admissions among these groups of people. Increasing the uptake of the flu vaccine among these high-risk groups should also contribute to easing winter pressure on primary care services and hospital admissions. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) will continue to provide expert advice and monitoring of public health, including immunisation. NHS England now has responsibility for commissioning the flu programme, and GPs continue to play a key role. NHS England teams will ensure that robust plans are in place locally and that high vaccination uptake levels are reached in the clinical risk groups. For more information, see the Green Book chapter 19 on Influenza.The Annual Flu Letter sets out the national vaccine uptake ambitions each year. In 2021 to 2022, the national ambition was to achieve at least 85 percent vaccine uptake in those aged 65 and over. Prior to this, the national vaccine uptake ambition was 75 percent, in line with WHO targets.Definition of numeratorNumerator is the number of vaccinations administered during the influenza season between 1st September and the end of February.Definition of denominatorDenominator is the GP registered population on the date of extraction including patients who have been offered the vaccine but refused it, as the uptake rate is measured against the overall eligible population. For more detailed information please see the user guide, available to view and download from https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/vaccine-uptake#seasonal-flu-vaccine-uptakeCaveatsRead codes are primarily used for data collection purposes to extract vaccine uptake data for patients who fall into one or more of the designated clinical risk groups. The codes identify individuals at risk, and therefore eligible for flu vaccination. However, it is important to note that there may be some individuals with conditions not specified in the recommended risk groups for vaccination, who may be offered influenza vaccine by their GP based on clinical judgement and according to advice contained in the flu letter and Green Book, and thus are likely to fall outside the listed Read codes. Therefore, this data should not be used for GP payment purposes.

Overall, the share of individuals getting vaccinated against flu in Italy increased from 1999 to 2022, reaching the lowest point of **** percent during the flu season 1999-2000, and the highest in the season 2020-2021 with the outbreak of COVID-19, when **** percent of the Italian population received a flu shot. During the season 2023-2024, the coverage rate for flu vaccination was **** percent. Even though most Italians do not get vaccinated against influenza every year, a survey conducted in 2022 on the topic of vaccine importance in Italy, revealed that the influenza vaccine was considered important by ** percent of interviewees. Flu vaccination across Italy Coverage rates across the country, were different region to region during the winter of 2023-2024. Liguria was the region with the highest rate of flu vaccination with over ** percent coverage, followed by the regions of Tuscany and Umbria. Conversely, the Autonomous Province of Bolzano had the lowest rate of **** percent. Umbria, was also the Italian region with the highest rate of elderly people who received the flu vaccination, with almost ** percent of people over 65 years receiving the vaccine. Flu vaccination by age group Flu vaccination coverage in Italy during the flu season 2023-2024 varied greatly by age. Coverage was highest among individuals aged 65 years and older, with a rate of **** percent, followed by toddlers and children aged 2-4 years with a vaccination rate of **** percent. These groups are among those recommended by the Italian Ministry of Health to get vaccinated against seasonal flu.

The flu vaccination coverage in Italy during the flu season ********* varied greatly based on the age group. According to the data, around **** percent of individuals aged 65 years and older got vaccinated against the flu. The Italian region with the highest rate of elderly people who received the flu vaccination was Umbria, with almost ** percent of people over 65 years receiving the vaccine. Coverage rates for all other age groups were much lower. For instance, only around **** percent of individuals aged between 45 and 64 years were vaccinated. Overall, **** percent of Italians were vaccinated against the flu in the period under consideration. Flu vaccination among the elderly As shown by this statistic, people over 65 years are the ones who had the highest flu vaccination rate in Italy during the flu season *********. This group is among those recommended by the Italian Ministry of Health to get vaccinated against seasonal flu. Several countries in the OECD have a higher flu vaccination coverage than Italy. For example, in Korea over ** percent of elderly people had received an influenza vaccination in 2021. Vaccination over time Influenza viruses change often and for this reason, the vaccination must be repeated every year. In Italy, the percentage of people getting vaccinated against seasonal flu during the last two decades varied greatly. Especially with the outbreak of COVID-19, in 2020 there was a steep increase in people getting vaccinated against influenza. Indeed, between 2020 and 2021, around **** percent of people received a flu vaccination, while the year before this rate amounted to **** percent.

Chicago residents who are up to date with influenza vaccines by ZIP Code, based on the reported home address and age group of the person vaccinated, as provided by the medical provider in the Illinois Comprehensive Automated Immunization Registry Exchange (I-CARE). “Up to date” refers to individuals aged 6 months and older who have received 1+ doses of influenza vaccine during the current season, defined as the beginning of July (MMWR week 27) through the end of the following June (MMWR week 26). Data Notes: Weekly cumulative totals of people up to date are shown for each combination ZIP Code and age group. Note there are rows where age group is "All ages" so care should be taken when summing rows. Weeks begin on a Sunday and end on a Saturday. Coverage percentages are calculated based on the cumulative number of people in each ZIP Code and age group who are considered up to date as of the week ending date divided by the estimated number of people in that subgroup. Population counts are obtained from the 2020 U.S. Decennial Census. For ZIP Codes mostly outside Chicago, coverage percentages are not calculated because reliable Chicago-only population counts are not available. Actual counts may exceed population estimates and lead to coverage estimates that are greater than 100%, especially in smaller ZIP Codes with smaller populations. Additionally, the medical provider may report a work address or incorrect home address for the person receiving the vaccination, which may lead to over- or underestimation of vaccination coverage by geography. All coverage percentages are capped at 99%. The Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) uses the most complete data available to estimate influenza vaccination coverage among Chicagoans, but there are several limitations that impact our estimates. Influenza vaccine administration is not required to be reported in Illinois, except for publicly funded vaccine (e.g., Vaccines for Children, Section 317). Individuals may receive vaccinations that are not recorded in I-CARE, such as those administered in another state, or those administered by a provider that does not submit data to I-CARE, causing underestimation of the number individuals who received an influenza vaccine for the current season. All data are provisional and subject to change. Information is updated as additional details are received and it is, in fact, very common for recent dates to be incomplete and to be updated as time goes on. At any given time, this dataset reflects data currently known to CDPH. Numbers in this dataset may differ from other public sources due to when data are reported and how City of Chicago boundaries are defined. For all datasets related to influenza, see https://data.cityofchicago.org/browse?limitTo=datasets&sortBy=alpha&tags=flu . Data Source: Illinois Comprehensive Automated Immunization Registry Exchange (I-CARE), U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Decennial Census

The global Cell-based Flu Vaccine market is poised for significant expansion, projected to reach a market size of approximately $2,500 million by 2025, with an estimated Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of around 12% during the forecast period of 2025-2033. This robust growth is primarily fueled by the increasing demand for safer and more efficient vaccine production methods. Traditional egg-based influenza vaccine production, while established, faces limitations in terms of production timelines and potential for antigenic mismatch. Cell-based vaccines, on the other hand, offer faster production cycles, greater flexibility in adapting to emerging viral strains, and a reduced risk of allergic reactions associated with egg proteins, making them an attractive alternative for both manufacturers and consumers. The market is further propelled by growing government initiatives to enhance influenza vaccination coverage and the rising awareness among the general population regarding the benefits of annual flu shots. The prevalence of influenza, coupled with the continuous evolution of viral strains, necessitates a reliable and scalable vaccine supply, which cell-based technologies are well-positioned to provide. The market is segmented by application into adult and children, with both segments demonstrating substantial growth potential. However, the adult segment is likely to hold a larger market share due to higher vaccination rates and a greater perceived risk of severe influenza complications. In terms of types, both Trivalent and Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines are crucial, with quadrivalent vaccines gaining prominence due to their broader protection against circulating strains. Key players like GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, and Pfizer are heavily investing in research and development of advanced cell-based vaccine technologies, driving innovation and market competition. Geographically, North America is anticipated to lead the market, driven by a strong healthcare infrastructure, high disposable incomes, and proactive public health policies. Europe and the Asia Pacific region are also expected to witness considerable growth, owing to increasing healthcare expenditure and a growing emphasis on preventative healthcare measures. Despite the promising outlook, potential restraints include the high initial cost of establishing cell-culture manufacturing facilities and the need for regulatory approvals, which can be time-consuming. Nevertheless, the inherent advantages of cell-based platforms are expected to outweigh these challenges, paving the way for a transformative shift in influenza vaccine production. This report offers an in-depth analysis of the global cell-based flu vaccine market, exploring its current landscape, historical trajectory, and future potential. The study encompasses a detailed examination of market concentration, key trends, regional dominance, product insights, and the driving forces and challenges shaping the industry. Utilizing extensive data spanning from the historical period of 2019-2024, with a base year of 2025 and a forecast period extending to 2033, this report provides actionable intelligence for stakeholders.

Weekly Cumulative Estimated Number of Influenza Vaccinations Administered in Pharmacies and Physician Medical Offices, Adults 18 years and older, United States

• Archived data are here: https://data.cdc.gov/resource/uxgd-cqqc

• CDC is exploring use of data obtained from IQVIA§ (https://www.iqvia.com/) as a source of information on vaccinations administered in retail pharmacies (include chain, mass merchandise, food stores, and independent pharmacies) and physician medical offices.

• These projected pharmacy estimates include flu vaccinations that were billed for (i.e. claims) or paid by cash. Medical office projected estimates are claims-based only.

• The sampled pharmacies and physician medical offices and the captured volume of transactions represent approximately 92% and 82% of influenza vaccines administered nationally, respectively.

• Vaccinations administered in other settings such as workplaces and community settings are not included in these data.

*National estimates for pharmacies and medical offices include vaccinations administered in 50 states and DC. National estimates for medical office vaccinations do not include doses where geographic information (i.e. which state the dose was administered in) was missing. Pharmacy data are through Friday of each week and medical office data are through Saturday of each week. Week ending dates for prior seasons are aligned with the current season’s week ending dates.

§ 1) King, L. M., Bartoces, M., Fleming-Dutra, K. E., et. al, L. A. (2020). Changes in US outpatient antibiotic prescriptions from 2011–2016external icon. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 70(3), 370-377. 2) McLaughlin, J. M., Swerdlow, D. L., Khan, F., et. Al (2019). Disparities in uptake of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among older adults in the United Statesexternal icon. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 15(4), 841-849.

Flu vaccine uptake (%) in school aged children from Reception to Year 6 (age 4 to 11 year olds) between 1st September to the end of January.RationaleInfluenza (also known as Flu) is a highly infectious viral illness spread by droplet infection. The flu vaccination is offered to people who are at greater risk of developing serious complications if they catch the flu. The seasonal influenza programme for England is set out in the Annual Flu Letter. Both the flu letter and the flu plan have the support of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Chief Pharmaceutical Officer (CPhO), and Director of Nursing.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Immunisation is one of the most effective healthcare interventions available, and flu vaccines can prevent illness and hospital admissions among these groups of people. Increasing the uptake of the flu vaccine among these high-risk groups should also contribute to easing winter pressure on primary care services and hospital admissions. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) will continue to provide expert advice and monitoring of public health, including immunisation. NHS England now has responsibility for commissioning the flu programme, and GPs continue to play a key role. NHS England teams will ensure that robust plans are in place locally and that high vaccination uptake levels are reached in the clinical risk groups. For more information, see the Green Book chapter 19 on Influenza.The Annual flu letter sets out the national vaccine uptake ambitions each year. In 2021 to 2022, the national ambition was to achieve at least 70% vaccine uptake in school aged children in Reception to Year 6 (age 4 to 11 years old).Definition of numeratorThe total number of children in the respective eligible age cohort that have received at least one dose of influenza vaccine from 1 September in school, pharmacy, and general practice.Definition of denominatorThe total number of children eligible for influenza vaccination in the LA geography and children educated out of school in the LA geography, defined by child age on 31 AugustCaveatsData for ICBs are estimated from local authority data. In most cases, ICBs are coterminous with local authorities, so the ICB figures are precise. In cases where local authorities cross ICB boundaries, the local authority data are proportionally split between ICBs, based on the population located in each ICB.The affected ICBs are:Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and WiltshireBedfordshire, Luton and Milton KeynesBuckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire WestCambridgeshire and PeterboroughFrimleyHampshire and Isle of WightHertfordshire and West EssexHumber and North YorkshireLancashire and South CumbriaNorfolk and WaveneyNorth East and North CumbriaSuffolk and North East EssexSurrey HeartlandsSussexWest YorkshireRead codes are primarily used for data collection purposes to extract vaccine uptake data for patients who fall into one or more of the designated clinical risk groups. The codes identify individuals at risk and therefore eligible for flu vaccination. However, it is important to note that there may be some individuals with conditions not specified in the recommended risk groups for vaccination, who may be offered influenza vaccine by their GP based on clinical judgement and according to advice contained in the flu letter and Green Book, and thus may fall outside the listed read codes. Therefore, it is important to note that for the reasons mentioned, this data should not be used for GP payment purposes.This collection is regularly submitted for approval from the Data Coordination Board (DCB).

Flu Shots Market Outlook

The flu shots market size is experiencing notable expansion, with the global market valued at approximately $6 billion in 2023. It is projected to reach around $10 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.5%. A key driver fueling this growth is the increasing awareness of the importance of influenza vaccination in preventing seasonal flu outbreaks and related complications. Public health initiatives and growing governmental support, such as vaccination campaigns, are significantly contributing to the market's upward trajectory. Furthermore, technological advancements in vaccine development and distribution methods are playing a crucial role in enhancing accessibility and uptake of flu vaccinations worldwide.

One of the primary growth factors for the flu shots market is the heightened awareness and education regarding the benefits of influenza vaccination. Governments and health organizations are actively engaging in campaigns to educate the public on the risks associated with the flu, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children, and those with chronic health conditions. This has led to an increase in vaccination rates, as people become more conscious of the potential severity of influenza and its complications. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of vaccinations in maintaining public health, which has indirectly boosted the flu shots market as well.

Another significant driver is the continuous evolution and innovation in vaccine technology. The development of quadrivalent vaccines, which protect against four influenza strains, has provided a broader spectrum of protection compared to the traditional trivalent options. These advancements are not only increasing the efficacy of flu shots but also encouraging higher uptake rates. Moreover, the development of cell-based and recombinant flu vaccines has improved the speed and reliability of vaccine production, ensuring timely availability ahead of flu seasons, which is an essential factor in controlling flu outbreaks effectively.

The rising prevalence of chronic diseases and an aging global population are also important contributors to the market's growth. Individuals with chronic health conditions and the elderly are at a higher risk of severe influenza complications, making flu vaccination a critical preventive measure. As a result, healthcare providers and policymakers are emphasizing the need for flu vaccinations within these demographics, further driving market demand. The increasing geriatric population, particularly in regions like North America and Europe, is expected to sustain and augment this demand over the forecast period.

Regionally, the flu shots market exhibits varied dynamics. In North America, robust healthcare infrastructure, high healthcare expenditure, and widespread public health awareness contribute to substantial market share and growth. The region remains a frontrunner in flu vaccination rates and technological advancements. Europe follows closely, benefiting from strong governmental initiatives and policies promoting flu vaccination. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is witnessing rapid growth due to rising healthcare investments, increasing awareness, and a larger target population due to its vast demographic spread. This region is expected to exhibit the highest CAGR over the forecast period, driven by significant improvements in healthcare access and infrastructure.

Vaccine Type Analysis

The flu shots market is segmented by vaccine type into trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines. Trivalent vaccines, historically the cornerstone of influenza prevention, contain antigens for three different strains of the influenza virus: two influenza A strains and one influenza B strain. They have been effective in providing a baseline level of immunity against the most common strains expected in a given flu season. However, their limitation lies in the coverage, as they do not cater to all potential strains circulating in the environment. Despite this, trivalent vaccines still hold a substantial market share, particularly in regions with limited access to newer vaccine formulations or for specific health guidelines.

Quadrivalent vaccines, on the other hand, represent the next step in influenza vaccination technology, offering broader protection. By including an additional B virus strain, quadrivalent vaccines address a larger spectrum of potential influenza outbreaks. This enhanced protection is particularly advantageous during flu seasons with a high prevalence of B strains, which tradit

During the flu season *********, about ** percent of elderly individuals in Italy received a flu vaccination. This statistic highlights regional differences in this figure. According to the data, Umbria was the region with the highest share of over 65-year-old individuals receiving such a vaccination, with **** percent. Conversely, only **** percent of the elderly living in the Sardinia were vaccinated that year. When looking at the regional differences in this matter, considering the overall population, Liguria was still the region with the highest rate of flu vaccination with over ** percent coverage, followed by the regions of Tuscany and Umbria. Vaccination over time In the past two decades, the share of individuals in Italy aged 65 years and older vaccinated against the flu has fluctuated. According to the data, flu coverage for elderly people increased consistently up to the season *********, when it peaked at **** percent, it then decreased considerably until the flu season *********, when it reached **** percent. A similar trend, with lower rates, is observed when looking at the flu vaccination coverage rate of the overall population in Italy. In this case, the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 also corresponded to a steep increase in people getting vaccinated against influenza. Flu vaccination by age Elderly people have a higher chance of developing flu-related complications that might lead to hospitalization and death, and for this reason, they are recommended by the Italian Ministry of Health to get vaccinated against seasonal flu every year. As a matter of fact, during the flu season ********* coverage was highest among individuals aged 65 years and older, children aged *** years followed, with a vaccination rate of **** percent.

Flu Vaccination Market Outlook

The global flu vaccination market size was valued at approximately USD 5.8 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 9.7 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.8% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by increasing awareness about the importance of flu vaccination, advancements in vaccine technology, and supportive government policies. With the evolving healthcare landscape and the rising prevalence of influenza, the flu vaccination market is poised for significant expansion across various regions.

The primary growth factor for the flu vaccination market is the rising awareness regarding the critical role of flu vaccines in preventing seasonal influenza outbreaks. Governments and healthcare organizations worldwide have been actively advocating for increased vaccination coverage, emphasizing the vaccine's effectiveness in reducing flu-related morbidity and mortality. Public health campaigns, educational initiatives, and community outreach programs have collectively contributed to higher vaccination rates, thereby driving market growth.

Another significant factor propelling the market is the advancements in vaccine technology. The development of more effective and safer vaccines, including cell-based and recombinant technologies, has enhanced the efficacy and accessibility of flu vaccines. These innovations have addressed some of the limitations associated with traditional egg-based vaccines, such as longer production times and allergic reactions. As a result, the adoption of advanced flu vaccines is on the rise, further boosting market growth.

Additionally, the growing geriatric population is a crucial factor driving the demand for flu vaccinations. Older adults are more susceptible to severe flu-related complications, making vaccination essential for this age group. The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly, which can exacerbate flu symptoms, has further underscored the importance of flu vaccination. As the global population ages, the demand for flu vaccines is expected to rise, thereby contributing to market expansion.

The emergence of H7N9 Vaccines marks a significant advancement in the fight against avian influenza. These vaccines are specifically designed to combat the H7N9 strain, which has been a concern due to its potential to cause severe respiratory illness in humans. The development of H7N9 vaccines has been accelerated by global health organizations and pharmaceutical companies, aiming to provide effective protection against this particular strain. The introduction of these vaccines is expected to enhance the overall influenza vaccination strategy, offering an additional layer of defense against potential pandemics. As research continues, the integration of H7N9 vaccines into existing flu vaccination programs could further bolster public health efforts, ensuring comprehensive coverage against diverse influenza strains.

On a regional level, North America currently holds a significant share in the flu vaccination market, primarily due to the robust healthcare infrastructure, high awareness levels, and supportive government policies. The region's focus on preventive healthcare measures and the presence of key market players have also played a vital role. However, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period. Factors such as increasing healthcare expenditure, growing awareness, and government initiatives to improve vaccination coverage are driving the market in this region.

Vaccine Type Analysis

The flu vaccination market can be segmented by vaccine type into trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines. Trivalent vaccines, which protect against three strains of the influenza virus, have been the traditional choice for flu prevention. These vaccines have been extensively used and have a well-established track record of efficacy and safety. However, their coverage is limited to two influenza A strains and one influenza B strain, which may not provide comprehensive protection against all circulating strains.

In contrast, quadrivalent vaccines offer broader protection by including an additional influenza B strain. This added coverage is particularly beneficial during seasons when multiple B strains are in circulation. The increased efficacy of quadrivalent vaccines has led to their growing adoption in recent years. Healthcare providers and public health organizations are incre

Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage, by Flu Season and Race/Ethnicity, Pregnant Women 18-49 years

• These monthly flu vaccination coverage estimates for pregnant women are based on electronic health record (EHR) data from the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD), a collaboration between CDC’s Immunization Safety Office and nine integrated health care organizations.§ This system has been used annually to estimate vaccination coverage among pregnant women. COVID-19 vaccination coverage for pregnant women is available here.

• Figure 3A. Monthly Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage*, by Flu Season and Race/Ethnicity, Pregnant Women 18-49 years, United States, Data Source: Vaccine Safety Datalink

• Figure 3B. Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage*, by Month, Flu Season, and Race/Ethnicity, Pregnant Women 18-49 years, United States, Data Source: Vaccine Safety Datalink

• For any month’s coverage estimate, the denominator is the number of women with a pregnancy during the current flu season (defined as August through March) beginning before or during the specified month. The numerator is the subset of the denominator who have received flu vaccination prior to, during, or after pregnancy. The denominator increases as more women are identified as pregnant or having been pregnant during the flu season. Cumulative vaccination coverage for one month may be lower than cumulative coverage for a previous month due to addition to the denominator of women who are less likely to have received vaccination.

Monthly Cumulative Number and Percent of Persons Who Receive ≥1 Influenza Vaccination Doses and Comparison Between 2023-2024 and Two Previous Seasons, by Jurisdiction, United States

• Influenza vaccination coverage for children and adults is assessed through U.S. jurisdictions’ Immunization Information Systems (IIS) data, submitted from jurisdictions to CDC monthly in aggregate by age group. More information about the IIS can be found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/iis/about.html.

• Influenza vaccination coverage estimate numerators include the number of people receiving at least one dose of influenza vaccine in a given flu season, based on information that state, territorial, and local public health agencies report to CDC. Some jurisdictions’ data may include data submitted by tribes. Estimates include persons who are deceased but received a vaccination during the current season. People receiving doses are attributed to the jurisdiction in which the person resides unless noted otherwise. Quality and completeness of data may vary across jurisdictions. Influenza vaccination coverage denominators are obtained from 2020 U.S. Census Bureau population estimates.

• Monthly estimates shown are cumulative, reflecting all persons vaccinated from July through a given month of that flu season. Cumulative estimates include any historical data reported since the previous submission. National estimates are not presented since not all U.S. jurisdictions are currently reporting their IIS data to CDC. Jurisdictions reporting data to CDC include U.S. states, some localities, and territories.

• Because IIS data contain all vaccinations administered within a jurisdiction rather than a sample, standard errors were not calculated and statistical testing for differences in estimates across years were not performed.

• Laws and policies regarding the submission of vaccination data to an IIS vary by state, which may impact the completeness of vaccination coverage reflected for a jurisdiction. More information on laws and policies are found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/iis/policy-legislation.html.

• Coverage estimates based on IIS data are expected to differ from National Immunization Survey (NIS) estimates for children (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/dashboard/vaccination-coverage-race.html)
and adults (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/dashboard/vaccination-adult-coverage.html) because NIS estimates are based on a sample that may not be representative after survey weighting and vaccination status is determined by survey respondent rather than vaccine records or administrations, and quality and completeness of IIS data may vary across jurisdictions. In general, NIS estimates tend to overestimate coverage due to overreporting and IIS estimates may underestimate coverage due to incompleteness of data in certain jurisdictions.

The global flu shots market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing influenza outbreaks, rising awareness of preventative healthcare, and advancements in vaccine technology. The market, valued at approximately $8 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the aging global population, which is more susceptible to influenza complications, significantly contributes to demand. Secondly, government initiatives promoting vaccination campaigns and increased insurance coverage for flu shots are positively impacting market expansion. Thirdly, the ongoing research and development into more effective and convenient flu vaccines, including novel delivery methods, will likely further stimulate market growth. However, factors such as vaccine hesitancy and the unpredictable nature of influenza strains pose challenges to consistent growth. Market segmentation reveals a significant share held by influenza virus subunit vaccines due to their superior safety profile and efficacy compared to whole virus vaccines. Geographically, North America and Europe currently dominate the market, reflecting higher healthcare expenditure and vaccination rates. However, emerging economies in Asia-Pacific are exhibiting rapid growth, driven by increasing disposable incomes and expanding healthcare infrastructure. Competition within the market is intense, with major players like GSK, Sanofi, and several Chinese manufacturers vying for market share through strategic partnerships, product innovation, and expansion into new geographical regions. The forecast period of 2025-2033 promises continued expansion, particularly in regions with growing healthcare awareness and improved access to vaccination services.

Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage Differences by Race/Ethnicity, Children 6 months through 17 years, United States Vaccinations

• Influenza vaccination coverage among children is assessed through the National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) annually, providing weekly influenza vaccination coverage estimates for children 6 months–17 years based upon parental report. (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/nis/about.html)

o NIS-Flu is a national random-digit-dialed cellular telephone survey of households conducted during the flu season (October-June).

• Final estimates for prior seasons and other flu vaccination data are available at CDC’s FluVaxView: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/index.htm.

Influenza Vaccine Market Outlook

In 2023, the global influenza vaccine market size was valued at approximately USD 5.3 billion and is expected to reach USD 8.2 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.9% during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to increasing awareness about the importance of vaccination among the global population, advancements in vaccine technology, and the continuous efforts by governments and healthcare organizations to reduce the burden of influenza-related illnesses and deaths.

The growing awareness and educational campaigns about the importance of influenza vaccination are significant growth factors for the market. Health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have been proactive in promoting yearly flu vaccinations, especially for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with compromised immune systems. These efforts are amplified through various media channels, community outreach programs, and collaborations with healthcare providers, resulting in increased vaccination rates.

Technological advancements in vaccine production are another critical driver of market growth. Innovations such as cell-based and recombinant vaccine production methods have improved the efficiency and speed of vaccine development. These technologies not only enhance the scalability of vaccine production but also contribute to the development of more effective and safer vaccines. For instance, the transition from traditional egg-based methods to cell-based production reduces the dependence on egg supplies and enhances the responsiveness to influenza virus mutations, ensuring a more tailored vaccine formulation each flu season.

Government initiatives and funding play a pivotal role in driving the influenza vaccine market. Numerous governments globally recognize the public health implications of influenza outbreaks and are investing significantly in vaccination programs. Subsidies, grants, and public-private partnerships are common strategies employed to ensure widespread vaccine availability and affordability. Additionally, policies mandating vaccinations for certain groups, such as healthcare workers and school children, further bolster market demand. These governmental measures not only increase vaccine uptake but also drive continuous research and development in the field.

The role of the Flu Vaccine in public health cannot be overstated. Each year, the flu vaccine is reformulated to combat the most prevalent strains of the influenza virus, providing a crucial line of defense against potential outbreaks. This annual update is vital as it helps to reduce the incidence of flu-related complications, hospitalizations, and deaths. The flu vaccine is especially important for high-risk groups, including the elderly, young children, and those with chronic health conditions. By receiving the flu vaccine, individuals not only protect themselves but also contribute to the broader community immunity, reducing the spread of the virus and protecting those who are unable to be vaccinated. The continuous development and distribution of the flu vaccine are essential components of global health strategies aimed at minimizing the impact of seasonal influenza.

Regionally, North America and Europe have historically dominated the influenza vaccine market due to well-established healthcare systems, high awareness, and robust government support. However, Asia Pacific is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period. Factors such as increasing population, rising healthcare expenditure, and improving healthcare infrastructure contribute to this regional surge. Moreover, emerging economies in the region are increasingly investing in healthcare, including vaccination programs, to combat infectious diseases, thereby driving market growth.

Vaccine Type Analysis

The influenza vaccine market is segmented by vaccine type into trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines. Trivalent vaccines, which contain three strains of the influenza virus (two A strains and one B strain), have been the standard for many years. However, quadrivalent vaccines, which include an additional B strain, have gained prominence due to their broader protection. The shift towards quadrivalent vaccines is driven by the need for enhanced efficacy, especially given the unpredictable nature of influenza virus mutations. As a result, manufacturers are

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Influenza Vaccine Market Size 2024-2028

The influenza vaccine market size is forecast to increase by USD 3.76 billion at a CAGR of 8.09% between 2023 and 2028. The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing prevalence and incidence of severe influenza cases, particularly among children. The Global Influenza Program's emphasis on vaccination as a preventative measure is driving market expansion. Combination vaccines, which offer protection against multiple strains of the virus, are gaining popularity due to their convenience and effectiveness. Furthermore, the development of mRNA vaccines, which utilize advanced technology to produce a more potent immune response, is a promising trend in the market. The market for Influenza vaccines encompasses various types, including inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, quadrivalent vaccines, mono vaccine, trivalent vaccines, pnemucoccol vaccine, pediatric vaccines, and adult vaccines. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including the difficulty in diagnosing influenza due to its non-specific symptoms and the need for annual revaccination to maintain immunity. Overall, the market is poised for continued growth as the demand for effective vaccines to prevent the spread of influenza remains high.

Market Analysis

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The market is a significant sector within the global healthcare industry, with a continuous demand due to the seasonal nature of the influenza virus and the ongoing threat of potential pandemics. This market caters to various demographics, including children and adults, through various vaccine types and administration methods. Seasonal influenza vaccines are the primary focus of the market, with two main types: inactivated vaccines and live attenuated vaccines. Inactivated vaccines, also known as flu shots, use killed viruses to stimulate an immune response, while live attenuated vaccines, or nasal sprays, use weakened live viruses.

Furthermore, both types offer protection against the three or four strains of the virus predicted to cause the most significant impact during a season. Quadrivalent vaccines, a more recent addition to the market, protect against an additional B strain, broadening the scope of coverage and potentially reducing the risk of infection. Trivalent vaccines, which protect against three strains, continue to be available and are often used in mass vaccination programs. The pediatric segment of the market is of significant importance due to the vulnerability of children to severe influenza cases. The global influenza program, a collaborative effort between the World Health Organization (WHO) and various national health organizations, plays a crucial role in ensuring the availability of vaccines for children and other at-risk populations.

In addition, combination vaccines, which offer protection against influenza and other diseases, are gaining popularity in the market due to their convenience and potential for reducing the number of vaccinations required. MRNA vaccines, a newer technology, have shown promising results in clinical trials and may become a significant player in the market in the coming years. The market is influenced by several factors, including the severity of seasonal epidemics, the availability and affordability of vaccines, and the public's perception of vaccine efficacy and safety. Hospital and retail pharmacies serve as essential distribution channels for these vaccines, ensuring they reach the end consumer in a timely and convenient manner.

Furthermore, swine flu vaccines, while not a regular component of the seasonal the market, are produced and distributed in response to outbreaks or pandemics. The production and distribution of these vaccines require a rapid response and significant resources, highlighting the importance of a strong global influenza program and the flexibility of vaccine manufacturers. In conclusion, the market is a dynamic and evolving sector within the healthcare industry. With ongoing research and development, the market continues to offer new solutions to protect against the influenza virus, ensuring public health and safety.

Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Distribution Channel

  Hospitals and pharmacies
  Government and institutional
  Others


Type

  Live attenuated influenza vaccines
  Recombinant influenza vaccines


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    UK


  Asia

    China
    India


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Distribution Channel Insights

The hospitals and pharmacies segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.The market in the US is categorized by distribution ch