In the academic year of 2022/23, there were approximately ******* individuals 3- to 21-years-old with autism in the United States who were covered by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This is an increase from the previous year, when ******* individuals with autism were covered under IDEA.

In 2023, ********** of surveyed Americans believed that autistic people are discriminated against at least to a fair amount in the United States. On the other hand, fewer than *** percent felt autistic people experience no discrimination.

Abstract Our article aims to identify managers’ perceptions and actions for inclusion of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in organizations that employ these professionals in Brazil. The number of people diagnosed with autism in the US has increased, according to 2021 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In comparison with the USA, from the transposition of the data, Brazil counts a number close to 4.48 million of autistic people (Paiva, 2021) in 2021. Most Brazilian organizations do not offer minimum conditions for the inclusion of these professionals (Leopoldino, 2018), and the topic is still scarce in the international and national academic literature, especially empirically. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with six executives from national and foreign companies that hire professionals with ASD. Through thematic analysis, managers’ perceptions of these professionals and the inclusion actions adopted by them were identified. The results indicate that the perceptions of managers are based on stereotypes but these end up changing as they live with professionals with ASD. Regarding actions for inclusion, the importance of a culture of inclusion was identified, as well as the monitoring of professionals with ASD by intermediaries at all stages of their careers and the attention of those involved with their health. The results provide useful findings for organizations that promote diversity and show that actions for the inclusion of people with ASD are still incipient in our country.

This statistic shows the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 3 to 17 years in the U.S. from 2016 to 2019, by gender. In that period, around 4.8 percent of male children and 1.3 percent of female children had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at some point in their life.

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among children aged eight years in the state Georgia was estimated to be around **** per 1,000 children. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. Autism spectrum disorder in childrenAmong 14 U.S. states with areas that were monitored for autism spectrum disorder in 2022, California had the highest prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children aged eight years. In 2022, California’s prevalence rate was estimated to be **** cases per 1,000 children, while the rate was about **** cases per 1,000 children in Indiana. ASD is more common among male than female children, with an estimated ** male cases per 1,000 children and ** female cases per 1,000 children in California in 2022. Limitations in a child with autism can vary between individuals and develop over time. In California, the median age of diagnosis among children with an ASD diagnosis with an IQ greater than 70 was ********* of age, in comparison to ********* for children with an ASD diagnosis and an IQ less than or equal to 70, indicating a co-occurring intellectual disability. The prevalence of ASD has increased significantly since the late 1960s by about ** to ** times. Many studies suggest that this is due to improved awareness and recognition, as well as diagnostic capabilities. Autism is likely caused by a combination of genetics and environmental factors, where people with ASD may have abnormal levels of brain serotonin, which could disrupt early brain development.

Snapshot img

Autism Spectrum Disorder Market Size 2025-2029

The autism spectrum disorder market size is forecast to increase by USD 3.44 billion at a CAGR of 7.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key factors. One of the primary drivers is the increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which has led to a higher demand for medications used to manage its symptoms. Focalin, Vyvanse, Ritalin, and other stimulant medications are commonly prescribed to help manage attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms, while Abilify and Risperdal are often used to treat irritability and behavioral issues. For instance, artificial intelligence (AI)-based devices can help diagnose ASD by analyzing speech patterns and facial expressions.
Retail pharmacies and hospital pharmacies play crucial roles in the distribution of these medications. Partnerships and collaborations between healthcare providers, pharmacies, and manufacturers are also on the rise to improve access and patient care. However, a lack of awareness about ASD and its associated challenges can hinder market growth. Despite these challenges, the market is expected to continue expanding due to the increasing number of diagnoses and the ongoing development of new treatments.

What will be Autism Spectrum Disorder Market Size During the Forecast Period?

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Neurodevelopmental disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Development Disorder (PDD), and related conditions, pose significant challenges for individuals and their families. These disorders are characterized by communication deficits and social interaction difficulties. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1 in 54 children in the US have been identified with ASD. The diagnosis and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly ASD, have gained increasing attention in the health care sector. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to improve outcomes for individuals with ASD. Several treatment options are available, including Behavioral therapy, applied behavior analysis, medication, and early intervention programs. Behavioral therapy and applied behavior analysis are evidence-based interventions that have shown significant improvements in the development of social and communication skills in children with ASD. These therapies aim to teach new skills and modify existing ones through positive reinforcement and systematic instruction. The diagnostic process for neurodevelopmental disorders involves a comprehensive evaluation by healthcare professionals. Early diagnosis is essential to ensure timely intervention and improve long-term outcomes. However, the diagnostic process can be complex and time-consuming, requiring multiple assessments and consultations.
Advancements in biotechnology have led to the development of innovative devices and technologies to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. For instance, artificial intelligence (AI)-based devices can help diagnose ASD by analyzing speech patterns and facial expressions. Additionally, rare cannabinoids have shown promise in reducing symptoms associated with ASD. The treatment market for neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD, is expected to grow due to the increasing awareness and availability of treatment options. According to a report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), health care expenditures for children with ASD are approximately USD6,000 higher than those without ASD. Therapeutic medicines, such as Vraylar (cariprazine) and Rexulti (brexpiprazole), have shown efficacy in treating symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD. Clinical trials are ongoing to further evaluate the safety and effectiveness of these medications. Health care facilities play a critical role in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. These facilities offer a range of services, including diagnostic evaluations, therapy sessions, and support groups. The demand for these services is expected to increase as more individuals are diagnosed and seek treatment. In conclusion, the market for neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly ASD, is growing due to the increasing awareness and availability of treatment options.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Non-pharmacological therapies
  Pharmacological therapies


Age Group

  Pediatric
  Adult


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Italy


  Asia

    China
    India
    Ja

National Database for Autism Research (NDAR) is an extensible, scalable informatics platform for autism spectrum disorder-relevant data at all levels of biological and behavioral organization (molecules, genes, neural tissue, behavioral, social and environmental interactions) and for all data types (text, numeric, image, time series, etc.). NDAR was developed to share data across the entire ASD field and to facilitate collaboration across laboratories, as well as interconnectivity with other informatics platforms. NDAR Homepage: http://ndar.nih.gov/

Snapshot img

Autism Spectrum Disorder Therapeutics Market Size 2025-2029

The autism spectrum disorder therapeutics market size is valued to increase USD 825.9 million, at a CAGR of 6.9% from 2024 to 2029. Increasing prevalence of ASD will drive the autism spectrum disorder therapeutics market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

North America dominated the market and accounted for a 39% growth during the forecast period.
By Distribution Channel - Retail pharmacy segment was valued at USD 925.20 million in 2023
By Type - Stimulants segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: 74.13 million
Market Future Opportunities: USD 825.90 million 
CAGR : 6.9%
North America: Largest market in 2023

Market Summary

The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Therapeutics Market encompasses a continually evolving landscape of core technologies and applications, service types, and regulatory frameworks. With the increasing prevalence of ASD, estimated to affect approximately 1 in 54 children in the United States, there is a growing interest in personalized medicine for its treatment. This market is driven by the unmet medical needs of individuals with ASD, as well as the potential for significant market growth. However, stringent regulations on ASD therapeutics and treatments pose challenges, with regulatory approval processes requiring extensive clinical trials and safety assessments.
Looking ahead, the next five years are expected to bring significant advancements in this field, with emerging technologies such as gene therapy and neurostimulation showing promise. Additionally, related markets such as the neuropharmaceuticals and assistive technologies sectors are closely watching developments in the ASD Therapeutics Market.

What will be the Size of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Therapeutics Market during the forecast period?

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How is the Autism Spectrum Disorder Therapeutics Market Segmented and what are the key trends of market segmentation?

The autism spectrum disorder therapeutics industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Distribution Channel

  Retail pharmacy
  Hospital pharmacy
  Online pharmacy


Type

  Stimulants
  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  Antipsychotic drugs
  Sleep medications
  Others


Application

  Autistic disorder
  Asperger syndrome
  Pervasive developmental disorder
  Others


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    Spain
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Distribution Channel Insights

The retail pharmacy segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The global market for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) therapeutics is experiencing significant expansion, fueled by increasing awareness and innovative treatment approaches. According to recent reports, approximately 2.21% of children and 1 in every 54 adults are diagnosed with ASD, leading to a substantial demand for effective interventions. Pharmaceutical companies and retail pharmacies are at the forefront of this market, offering a range of solutions. Prescription medications, such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, and stimulants, are commonly used to manage symptoms. Retail pharmacies also stock over-the-counter (OTC) supplements and alternative therapies. The therapeutic landscape is evolving, with promising developments in the pipeline.

For instance, Curemark's CM-AT formulation, a biological drug targeting enzyme deficiencies, represents a novel approach beyond traditional symptom management. Behavioral therapies, including social skills training, applied behavior analysis, and cognitive remediation, continue to be essential components of ASD treatment. Moreover, early intervention programs focusing on speech therapy, sensory integration therapy, and occupational therapy are crucial for improving long-term outcomes. Neuropsychological assessments and neuroimaging techniques, such as functional connectivity and brain imaging, help in diagnosing and understanding the condition better. Pharmacokinetic properties, medication side effects, and synaptic plasticity are critical factors influencing therapeutic efficacy. Parent training, neurotransmitter modulation, and personalized medicine are emerging trends in ASD treatment.

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The Retail pharmacy segment was valued at USD 925.20 million in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Executive function deficits, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests are among the primary challenges addressed by these in

• The global industry was valued at US$ 1.6 Bn in 2023
• It is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.2% from 2024 to 2034 and reach US$ 2.9 Bn by the end of 2034

Market Introduction

Regional Outlook

Autism Spectrum Disorder Treatment Market Snapshot

Background: Whilst cannabis is known to be toxic to brain function and brain development in many respects it is not known if its increasing availability is associated with the rising US autism rates, whether this contribution is sufficient to effect overall trends and if its effects persist after controlling for other major covariates.

Methods: Longitudinal epidemiological study using national autism census data from the US Department of Education Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) 1991-2011 and nationally representative drug exposure (cigarettes, alcohol, analgesic, and cocaine abuse, and cannabis use monthly, daily and in pregnancy) datasets from National Survey of Drug Use and Health and US Census (income and ethnicity) and CDC Wonder population and birth data. Geotemporospatial and causal inference analysis conducted in R.

Results: 266,950 autistic of a population of 40,119,464 eight year olds 1994-2011. At the national level after adjustment daily cannabis use was significantly related (β-estimate=4.37 (95%C.I. 4.06-4.68), P<2.2x10-16) as was cannabis exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy (β-estimate=0.12 (0.08-0.16), P=1.7x10-12). At the state level following adjustment cannabis use was significant (from β-estimate=8.41 (3.08-13.74), P=0.002); after adjustment for varying cannabis exposure by ethnicity and other covariates (from β-estimate=10.88 (5.97-15.79), P=1.4x10-5). Cannabigerol (from β-estimate=-13.77 (-19.41—8.13), P = 1.8x10-6) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (from β-estimate=1.96 (0.88-3.04), P=4x10-4) were also significant. Geospatial state-level modelling showed an exponential relationship between ASMR and both Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabigerol exposure; effect size calculations reflected this exponentiation. Exponential coefficients for the relationship between modelled ASMR and THC- and cannabigerol- exposure were 7.053 (6.39-7.71) and 185.334 (167.88-202.79; both P<2.0x10-7).

In inverse probability-weighted robust generalized linear models ethnic cannabis exposure (from β-estimate=3.64 (2.94-4.34), P=5.9x10-13) and cannabis independently (β-estimate=1.08 (0.63-1.54), P=2.9x10-5) were significant. High eValues in geospatial models indicated that uncontrolled confounding did not explain these findings. Therefore the demonstrated relationship satified the criteria of causal inference. Dichotomized legal status was geospatiotemporally linked with elevated ASMR.

Conclusions: Data show cannabis use is associated with ASMR, is powerful enough to affect overall trends, and persists after controlling for other major drug, socioeconomic, and ethnic-related covariates. Selected cannabinoids are exponentially associated with ASMR. The cannabis-autism relationship satisfies criteria of causal inference.

Purpose: We aim to determine the prevalence and characteristics of developmental disabilities among the clinical population of children who receive hearing health care in the United States.Method: Using electronic health records of 131,709 children (0–18 years), we identified those with a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, vision differences, cerebral palsy, chromosomal abnormalities, delayed milestones, Down syndrome, or intellectual disability. We determined prevalence, age of first audiology encounter, age of diagnosis for the developmental disability, and hearing status based on the specific disability and the number of diagnoses. Binomial and multinomial logistic regressions were performed.Results: One in four children had a diagnosed developmental disability. The most common disabilities were delayed milestones (11.3%), vision differences (7.4%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (6.6%), and autism spectrum disorder (6.2%). Half of the children with developmental disabilities had at least one diagnosis before their first audiology encounter. Children with developmental disabilities were more likely to have a reduced hearing or an unknown hearing status than children without developmental diagnoses. For children with reduced hearing, those with developmental disabilities had higher rates of bilateral configurations and poorer hearing severity levels.Conclusions: Developmental disabilities are common among children who seek hearing health care. Moreover, developmental disabilities often co-occur with reduced hearing. Further research and advocacy efforts are critical for creating clinical practices that are inclusive of, and equitable for, children with complex and diverse developmental profiles.Supplemental Material S1. ICD-9/10 umbrella mappings for the specific developmental disabilities used in the study.Supplemental Material S2. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S3. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S4. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of cerebral palsy was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S5. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of a chromosomal abnormality was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S6. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of delayed milestones was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S7. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of Down syndrome was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S8. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of an intellectual disability was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S9. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of a vision difference was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Bonino, A. Y., Goodwich, S. F., & Mood, D. (2025). Prevalence and characteristics of developmental disabilities among children who receive hearing health care. American Journal of Audiology, 34(1), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00118

BackgroundAutism is associated with high rates of genomic aberrations, including chromosomal rearrangements and de novo copy-number variations. These observations are reminiscent of cancer, a disease where genomic rearrangements also play a role. We undertook a correlative epidemiological study to explore the possibility that shared risk factors might exist for autism and specific types of cancer.Methodology/Principal FindingsTo determine if significant correlations exist between the prevalence of autism and the incidence of cancer, we obtained and analyzed state-wide data reported by age and gender throughout the United States. Autism data were obtained from the U.S. Department of Education via the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (2000–2007, reported annually by age group) and cancer incidence data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1999–2005). IDEA data were further subdivided depending on the method used to diagnose autism (DSM IV or the Code of Federal Regulations, using strict or expanded criteria). Spearman rank correlations were calculated for all possible pairwise combinations of annual autism rates and the incidence of specific cancers. Following this, Bonferroni's correction was applied to significance values. Two independent methods for determining an overall combined p-value based on dependent correlations were obtained for each set of calculations. High correlations were found between autism rates and the incidence of in situ breast cancer (p≤10−10, modified inverse chi square, n = 16) using data from states that adhere strictly to the Code of Federal Regulations for diagnosing autism. By contrast, few significant correlations were observed between autism prevalence and the incidence of 23 other female and 22 male cancers.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there may be an association between autism and specific forms of cancer.

Background: There have been many anecdotal reports that autistic people feel more comfortable and relaxed in autistic company. Our recent Diversity in Social Intelligence study examined this empirically, and found that an autism-specific environment facilitates learning and interaction for autistic people (Crompton et al., 2020). Our key findings indicate that (1) Autistic people transfer information with other autistic people as effectively as non-autistic people share information with one another; (2) information sharing breaks down when pairs are mis-matched: when one person is autistic and the other non-autistic, (3) feelings of rapport between people of the same neurotype accompany these info-sharing benefits; and (4) external observers can detect the lack of rapport apparent in mixed autistic / non-autistic interactions.

These findings, for the first time, demonstrate that autistic people’s social behaviour includes effective communication (information, and skill sharing) and effective social interaction (positive rapport), which is in direct violation of the diagnostic criteria for autism. This represents the first empirical evidence that autistic people have their own repertoire social norms and cues, amounting to a uniquely autistic form of 'social intelligence'"

This ground-breaking finding has profound implications for the characterisation of autism as a disorder, and practical implications for policy makers, practitioners, educators, clinicians and psychologists. However, pushing for dramatic changes in policy and practice would be premature without replication. This pre-registration is for a direct replication of the Diversity in Social Intelligence study in two parallel sites, from two continents, with both labs independent of the initial study. It will allow us to investigate whether these findings are replicated in independent samples. This rapid replication will allow us to explore this in a timely way and, if analogous results are found, make evidence-based recommendations to practitioners and policymakers.

Replication Methodology: This replication study uses a diffusion chain methodology - a controlled, experimental form of the game "Telephone" - which has been effective in probing cultural learning between individuals in a social group (e.g. Flynn & Whiten, 2008; McGuigan & Graham, 2010). In this method, an experimenter models a complex behaviour to the first person in the chain. The person then has a chance to replicate the behaviour alone, before being paired with the next person in the chain and instructed to demonstrate the behaviour to them. Once more the second participant can practice the behaviour and then must pass it on to the next individual, and so on (see Figure 1).

The diffusion chain methodology involves sequential pairs of participants completing the task, with two people in the lab at any one time, rather than a group task with all participants in the room.

Tasks: We will replicate two of the diffusion chain tasks used in the original study: a storytelling task and a Rubik’s twist task. These tasks will provide raw data allowing us to operationalise the effectiveness of information transfer, and skill learning, between people.

Measures: In addition, self-rated rapport will be measured after each diffusion chain interaction. We expect to find higher interactive rapport between two people of the same neurotype.

Our hypothesis is that single neurotype chains (i.e. chains of all autistic people or chains of all non-autistic people) will result in more accurate and efficient transmission of information between people, and higher interactive rapport than mixed neurotype (i.e. mixed autistic-non-autistic) chains.

Participants and conditions

216 participants (108 autistic and 108 non-autistic), matched for age and gender will be recruited and remunerated for their time. Participants will be allocated into one of three conditions: (1) Autistic: all participants are autistic (n = 72) (2) Non-autistic: all participants are non-autistic (n = 72) (3) Mixed: where half the participants are autistic, and half the participants are non-autistic (n = 72)

For each of the three conditions, we will run twelve diffusion chains, each with six participants (n = 6 participants * n = 12 chains * n = 3 conditions = 216 participants).

In the Mixed condition, participants will be arranged in an alternating order (autistic, non-autistic, autistic, etc.) so that each pair of people in the chain is “mis-matched” with a participant from the other diagnostic group.

In the original study diffusion chains were eight participants long. Here we plan for chains of six people in length. The reason for this amendment is to maximise the value of the data collected, as explained below.

Variations on the original study: In the original study we observed clear floor effects for participants in positions 7 and 8 in the chain (see Crompton, Ropar, Evans-Williams, Flynn & Fletcher-Watson, 2020). This occurred across all conditions and individual chains. In effect, by the time the information had been passed along six times, it was so degraded that participants had a minimal amount of information available to transfer. The mean difference in number of details recalled from the 1st to the 6th person in the chain was 21.56 (4.312 details per step) while the mean difference in number of details recalled from the 6th to the 8th person was 2.94 (1.47 details per step). On average the 6th person in the chain recalled 7.56 details while the 8th person in the chain recalled 4.61 details. Thus, we can clearly see how little information is available in the last part of a chain of 8 people.

By reducing the number of participants in each diffusion chain to six, and increasing the number of diffusion chains, every participant will have a chance to provide meaningful data for analysis without floor effects. Having shorter chains will yield more powerful data (more chains, with the same number of participants), be more logistically achievable and cost-effective. The chains remain a direct replication of the data collected from the first six placed participants per chain, from the original study.

Our research questions are: (1) Does performance on transmission tasks differ between autistic, non-autistic, and mixed conditions? (2) Does self-rated interactional rapport differ between autistic, non-autistic, and mixed conditions?

The overall aim of this research is to ask how growing up in a bilingual environment affects the linguistic, cognitive and social development of children and, importantly, do these developmental effects differ for children with autism spectrum disorders. Here we collected data from autistic and non-autistic children at two timepoints, one year apart, (November 2018 - September 2020) in order to understand the influence of bilingual exposure on changes in cognitive development.Many children in the UK grow up in homes where more than one language is spoken. Understanding the effect of this 'bilingual exposure' on children's abilities is challenging, but research so far largely shows that learning more than one language does not hinder child development, and can be beneficial. As well as the obvious advantage of knowing two languages, bilingualism has been associated with better insight into the thoughts and feelings of others. Other skills are hotly contested by researchers but may include greater ability to switch between tasks and control behaviour. These skills are useful both in the classroom, and in the playground. We know much less about how hearing two languages affects the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is associated with difficulties with communication, relating to other people and a desire for repetition and routine. Many practitioners and parents have reported that they are concerned that difficulties linked to autism, especially in communication, may be made worse if a child uses or hears more than one language. In addition, it is often assumed that speaking two languages is too taxing for a child who has an intellectual disability - which applies to about half of all children with ASD. However these assumptions are untested. Fifty years ago, it was also assumed that growing up in a bilingual home was a bad idea for all children, and yet we now know that that is untrue. Might it therefore also be the case that hearing or speaking more than one language is also OK for children with ASD? And, more speculatively, could bilingualism even create learning opportunities in the autistic population? After all, the benefits linked to bilingualism (like better insight into other people's minds) are in the same areas as those which are often impaired in autism. This project will provide unique, valuable information about how bilingual exposure affects both children with autism and their non-autistic peers. We will recruit about 180 children aged 4-12 years for a comprehensive assessment at two time points, one year apart. Children will all come from bilingual households but amount and type of exposure will vary widely, as will their confidence speaking each language. This will allow us to identify the impact of hearing, learning and speaking two languages on developmental change and learning in both groups. Our tests will focus on characteristics of autism, as well as skills which could be linked to a bilingual advantage. Drawing on our own previous work in this area, in which we interviewed bilingual parents of children with autism, we will also assess the social and family consequences of bilingualism such as impact on quality of life, community integration and access to services. In order to properly understand how bilingualism affects children with intellectual disability (who may have a very small spoken vocabulary and whose understanding may be hard to measure accurately) we will also develop new ways to measure language using recordings of eye movements instead of traditional tests. During this project we will create: - knowledge about the role of hearing and speaking more than one language on development and learning, in children with autism and without; - a contribution to theories about how children learn language, and to psychological models of autism; - evidence-based guidelines for parents, teachers and therapists; - new ways to research language in children with learning disability In particular, seeing the same children at two appointments, one year apart, with thorough assessment by a team of experts at each meeting, and including children with a range of types of language experience can address many of the key questions in bilingualism research. Moreover, the study will provide hints about whether exposure to more than one language at a young age could provide a natural learning opportunity for children with autism. we collected data from autistic and non-autistic children at two timepoints, one year apart, (November 2018 - September 2020) in order to understand the influence of bilingual exposure on changes in cognitive development. Data is split into: - Demographic information (including language profile) and diagnostic criteria that are the same for timepoints 1 and 2 - Standardised cognitive assessments from timepoint and parent reports from timepoints 1 and 2 (executive functions, vocabulary, IQ, social cognition) - Computer based tasks measuring aspects of executive functions at timepoints 1 and 2 - Eyetracking tasks measuring: theory of mind and social attentional preferences, from timepoints 1 and 2. Autistic and non autistic were recruited for this study. The inclusion criteria required that all participants were exposed to more than one language, with exposure referring to individuals who spoke and/or received secondary language input at home and/or school. However, this exposure varied widely and verbal fluency in one or more languages was not mandatory as a prerequisite for participation. Limits were not placed on IQ scores in the inclusion criteria in order to ensure a more representative autistic sample.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD or autism) is characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, which negatively impact on individuals and their families' quality of life. Currently no pharmacological interventions have been shown to be effective for improving social communication in autism. Previous trials have indicated the potential of arbaclofen for improving social function among autistic children and adolescents with fluent speech. The AIMS2TRIALS-Clinical Trial 1 (AIMS-CT1) will examine whether arbaclofen is superior to placebo in improving social function and other secondary outcomes over 16 weeks, along with safety and tolerability profiles.Methods: AIMS-CT1 is an international, multi-site, double-blind, parallel group Phase II randomized clinical trial. It will include 130 males and females aged 5:0–17:11 years, with a diagnosis of ASD and fluent speech. Eligible participants will be randomized on a ratio of 1:1 for a 16-week treatment period. Medication will be titrated over 5 weeks. The primary outcome is the effect on social function from weeks 0 to 16 measured on the Socialization domain of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3rd editionTM. Secondary outcome measures include the CGI–S (Clinical Global Impression–Severity), CGI–I (Clinical Global Impression–Improvement), other areas of adaptive function, social communication and other autism symptoms, co-occurring behavior problems and health-related quality of life. Genetic and electrophysiological markers will be examined as potential stratifiers for treatment response. Exploratory novel digital technologies will also be used to measure change, examining simultaneously the validity of digital biomarkers in natural environments. The safety and tolerability of the drug will also be examined. Our protocol is very closely aligned with a parallel Canadian trial of 90 participants (ARBA Study, US NCT number: NCT03887676) to allow for secondary combined analyses. Outcomes will be compared using both an Intent-to-reat and Per Protocol approach.Discussion: The outcomes of this trial, combined with the parallel Canadian trial, will contribute to the evidence base for medications used to help social difficulties among young autistic individuals; demonstrate the capabilities of the AIMS-2-TRIALS network of academic centers to deliver clinical trials; and support future drug development.Clinical Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2018-000942-21 and ClinicalTrials.gov registry number: NCT03682978. Currently under protocol v.7.2, dated 20.11.2020.

Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis and Therapeutics Market Outlook 2032

The global autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and therapeutics market size was USD 2.15 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 3.36 Billion by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 5.43% during 2024–2032. The market growth is attributed to the growing prevalence of this disorder.



Increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is necessitating advancements in its diagnosis and therapeutics. Early and accurate diagnosis and effective therapeutic interventions play a crucial role in improving the quality of life and developmental outcomes for individuals with ASD. These interventions encompass a wide range of strategies, including behavioral therapy, speech and language therapy, and medication management, tailored to the individual's unique needs and challenges.

Rising regulatory oversight is resulting in the implementation of stringent guidelines governing the. Recently, organizations such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have set rigorous standards for the approval of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions. These regulations are likely to drive the market towards the development of effective, safe, and evidence-based solutions, thereby influencing the future trajectory of the market.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis and Therapeutics Market

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a significant impact on the autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and therapeutics market. AI's ability to analyze complex data sets allows healthcare providers to identify patterns and correlations, improving diagnostic accuracy and enabling personalized treatment plans.



AI-driven automation enhances the efficiency of therapeutic interventions, reducing the burden on healthcare professionals and improving patient outcomes. The integration of AI fosters the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches, propelling the market. However, this technological advancement necessitates substantial investment in infra

The size of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Treatment Market was valued at USD 6.94 USD billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 12.28 USD billion by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 8.5% during the forecast period. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Treatment refers to a range of therapies and interventions aimed at improving the quality of life and functioning of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Since ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition with a wide variety of symptoms and severities, treatment plans are highly individualized and typically focus on addressing specific challenges such as communication difficulties, behavioral issues, and sensory sensitivities. This remarkable growth is attributed to factors such as the increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the growing awareness and understanding of ASD, and the development of novel treatment modalities. Recent developments include: May 2023: Hopebridge, LLC., launched a new Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) Career Pathway program for their behavior analyst professionals., December 2022: Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., introduced drug JNJ-5279, a new molecular entity under clinical trials for treating generalized anxiety disorder and autism spectrum disorder. The drug candidate completed the phase II study., April 2022: The International Forum in Advancements in Healthcare (IFAH) recognized SUCCESS ON THE SPECTRUM, an company offering communication and behavioural therapies for Autistic patients, in the ‘Top 50 Companies’ for their contribution to the development of the healthcare industry., December 2021: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. conducted a phase 2 trial for their drug candidate, RO7017773. This trial aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the drug in individuals aged 15-45 with ASD. The company also has plans to submit a regulatory filing for this drug in the year 2024., November 2021: The Autism Impact Fund (AIF) invested in Yamo Pharmaceuticals LLC. The company sponsored a Phase 2 candidate study, L1-79, for autism spectrum disorder treatment in adolescents and adults., April 2021: Center for Autism and Related Disorders, LLC. planned to inaugurate 46 new Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) treatment centers across the U.S. to expand its geographical footprint., May 2019: SUCCESS ON THE SPECTRUM received 2 year Behavioral Health Center of Excellence (BHCOE) Accreditation. The company received the accreditation for its dedication to continuously improve Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) service offering.. Key drivers for this market are: Growing Prevalence of Asthma and Huge Patient Pool Undergoing Treatment to Support the Demand for Auto-injectors. Potential restraints include: Lack of Approved Drugs is Likely to Hamper Market Growth . Notable trends are: Increasing Number of Hospitals and ASCs Identified as Significant Market Trend.

As of 2023, almost ***** percent of those living in the state of West Virginia had a cognitive disability, such as Down syndrome, autism, or dementia. This statistic shows the percentage of people in the U.S. who had a cognitive disability as of 2023, by state.

A survey of U.S. adults from 2024 found that around 73 percent of respondents thought it was very accurate or somewhat accurate that there is no evidence of a link between measles vaccines and getting autism, as stated by the CDC. However, around a quarter of U.S. adults do not accept the CDC's statement that there is no evidence linking the measles vaccine to getting autism. Vaccinations against measles have resulted in significant decreases in cases and deaths from the disease in the United States. However, vaccine hesitancy and skepticism have been blamed for an increasing number of measles cases.

As of July 2024, almost ** percent of Republicans and * percent of Democrats surveyed in the United States believed that certain vaccines cause autism. Meanwhile, a majority of Democrats were of the opinion that vaccines are not a cause of autism, and a majority of Republicans were unsure.