The datasets in the data table have been collected as part of a project to understand how reduced sea ice cover in the Arctic will impact polar bear populations. Bears that stay ashore in summer have almost no access to food and tend to be inactive. Those that stay on the ice, however, have continued access to prey and make extensive movements. Over a three year period, scientists from the University of Wyoming and the U. S. Geological Service followed the movements of bears in both habitats and monitored their body temperature, muscle condition, blood chemistry, and metabolism. The physiological data will be added to spatially-explicit individual-based population models to predict population response to reduced ice cover.

This dataset contains GLS ear-tag data collected from 2012 to 2021. This dataset was used in Merkel et al. 2023 Light-level geolocation as a tool to monitor polar bear (Ursus maritimus) denning ecology: a case study. Animal Biotelemetry. DOI 10.1186/s40317-023-00323-4.

Quality

The dataset contains raw light level logger outputs as wel las a metadata xlsx file.

Following the protection of the polar bear in Svalbard in 1973, Sysselmannen registers every serious incidents involving polar bears.

These records were summarised in numerous publications linked to here, the first by Ian Gjertz and Endre Persen in 1987.

From 2014 the Norwegian data is published in the Polar bear / human interaction API.

Gjertz,I.,Aarvik,S.& Hindrum,R.1995.Polar bears killed in Svalbard 1987-1992.P.184 in Wiig,Ø.,Born,E.W.& Garner,G.W. (eds).Polar Bears.Proceedings of the eleventh working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group 25-27 January 1993, Copenhagen,Denmark.IUCN Species Survival Commission Occasional Paper 10,192 pp.

1973-1995 Se Kunnskapsstatus for isbjørn ved Svalbard

14 KONFLIKTER BJØRN - MENNESKER 14.1 Kunnskapsstatus

I perioden juli 1973 til oktober 1995 var det 72 tilfeller der bjørn ble skutt i nødverge eller bjørn angrep og skadet mennesker på Svalbard.

Disse førte til at tre personer omkom (en i 1977 og to i 1995), og seks personer kom til skade. Videre ble 68 bjørner avlivet og én skadeskutt (se Gjertz & Persen 1987,Gjertz 1994,Gjertz et al. 1995, Derocher et al. 1998).

1996-1997 ?

1998-2005

Tab. 1 Isbjørn avlivet eller skadeskutt på Svalbard 1998-2005 B = beskyttelse; D = dyrevern; FT = Forebyggende tiltak

SMS = Sysselmannen; STB = Stasjonsbesetning eller andre fastboende; F = Forsker; T = Tilreisende

Dato Sted Årsak Involvert Isbjørn Isbjørn Kommentar å-m-d kjønn alder 98-02-06 Brandalspynten, Ny-Ålesund FT SMS Hann 4-5 98-04-10 Hopen B STB Hann 1-2 98-08-01 Brucebyen, Billefjorden B T ? ? Skadeskutt 98-08-08 Gåshamna, Hornsund B T Hann 2 98-08-09 Gåshamna, Hornsund B T Hann 2-3 00-06-14 Smeerenburgfjorden D SMS Hann >5 00-07-31 Gåshamna, Hornsund B F Hunn 7 00-08-01 Gåshamna, Hornsund D SMS Hann 1-2 00-08-01 Gåshamna, Hornsund D SMS Hunn 1-2 01-04-26 Bjørnøya B STB Hann 7 01-07-02 Kapp Amsterdam, Sveagruva FT SMS Hunn 3 02-07-10 Eholmen, Bellsund B T Hann 9 02-07-16 Colesbukta FT SMS Hunn 7 02-07-16 Colesbukta FT SMS Hann 1-2 02-07-16 Colesbukta FT SMS Hunn 1-2 02-12-07 Isbjørnhamna, Hornsund B STB Hann 2-3 03-02-03 Austfjordneset, Wijdefjorden B STB Hann 17 03-05-13 Adventdalen FT SMS Hann 3 03-05-17 Mushamna, Woodfjorden B STB Hann 4-5 04-02-24 Vestpynten, Adventfjorden B STB Hunn 2 04-05-10 Van Mijenfjorden D SMS Hann 0,5 04-04-21 Van Keulenfjorden Uhell F Hann 15 04-06-09 Fridtjovhamna B T Hann 2,5 04-09-27 Mushamna, Woodfjorden Uhell STB Hunn ? Skadeskutt 04-12-30 Barentsburg FT SMS Hann 2 05-03-05 Kapp Lee, Edgeøya B F Hann 10?

References: 1994: Fauna, vol. 47 nr. 3 NP hefte: "In the land of the Polar Bear" NPs årsmelding for 1994

The data shows sampling season and position/area, cub status, fatty acid (FA) composition in adipose tissue and carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope values in plasma and red blood cells for female polar bears in Svalbard.

Quality

Adult female polar bears (age 4–28 years) were captured in April and September 2012 and 2013 throughout Svalbard. The 112 samples collected (N = 33 in April 2012, N= 24 in September 2012, N= 29 in April 2013 and N = 26 in September 2013) represented 78 females with 26 animals being captured more than once. Females were classified in three groups according to their breeding status: solitary (i.e. alone or together with a male in spring), with 1 or 2 cubs of the year (COYs; cubs younger than 1 year old) or with 1 or 2 yearlings (YRLs; cubs aged between 1 and 2 years). Sampling areas were split according to their ice cover: North-West (less sea ice cover), South-East (larger amplitude in sea ice extent) and North-East/South-West (NESW) as bears from that zone are more mobile among all regions of Svalbard. Lipid was quantitatively extracted from each adipose tissue sample and FA methyl esters (FAME) were prepared using H2SO4 as a catalyst. Duplicate analyses and identification of FAME were performed using temperature-programmed gas–liquid chromatography. FA data are expressed as the mass percentage of total FA. Individual FA are referred to by the shorthand nomenclature of carbon-chain length:number of double bonds, and position of the first double bond relative to the terminal methyl group. Plasma and red blood cells were dried at 50°C for 3 days, homogenized, weighed and packed in tin cups. The samples were analysed for δ13C and δ15N using an elemental analyzer in line with a continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. δ13C and δ15N values are reported in standard δ notation and are referenced to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) for δ13C and to air for δ15N.

This data represents the words of local experts from Wainwright, Utqiaġvik, Nuiqsut, and Kaktovik. Indigenous knowledge provides insights on the responses of polar bears to sea ice loss. However, Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) for the southern Beaufort Sea subpopulation has not been documented systematically since the 1990s. TEK is a dynamic body of knowledge that quickly responds to new conditions presented by climate change. Gaps in documentation have prevented TEK from entering fully into scientific research shaping management policies. This data closes this gap, providing an updated account of Iñupiaq knowledge about polar bears on the North Slope of Alaska. Local and traditional knowledge of polar bears was documented through semi-structured interviews in the communities of Wainwright (n =10), Utqiaġvik (n =13), Nuiqsut (n =12), and Kaktovik (n = 12) in 2017 and 2018. Interviews centered on maps of each community’s region and on individual life histories of observing bears while hunting on the land and ice. Participants included both experienced Elders and active subsistence hunters. Follow-up visits were conducted with participants in 2019 to verify initial findings. Themes covered in data include: changes in sea ice, wind, and weather; the impact of these changes on polar bears; polar bear body condition; local abundance; behavior; feeding; seasonal movement; habitat use; dens; cubs; and ice seals. Additional themes included aspects of human-polar bear relationships such as subsistence traditions and interactions between people and bears during whaling. Data focuses on knowledge of polar bears within the last fifteen years, seeking current observations as well as comparative assessments of change over time. Manifest of Media Products: Kaktovik_Fall_Winter.pdf Kaktovik_Fall_Winter.png Kaktovik_Spring_Summer.png Nuiqsut_Fall_Winter.pdf Nuiqsut_Fall_Winter.png Nuiqsuit_Spring_Summer.pdf Nuiqsut_Spring_Summer.png Overview_BeaufortSubPops_c.pdf Overview_BeaufortSubPops_c.png Utqiagvik_Fall_Winter.pdf Utqiagvik_Fall_Winter.png Utqiagvik_Spring_Summer.pdf Utqiagvik_Spring_Summer.png Voorhees 2019 TEK Report PRINT Wainwright_Fall_Winter.pdf Wainwright_Fall_Winter.png Wainwright_Spring_Summer.pdf Wainwright_Spring_Summer.png For each community, there are four maps of polar bear habitat use and denning areas. This includes one set of maps (in .pdf and .png) for Fall-Winter, and one set of maps (in .pdf and .png) for Spring-Summer. Fall- Winter is defined as September-February, Spring-Summer is defined as March-August. The Overview_BeaufortSubPops_c map depicts the range of the Southern Beaufort Sea polar bear subpopulation and the communities of the study.

Polar bears are susceptible to climate warming because of their dependence on sea ice, which is declining rapidly. We present the first evidence for a genetically distinct and functionally isolated group of polar bears in Southeast Greenland. These bears occupy sea-ice conditions resembling those projected for the High Arctic in the late 21st century, with an annual ice-free period that is >100 days longer than the estimated fasting threshold for the species. Whereas polar bears in most of the Arctic depend on annual sea ice to catch seals, Southeast Greenland bears have a year-round hunting platform in the form of freshwater glacial mélange. This suggests that marine-terminating glaciers, although of limited availability, may serve as previously unrecognized climate refugia. Conservation of Southeast Greenland polar bears, which meet the criteria for recognition as the world's 20th polar bear subpopulation, is necessary to preserve the genetic diversity and evolutionary potential of the species.

Three data files associated with the manuscript "Aquatic behaviour of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in an increasingly ice-free Arctic". Data was collected by devices with a saltwater switch (and for diving, a pressure sensor) deployed on collars of female polar bears in Svalbard in 2005-2017.

1) Monthly_means.txt is a tab-separated text file with 818 records with the following columns: "id" (individual bear identifier), "month" (1-12), "year", "mean_proportion_wet" (monthly mean proportion of the time the collar recorded being submerged in water), "days" (length of recorded time this mean is based on, minimum 5 days), "reproductive_status" (whether the female had young of the year (c), yearlings (y), no cubs (n) in the preceeding april, or if this is not known (NA)), "offshore" (whether the bear made offshore excursions or not during their period of tracking).

2) Dive_depths.txt is a tab-separated text file with 51301 records with the following columns: "id" (individual bear identifier), "dtime" (timestamp, GMT), "swim_duration" (swim duration in seconds), "max_depth" (maximum recorded depth during a swim, in meters), "download_type" (if this record was transmitted over the ARGOS network (giving an unbiased sample of dives) or downloaded directly from a recovered collar (giving a complete record)).

3) Swimming_iceconc.txt is a tab-separated text file with 51301 records with the following columns: "id" (individual bear identifier), "dtime" (timestamp, GMT), "proportion_wet" (2 hour summary of proportion of time in water, centered on timestamp), "ice_concentration" (sea ice concentration in percent).

In this study, the stress hormone cortisol was used to identify physiological linkages between polar bear health and the environment in the Beaufort Sea (BS) and Chukchi (CS) seas. The Southern Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea subpopulations are intensively studied and their responses to sea ice declines are highly divergent. We measured cortisol from a rich collection of SB and CS hair samples from bears captured between 1983-2016. We related cortisol concentrations to demographic parameters, body condition, region, and sea ice conditions during the time of fur growth from May-September, the period that polar bears are likely impacted by climate change and sea ice declines. The breadth of our samples provided a 34 year view of the role of diminishing sea ice, reproductive status, and region on the health of SB and CS polar bears. We measured cortisol from a rich collections of SB and CS hair samples from bears captured 1983-2016.We will relate cortisol concentrations to demographic parameters, body condition, region, and sea ice conditions during the time of fur growth of May-September, the period that polar bears are likely impacted by climate change sea ice declines. The data collected in this study were created in Microsoft Excel before converting to the csv format provided here. Original data were edited with Program R to remove records of which cortisol values could not be derived and to assign reproductive status to each polar bear record.

Increasing surface temperatures, Arctic sea-ice loss, and other evidence of anthropogenic global warming (AGW) are acknowledged by every major scientific organization in the world. However, there is a wide gap between this broad scientific consensus and public opinion. Internet blogs have strongly contributed to this consensus gap by fomenting misunderstandings of AGW causes and consequences. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have become a "poster species" for AGW, making them a target of those denying AGW evidence. Here, focusing on Arctic sea ice and polar bears, we show that blogs that deny or downplay AGW disregard the overwhelming scientific evidence of Arctic sea-ice loss and polar bear vulnerability. By denying the impacts of AGW on polar bears, bloggers aim to cast doubt on other established ecological consequences of AGW, aggravating the consensus gap. To counter misinformation and reduce this gap, scientists should directly engage the public in the media and blogosphere.

Tracking data from polar bears (N=67) and ringed seals (N=60) in Svalbard that were equipped with various tracking devices and used for analysis that is the basis for the scientific article: Hamilton, C. D., Kovacs, K. M., Ims, R. A. , Aars, J. and Lydersen, C. 2017. An Arctic predator-prey system in flux: Climate change impacts on coastal space use by polar bears and ringed seals. J. Anim. Ecol. 86: 1054-1064. The data set consists of info on animal ID, time, location and species.

The data show hair concentrations of total mercury (THg) from adult (>4 years) female polar bears from the Norwegian Arctic (Svalbard archipelago; n=41) captured between 2008/2011 and 2016, and in male and female polar bears from the Russian Arctic (Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, and Chukchi Sea; n=58) of unknown age. All of the Norwegian and 42 of the Russian samples were additionally analysed for stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) to approximate feeding habits. The dataset was used to explore spatial variation within the Norwegian and Russian Arctic in relation to feeding habits.

In version 2 of the data file (update 2022-02-07) information on capture date and bear status (immobilized/ remains/shed hair) has been appended.

Quality

The spatial reference points in the Norwegian Arctic were centroid home range positions calculated from tracks recorded by GPS collars and averaged for bears that had more than one collar (columns transCenLAT/LON in the dataset). For the Russian bears, latitude and longitude of capture position (LAT.capt, LON.capt) were used as spatial references. The THg concentrations are given in µg/g hair, and stable isotopes in ‰. Polar bear length and girth is given in cm, and weight in kg. The breeding status in the Norwegian polar bears refers to females captured alone (n), with cubs of the year (c), or with one or two year old offspring (y, 2y). Empty cells in the column “SEX” belong to bears with unknown sex, those samples were found on the ground and additional biological information is unavailable.

Replication data for "Autumn migration phenology of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Hudson Bay, Canada" published in Polar Biology.

Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants, feeding habits and body condition of polar bears from the Barents Sea, 1997-2017

Quality

The data show concentrations of PCBs, p,p'-DDE, HCB, beta-HCH, oxychlordan, BDE-47 and BDE-153 in adult female polar bears from the Barents Sea sampled in spring, 1997-2017. The data was used to explore temporal trends of contaminants. In addition, information on feeding habits (approximated by d13C and d15N), body condition, age and breeding status was related to the POP concentrations to determine whether concentrations and trends were affected by changes in these biological endpoints. All contaminants were analysed in plasma, and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were analysed in red blood cells. All contaminant concentrations are in ng/g wet weight in the data file, but were lipid corrected (concentration/fat%*100) in the publication (except OH-PCBs). Values of stable isotopes are shown in ‰. Length and girth are given in cm, and weight in kg. Breeding status refers to females captured alone (n), or with cubs of the year (c) or with one or two year old offspring (y, 2y).

Polar Tourism Market Outlook

The global market size for Polar Tourism was valued at approximately USD 2.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach about USD 5.8 billion by 2032, experiencing a CAGR of 9.1% during the forecast period. The growth of this market is driven by increasing interest in adventure travel and the unique experiences that polar regions offer.

One significant growth factor of the Polar Tourism market is the rising demand for unique and off-the-beaten-path travel experiences. As traditional tourist destinations become increasingly crowded, travelers are looking for more remote and untouched locations, leading to a surge in demand for trips to the Arctic and Antarctic regions. These areas offer pristine landscapes, rare wildlife sightings, and a sense of adventure that is hard to find elsewhere, making them highly attractive to modern tourists seeking novel experiences.

Environmental awareness and conservation efforts are also fueling the growth of polar tourism. Many tourists are motivated by the desire to see and appreciate these fragile ecosystems before they are altered or damaged by climate change. This awareness has led to an increase in eco-conscious travel, with operators offering sustainable and responsible tourism options that minimize environmental impact. Guided tours often include educational components about the local environment and conservation efforts, which further attracts travelers interested in learning and contributing positively to these regions.

The advancement of travel infrastructure and technology has made polar regions more accessible than ever before. Developments in transportation, such as ice-strengthened vessels and advanced navigation systems, have reduced the risks associated with polar travel, making it more appealing to a broader audience. Additionally, improvements in communication technology have enhanced safety and comfort, allowing tour operators to offer more reliable and enjoyable travel experiences. These technological advancements continue to open up the polar regions to tourists who previously might have been deterred by the perceived challenges.

Regionally, North America and Europe are currently the largest markets for polar tourism, driven by high disposable incomes and a strong interest in adventure travel. The Asia Pacific region is also expected to see significant growth, fueled by increasing wealth and a growing trend of international travel among its population. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa regions, while smaller in market share, are also showing promising potential as awareness and interest in polar tourism spread globally.

Icebreakers play a crucial role in the accessibility and safety of polar tourism. These specialized ships are designed to navigate through thick ice, allowing tourists to reach remote and otherwise inaccessible areas in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The use of icebreakers has expanded the possibilities for polar exploration, enabling tour operators to offer unique itineraries that include areas previously off-limits due to ice conditions. The presence of icebreakers not only enhances the adventure aspect of polar tourism but also ensures that safety standards are maintained, providing peace of mind to tourists. As the demand for polar tourism grows, the development and deployment of more advanced icebreakers are expected to continue, further opening up these pristine regions to exploration.

Type Analysis

Arctic Tourism represents a significant segment within the polar tourism market, attracting a large number of visitors yearly. The Arctic offers unparalleled opportunities for wildlife viewing, including polar bears, whales, and various bird species. The region's cultural heritage, with indigenous communities offering unique insights into their way of life, also adds to its allure. Expedition cruises are particularly popular in the Arctic, providing a comfortable yet adventurous way to explore these remote areas. The growing interest in sustainable travel has further boosted Arctic Tourism, with many operators emphasizing eco-friendly practices and conservation.

Antarctic Tourism, although smaller in market size compared to Arctic Tourism, is experiencing rapid growth. The Antarctic continent's pristine and otherworldly landscapes draw tourists seeking truly unique experiences. Icebergs, glaciers, and a variety of marine life, including penguins and seals, are major attractions. Expedi

Multiple-stressor effects in an apex predator: combined influence of pollutants and sea ice decline on lipid metabolism in polar bears.

The dataset PPARA.data contains following parameters -experiment and plate number - solvent used - name of the receptor the cells were transfected with - name of the species for receptor the cells were transfected with - test/control compound name - test/control concentration (uM) - luciferase activities, measured as luminescence, corrected for differences in transfection efficiencies by normalized β-galactosidase activities (A420 nm) for test compounds - luciferase activities, measured as luminescence, corrected for differences in transfection efficiencies by normalized β-galactosidase activities (A420 nm) for solvent controls (average per plate) - percentage of solvent used

The dataset viability.data contains following parameters -experiment and plate number - test used - test compound concentration (uM) - fluoresence for test compounds - fluoresence for solvent (average per plate)

The Arctic is warming four times faster than the rest of the world, threatening the persistence of many Arctic species. It is uncertain if Arctic wildlife will have sufficient time to adapt to such rapidly warming environments. We used genetic forecasting to measure the risk of maladaptation to warming temperatures and sea ice loss in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) sampled across the Canadian Arctic. We found evidence for local adaptation to sea ice conditions and temperature. Forecasting of genome-environment mismatches for predicted climate scenarios suggested that polar bears in the Canadian high Arctic had the greatest risk of becoming maladapted to climate warming. While Canadian high Arctic bears may be the most likely to become maladapted, all polar bears face potentially negative outcomes to climate change. Given the importance of the sea ice habitat to polar bears, we expect that maladaptation to future warming is already widespread across Canada.

This dataset gives the annual number of eider nests and average annual clutch size for all islands in Kongsfjorden from 1981 to 2020 (some years missing for some islands). It also gives the average spring sea-ice concentration (average sea-ice concentration in April and May from the National Snow and Ice Data Centre at the University of Colorado (https://nsidc.org/data/g02135/versions/3 ; see details in Prop et al. 2015. Climate change and the increasing impact of polar bears on bird populations. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 3:33 https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2015.00033).

This data set contains interviews of three hunters from Sanikiliaq, Belcher Islands, in the territory of Nunavut, Canada. The hunters describe their observations of sea ice conditions around the Belcher Islands gathered from their many hunting expeditions. The local and traditional knowledge (LTK) gathered from these interviews reveals that the ice is changing and becoming more dangerous and less predictable than it once was.

In addition to the three video interviews, the hunters drew important ice features and changes on maps which are included as part of the data set. Photographs of ice conditions at specific places on the maps are available. Two of the three interviews are in English; the third is in Inuktitut and English.

Data are available via the Product Web Site as edited video files, maps, and photographs. Full video interviews, maps, and photographs are on ftp as a compressed file via the Access Data link.

Marine Ecological Data Collection: Arctic Sea Ice Melt and Species Adaptation

Overview

This comprehensive dataset contains authoritative research on the ecological restructuring occurring in the Arctic due to sea ice melt. The collection presents meticulously documented changes in Arctic ecosystems, focusing on species adaptation strategies in response to rapid environmental transformation. The data is structured to support advanced ecological modeling, climate change impact assessment, and conservation planning.

Data Characteristics

Environmental Change Metrics

The dataset provides precise quantitative measurements of Arctic environmental change:

• Arctic warming rates at 3x the global average
• Sea ice extent reduction of 12.6% per decade (1979-2022)
• Winter ice period in East Greenland reduced from 280 days (1990) to 190 days (2020)

• Habitat compression of 40% for iconic species like polar bears (Ursus maritimus)

  Species Adaptation Patterns

  The collection documents divergent adaptation strategies across Arctic species:

• Differential population trends in polar bears: 26% decline in Canada's Beaufort Sea population versus 15% survival rate improvement in Norway's Svalbard archipelago population

• Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) spawning ground contraction by 300km toward polar core regions

• Thermal tolerance window narrowing to -1.5°C to 3°C for juvenile Arctic cod

• Complete ecological replacement in the southern Barents Sea, where Atlantic cod has displaced Arctic cod

  Cross-Regional Ecological Cascades

  The dataset captures complex ecological cascade effects across different Arctic regions:

• Contrasting ecological responses between the Chukchi and Laptev Seas

• Copepod biomass reduction of 42% in the Chukchi Sea due to Pacific inflow warming

• Dietary shift in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) with krill proportion decreasing from 75% to 52%

• Extended diatom bloom duration by 17 days in the Laptev Sea due to increased nutrient input

• Creation of new feeding grounds for Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus)

  Conservation Technology Innovations

  The collection documents cutting-edge conservation interventions:

• Norway's "Sea Ice Corridor" project utilizing 3D-printed biomimetic ice shelves

• Creation of 12 square kilometers of temporary habitat in critical breeding areas

• 23% improvement in seal pup survival rates

• Black carbon deposition monitoring network implementation

• 41% reduction in ship fuel residue deposition

• Measurable delay in spring sea ice melting rates

  Research Applications

  This dataset supports multiple research applications:

1. Climate change impact modeling on Arctic marine ecosystems
2. Species vulnerability assessment and adaptation capacity evaluation
3. Ecological niche shift analysis under rapid environmental change
4. Conservation technology effectiveness assessment
5. Ecosystem service transformation mapping
6. Cross-regional comparative ecological response studies
7. Knowledge graph construction for Arctic ecological relationships ## Data Collection Methodology The data presented has been collected through rigorous scientific methodologies:

• Long-term satellite monitoring of sea ice extent
• Field surveys of marine mammal populations
• Oceanographic measurements of temperature and nutrient profiles
• Biological sampling of marine species distribution and abundance
• Stomach content analysis of key predator species
• Conservation intervention monitoring with control comparisons ## Data Integrity All data points have been verified through peer-reviewed scientific processes and represent the most current understanding of Arctic ecological dynamics. The information is presented with precise numerical values to facilitate quantitative analysis and modeling.

Recommended Citation Format

When utilizing this dataset in research publications, please cite as: "Arctic Sea Ice Melt and Species Adaptation Strategies Dataset (2023). Marine Ecological Research Institute."