During the Holocaust, approximately six million Jews were killed. In France, the Jewish population had decreased by ******* individuals between 1939 and 1945. It then increased between the end of World War II and the 1970s, reaching ******* individuals in 1970. However, according to the source, the number of Jews in France has declined by more than 15 percent between that period and 2020, and is now estimated to be *******.

This graphic shows the forecasted number of Christians, Muslims, Jews, Hindus, Buddhists, religiously unaffiliated people, believers in folk religions and in other religions in France in 2022. With almost ** million people identifying themselves as Christians, Christianity was the most represented religion in France. Furthermore, about **** million people considered themselves religiously unaffiliated.

In August 1938, around 17,000 Jews of Polish descent became stranded at the Polish border when German authorities attempted to forcefully expel them from the country. Included among them was the Grynszpan family, who then wrote to their 17 year old son, Herschel, in Paris, asking him to send money. Four days after receiving the letter, on November 7, Herschel went into the German embassy in Paris and shot a diplomat by the name of Ernst vom Rath. Grynszpan was arrested immediately, and when Nazi leadership in Germany learned of the motive behind the attack they began imposing stricter sanctions on Jews. Two days later, vom Rath died of his wounds; when news of this reached Hitler's inner circle, Joseph Goebbels gave a speech heavily implying (but not directly ordering) that a nationwide pogrom should take place immediately. What followed is now considered a major turning point in the Nazi regime's treatment of Jews, and a precursor to the Holocaust. The pogrom Telegrams were then sent to Nazi headquarters and offices across the country, and various police, paramilitary, and Hitler Youth groups were mobilized in the middle of the night to take revenge against the Jewish population. Jewish synagogues, prayer houses, and cemeteries in particular were targeted by rioters, who attacked or burned out over 1,400 places of worship. Emergency services were also slow to put out the fires, usually only doing so if the fire would spread to a non-Jewish property. Of the roughly 9,000 Jewish businesses still operational in 1938, approximately 7,500 were attacked; the smashed windows, displays, and chandeliers from these shops is what gave Kristallnacht ("The Night of Broken Glass") its name. The riots, however, did not just results in damaged property; Jewish homes were broken into and people were beaten, abused, and murdered. Accurate figures for the number of people killed in the riots remain unclear; a figure of 91 deaths was widely-circulated for decades, but later investigations have found that this likely undercounts the total number of murders, and fails to include the hundreds of deaths in the concentration camps or the suicides directly related to the pogroms. Recent estimates suggest that at least 1,300-1,500 Jews died as a result of the pogrom. Aftermath After the riots, approximately 30,000 Jews were arrested and transported to concentration camps; most were freed within months under the pretense that they would leave the country and forfeit most of their wealth to the state, but several hundred still died in prison. The Nazi regime then placed a heavy tax on the Jews, in order to repair the properties damaged during the pogrom; properties that would then be taken by the government and sold to non-Jews. A target for this tax was set at one billion Reichsmarks (RM), despite the damages being valued at just 225 million RM. Public opinion in Germany was generally unfavorable of the pogroms, and Nazi-aligned movements in other countries lost much of their support, but the repercussions for the Nazi regime itself were relatively mild. Kristallnacht marked an escalation in the German authorities' treatment of the Jews, where oppressive restrictions and taxes were compounded with violence, incarceration, and murder.

Jews were the dominant religious group in the Israel-Palestine region at the beginning of the first millennia CE, and are the dominant religious group there today, however, there was a period of almost 2,000 years where most of the world's Jews were displaced from their spiritual homeland. Antiquity to the 20th century Jewish hegemony in the region began changing after a series of revolts against Roman rule led to mass expulsions and emigration. Roman control saw severe persecution of Jewish and Christian populations, but this changed when the Byzantine Empire adopted Christianity as its official religion in the 4th century. Christianity then dominated until the 7th century, when the Rashidun Caliphate (the first to succeed Muhammad) took control of the Levant. Control of region split between Christians and Muslims intermittently between the 11th and 13th centuries during the Crusades, although the population remained overwhelmingly Muslim. Zionism until today Through the Paris Peace Conference, the British took control of Palestine in 1920. The Jewish population began growing through the Zionist Movement after the 1880s, which sought to establish a Jewish state in Palestine. Rising anti-Semitism in Europe accelerated this in the interwar period, and in the aftermath of the Holocaust, many European Jews chose to leave the continent. The United Nations tried facilitating the foundation of separate Jewish and Arab states, yet neither side was willing to concede territory, leading to a civil war and a joint invasion from seven Arab states. Yet the Jews maintained control of their territory and took large parts of the proposed Arab territory, forming the Jewish-majority state of Israel in 1948, and acheiving a ceasefire the following year. Over 750,000 Palestinians were displaced as a result of this conflict, while most Jews from the Arab eventually fled to Israel. Since this time, Israel has become one of the richest and advanced countries in the world, however, Palestine has been under Israeli military occupation since the 1960s and there are large disparities in living standards between the two regions.