This graph illustrates the Muslim population in China as of 2010 and 2020, by ethnicity. Out of the approximately 26 million Muslims living in China by 2020, the majority were Uyghurs, closely followed by Hui with more than 10 million people.

This statistic presents the results of a survey on perceived percentage of the Muslim population in China as of 2018. According to data published by Ipsos, Chinese respondents overestimated the proportion of Muslim population in their country. On average, the respondents thought that around nine out of every 100 people in China were Muslims, when the actual share of Muslim population was around two percent in China.

This graph describes the Muslim population in China as of 2010, broken down by educational level. That year, the majority of the Muslim population had an educational qualification of elementary school or junior middle school, while around four percent of the whole Muslim population held a Bachelor degree or higher.

Population: by Religion: Muslim data was reported at 300.000 Person th in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 300.000 Person th for 2016. Population: by Religion: Muslim data is updated yearly, averaging 90.000 Person th from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2017, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 300.000 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 70.000 Person th in 2004. Population: by Religion: Muslim data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hong Kong Yearbook. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong – Table HK.G011: Population: By Religion.

Officially Taiwan has only 60,000 Muslim population, which constitutes only 0.2 % of the total population of Taiwan but many Muslims from countries like Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Turkey, Pakistan, India, and countries from Africa and the Middle East are part of the workforce which was estimated up to 254,000 in 2015. Interestingly, the number of local Muslims is less than those who came here to work or to study. There are about 7 mosques in Taiwan but it also has many other places where people can perform daily prayers.

Based on data from various sources, there were around nearly 10,000 mosques in China's Kashgar region. Kashgar is part of China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and ranks first in terms of mosques in Xinjiang. The city Kashgar is the westernmost city in China.

According to the Canadian government, since 2017, evidence and reports have continued to point to human rights violations committed by Chinese authorities against Uyghurs and other Muslim ethnic minorities in the Xinjiang region, on the basis of their religion and ethnicity. In February 2021, the Canadian government passed a motion calling China's treatment of its Uyghur minority a genocide.

In terms of public opinion, many Canadians (69 percent) supported the idea of speeding up the processing of refugee claims for Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities in China. Only 12 percent were completely against it.

1030 mosques founded from Tang period onwards as listed in "Zhongguo Qingzhensi Zonglan" (Wu Jianwei, 1995)

Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency of lactating women in China.

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Halal Food Market Size 2025-2029

The halal food market size is forecast to increase by USD 355 billion, at a CAGR of 3.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The market exhibits significant growth, driven by increasing consumer expenditure on halal food and the expansion of the organized retail sector. However, challenges persist, including the threat of counterfeit halal food and food scams. This trend is particularly relevant to various sectors such as dairy food, pork-free alternatives, cosmetic products, waxes, seafood, fruits and vegetables, and confectionery. Consumers' growing awareness and demand for authentic halal products necessitate stringent regulations and certification processes. This market analysis report provides a comprehensive evaluation of these factors and their impact on the halal food industry.

What will be the Size of the Halal Food Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market, a significant segment of the global food industry, caters to consumers adhering to Islamic dietary laws. These laws prohibit the consumption of pork and alcohol, as well as foods contaminated with non-permissible substances. The market's growth is driven by the increasing global Muslim population and the rising demand for certified Halal products. Halal certification, ensuring compliance with Islamic law, is a critical factor influencing consumer purchasing decisions. Manufacturers produce a diverse range of products, including fruits and vegetables, dairy products, cereals and grains, confectionery, and meat. 
Traditional retailers, supermarkets and hypermarkets, and online retailers play crucial roles in the food supply chain, catering to the evolving preferences of Muslim buyers. The industry encompasses various sectors, including meat sales and grocery stores. Innovation continues to shape the market, with the introduction of plant-based alternatives, such as sunflower protein burgers, gaining popularity among consumers seeking ethical and sustainable food options. The market's future direction reflects the ongoing trend towards cleanliness, transparency, and convenience, as well as the growing demand for Halal-certified products in various food categories.

How is this Halal Food Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Product

  Halal MPS
  Halal BCC
  Halal FVN
  Halal beverages
  Others


Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Type

  Organic
  Inorganic


Geography

  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  Middle East and Africa

    South Africa
    Egypt
    Nigeria


  Europe



  South America



  North America

By Product Insights

The halal MPS segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market encompasses a range of food products that adhere to Islamic dietary laws, primarily consisting of beef, lamb, goat, chicken, Turkey, and fish. This market can be segmented into fresh halal meat, poultry, and seafood (MPS); minimally processed halal MPS; and heavily processed halal MPS. Minimally processed halal MPS products maintain their natural characteristics, free from artificial additives or color. Heavily processed halal MPS include halal sausages, salami, corned beef, canned meat, poultry, and seafood, and frozen meat, poultry, and seafood. Halal certification ensures compliance with Islamic law, prohibiting the consumption of pork, alcohol, and non-permissible foods. Food manufacturers prioritize cleanliness, impurities, quality, and taste level to cater to Muslim buyers.

Halal certification is essential for meat, poultry, and seafood, as well as dairy products, cereals and grains, confectionery, and traditional retailers. Supermarkets and hypermarkets, online retailers, and food supply chain players offer a wide range of halal-certified products. Halal cuisine is a significant part of religious identity, emphasizing meals safety, hygiene, reliability, and nutritional benefits. Products include own-brand halal-ready meals, chicken arrabbiata, chicken hotpot, chicken jalfrezi, and chicken tikka masala, as well as meat and plant-based alternatives, such as sunflower protein, fava beans, and peas.

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The halal MPS segment was valued at USD 414.60 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute 51% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

For more insights on the market size o

In 2020, Indonesia recorded the largest population of Muslims worldwide, with around 239 million. This was followed with around 226.88 million Muslims in Pakistan and 213 million Muslims in India.

The origin and diversification of Muslim Hui people in China via demic or simple cultural diffusion is a long-going debate. We here generated genome-wide data at nearly 700,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 45 Hui and 14 Han Chinese individuals collected from Guizhou province in southwest China. We applied principal component analysis (PCA), ADMIXTURE, f-statistics, qpWave, and qpAdm analysis to infer the population genetic structure and admixture history. Our results revealed the Guizhou Hui people have a limited amount of West Eurasian related ancestry at a proportion of 6%, but show massive genetic assimilation with indigenous southern Han Chinese and Tibetan or Tungusic/Mongolic related northern East Asians. We also detected a high frequency of North Asia or Central Asia related paternal Y-chromosome but not maternal mtDNA lineages in Guizhou Hui. Our observation supports the cultural diffusion has played a vital role in the formation of Hui people and the migration of Hui people to southwest China was probably a sex-biased male-driven process.

While Chinese ethnic minorities are commonly viewed as possessing different political attitudes and patterns of political behavior from the Han majority, how exactly they engage in political participation and why has not been well studied. This investigation attempts to unpack ethnic political participation in China both theoretically and empirically. By analyzing the political behavior of Muslim minorities, as represented mainly by the Uyghur and the Hui, and comparing their behavior with that of the Han, I argue that risk perception plays a crucial role in shaping individuals’ attitudes toward political participation, their actual level of political activism, and their preference for modes of participation. Specifically, I exploit a large-scale survey and two survey experiments to show that the Uyghurs are embedded in a risk- minimization equilibrium in which political participation is perceived as a highly risky act rather than an effective tool to articulate political interests. As a result, they engage in political participation less often than the Han or the Hui, and when they do participate, they prefer indirect, individual, and formal modes. The Han and the Hui, on the other hand, perceive political participation as a low-cost, high-benefit means of meeting their political and social demands. As such, they are more willing to engage in politics and when they engage, they tend to prefer direct, collective, and informal channels as they are generally more effective in stimulating government response and policy changes. Finally, I identify a channel that alters the Uyghurs’ cost-benefit calculation for political participation. Once they are exposed to materials of national propaganda, they develop a salient national identity and a strong sense of duty both for the Chinese nation and the community in which they live, leading to more active political participation and bolder pursuit of their interest.

Chine: Shia Muslims as percent of the total population: Pour cet indicateur, The Cline Center for Democracy fournit des données pour la Chine de à . La valeur moyenne pour Chine pendant cette période était de pour cent avec un minimum de pour cent en et un maximum de pour cent en .

Serum 25(OH)D concentration and deficient prevalence of lactating women1.

The global Halal Hot Pot Seasoning market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing popularity of hot pot cuisine worldwide and the expanding global Muslim population. This burgeoning demand for Halal-certified food products, coupled with the convenience and flavor profile of pre-packaged seasonings, fuels market expansion. The market's segmentation reveals a significant portion attributed to online sales channels, reflecting the increasing adoption of e-commerce for food purchases. Solid seasonings currently dominate the product type segment, but liquid and other innovative formats are emerging, catering to diverse consumer preferences and culinary applications. Key players in the market, such as Sichuan Teway Food and Zhong Mu (Chongqing) Food, are strategically focusing on product diversification and expanding their distribution networks to capitalize on this growth. Regional analysis indicates strong performance in Asia Pacific, particularly in China and other ASEAN countries, due to high consumption of hot pot and a substantial Muslim population. However, growth in North America and Europe is expected to increase as awareness of Halal products rises and culinary trends evolve. While challenges exist in maintaining consistent supply chains and managing fluctuating raw material prices, the overall market outlook remains positive, promising substantial growth over the forecast period. The projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for the Halal Hot Pot Seasoning market suggests a steady increase in market value. This growth trajectory is anticipated to be sustained by the ongoing expansion of the Halal food sector, continuous innovation in seasoning formulations, and the broader global adoption of hot pot as a culinary preference. Further, strategic marketing campaigns focusing on convenience, flavor profiles, and Halal certification will play a crucial role in driving market penetration, particularly in regions with growing Muslim populations but limited awareness of Halal hot pot seasonings. Competition amongst existing players is expected to intensify, leading to product innovation, price optimization strategies, and an increased emphasis on brand building and customer loyalty. Geographical diversification by major players will continue to be a key strategy for maximizing revenue streams and mitigating regional market risks. The introduction of novel seasoning blends, incorporating diverse flavor profiles and catering to specific dietary requirements, presents a significant opportunity for market expansion and differentiation.

The Asia-Pacific (APAC) Halal food and beverage market, valued at approximately $XX million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.50% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. The burgeoning Muslim population in the region, coupled with increasing disposable incomes and a rising preference for healthier and ethically sourced food products, are significantly bolstering market demand. Furthermore, the increasing awareness of Halal certification and its implications for quality and authenticity is driving consumer trust and adoption. Growing tourism and international trade within the APAC region also contribute to market growth by expanding the market reach of Halal products beyond national borders. Specific product categories like Halal meat products, bakery items, and confectionery are expected to see particularly strong growth, driven by rising consumption trends and product innovation. The retail landscape is also evolving, with supermarkets and hypermarkets remaining dominant distribution channels, but online channels and specialized Halal stores are steadily gaining traction, offering new avenues for market penetration. Challenges remain, such as ensuring consistent quality control and addressing supply chain complexities to meet the growing demand. Despite the strong growth potential, the APAC Halal food and beverage market faces certain restraints. Maintaining stringent Halal certification standards across the vast and diverse supply chain presents a significant operational challenge. Ensuring transparency and traceability in the production process is crucial to maintain consumer trust and prevent potential scandals. Furthermore, price competitiveness with non-Halal alternatives, and addressing varying cultural preferences and dietary habits across different APAC nations, requires strategic market segmentation and targeted product development. Competition within the market is also intense, with both established multinational corporations and smaller regional players vying for market share. Overcoming these challenges will be key for companies to capitalize fully on the significant growth opportunities within this dynamic and expanding market. Successful players will need to invest heavily in supply chain management, quality control, and effective marketing strategies tailored to the diverse consumer base in the APAC region. Notable trends are: Increasing Demand for Halal Meat Products.

The body of work was created by the professional photographer James Sebright in 2017, during an ESRC/AHRC-funded research project entitled ‘Cham Centuries' on Cham resident in Malaysia, Vietnam and the island of Hainan in the People’s Republic of China. As well as supporting academics’ anthropological research on the project, the photographs are a research object in their own right. In representing the photographer’s artistic vision, they reflect the sensibility of a white, British, male photographer born in 1970, and the language of othering that pervades the social sciences. Therefore, they offer a useful basis for critically analysing ethnonational categories and exploring alternative interpretive approaches that seek to transcend the stark dichotomy of ‘us’ and ‘them’. Rather than being under a researcher’s direction, the photographer James Sebright pursued his own artistic vision. This resulted in two co-curated exhibitions, held in Durham and Kuala Lumpur, and also Sebright’s solo photographic exhibition entitled Homelands, which ran from 1st February – 16th September 2019 at Durham University’s Oriental Museum.

This project will investigate Cham Muslims who live across Southeast Asia, speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and exemplify the global and protracted nature of forced displacement. Between the 7th and 15th centuries the Cham occupied coastal plains and mountain zones in today's central and southern Vietnam. They never formed a unified kingdom but rather "a cultural-political space"; built around fishermen, shipbuilders, pirates, traders and transregional trade (Taylor 1992: 153). From the 17th century the Cham became part of the Viet polity through gradual and often violent southward expansion and colonization that forced them to take refuge in the neighbouring polities with which they had long interacted. The painful memory of their ancestors' flight to Hainan from Vietnam is still alive among the Cham, who in China are classified as Muslim (Hui). In the 1970s, Cham from the Mekong Delta were among the many persecuted groups during Cambodia's murderous Khmer Rouge regime; thousands fled as refugees to Malaysia and as far as the United States, France, Australia and Canada. Today, both in Vietnam and China the Cham are officially recognized as ethnic groups, but remain economically and culturally marginalized compared to the dominant Kinh (ethnic Vietnamese) or Han (dominant Chinese). Although in Malaysia they could not fully escape poverty, the state constitution recognizes Cham rights to Malaysian citizenship and their Bumiputera status. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and museum representations across three countries on the ODA list-China, Vietnam and Malaysia-the proposed project will offer first hand insights into the multiple social and economic inequalities arising from the lasting repercussions of repeated historical displacements that continue to mark the Cham out as marginal, even centuries on. Focusing on the historically fluid cultural and political identities of those engaged in the South China Sea (SCS) region, we seek to illuminate how perceived ethnic and religious commonalities and differences are interwoven with legislation and domestic discourses in 'host countries' and how they might facilitate or constrain the integration of vulnerable and displaced groups like the Cham. The Cham have been inscribed into the present day nation-state order premised on homogeneous, bounded space that replaced pre-modern, unbounded understandings of space and territory. The proposed research is innovative in focusing on sea/land and translocal, transregional connections beyond the administrative boundaries and histories that are usually framed in nation-state terms, both politically and in scholarly analysis (methodological nationalism). The project's first objective is to critically examine how official discourse and ethnic categorization essentialise the ethnic minorities within the nation-state. The second objective is to trace how they sustain their centuries-old mobility, including political, religious and trade activities that straddle and transgress nation-state borders. The third objective explores how the connection to the global Islamic community spurs the Cham on to (re)define their ethnic, religious and national belongings. Finally, the fourth objective is to chart how the Cham history and mobile way of life is represented and/or silenced in Malaysian, Vietnamese and Chinese museums. At the intersection of anthropology, history, political science and museum studies, this project will play a vital role in building dialogue and knowledge exchange with museum curators and educators around the issue of ethnic and national representation. It will offer a fresh perspective on other displaced groups, such as Muslim Rohingya persecuted in Myanmar who - contrary to Cham - do not enjoy the same rights to Malay citizenship, thereby deepening and diversifying our understanding of...

As of July 2024, 70.4 percent of the Malaysian population were classified as Bumiputera, 22.4 percent were classified as ethnic Chinese, and 6.5 percent as ethnic Indians. Those who do not fall under these three main ethnic groups are classified as ‘Other’. Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society with three main ethnicities and language groups. Who are Malaysia’s Bumiputera? Bumiputera, meaning sons of the soil, is a term used to categorize the Malays, as well as the indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia, also known as orang asli, and the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak. As of July 2023, the Bumiputera share of the population in Sabah was 89 percent, while that in Sarawak was 76.1 percent. Thus, the incorporation of the states of Sabah and Sarawak during the formation of Malaysia ensured that the ethnic Malays were able to maintain a majority share of the Malaysian population. Bumiputera privileges and ethnic-based politics The rights and privileges of the Malays and the natives of Sabah and Sarawak are enshrined in Article 153 of Malaysia’s constitution. This translated, in practice, to a policy of affirmative action to improve the economic situation of this particular group, through the New Economic Policy introduced in 1971. 50 years on, it is questionable whether the policy has achieved its aim. Bumiputeras still lag behind the other ethnic two major groups in terms of monthly household income. However, re-thinking this policy will certainly be met by opposition from those who have benefitted from it.

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Liu, Shuo, Hou, Mian, Rao, Dingqi, Li, Song (2023): First record of Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan & Sumida, 2012 (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from China. Herpetozoa 36: 31-39, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e98669, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e98669