GWAS on EBV serostatus/total number of siblings on UKBiobank participants Mendelian randomisation identifies priority groups for prophylactic EBV vaccination. Marisa D. Muckian, MSc; James. F Wilson, DPhil; Graham S. Taylor, PhD; Helen R. Stagg, PhD; Nicola Pirastu, PhD We mapped the complex evidence from the literature prior to this study factors associated with EBV serostatus (as a proxy for infection) into a causal diagram to determine putative risk factors for our study. Using data from the UK Biobank of 8,422 individuals genomically deemed to be of white British ancestry between the ages of 40 and 69 at recruitment between the years 2006 and 2010, we performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) of EBV serostatus and total number of sibligns, followed by a Two Sample MR to determine which putative risk factors were causal.

The typical American picture of a family with 2.5 kids might not be as relevant as it once was: In 2023, there was an average of 1.94 children under 18 per family in the United States. This is a decrease from 2.33 children under 18 per family in 1960.

Familial structure in the United States

If there’s one thing the United States is known for, it’s diversity. Whether this is diversity in ethnicity, culture, or family structure, there is something for everyone in the U.S. Two-parent households in the U.S. are declining, and the number of families with no children are increasing. The number of families with children has stayed more or less constant since 2000.

Adoptions in the U.S.

Families in the U.S. don’t necessarily consist of parents and their own biological children. In 2021, around 35,940 children were adopted by married couples, and 13,307 children were adopted by single women.

Around *** million families in the United States had three or more children under 18 living in the household in 2023. In that same year, about ***** million households had no children under 18 living in the household.

The dataset contains the life-history data from individuals from historical villages in Switzerland.

Conviction Statistics: Minors: Classif. of minors under the tutelage of the state by infringement and persons that person lives together and number of siblings. National. Classif. of minors under the tutelage of the state by infringement and persons that person lives together and number of siblings.

Abstract When fertility declines, it is not only the number of children that becomes smaller, but the number of siblings as well. To determine changes in the number of siblings over time in Brazil, this study uses a method that is designed to estimate, through mathematical models which use only fertility and mortality rates, the availability of surviving siblings in different cohorts. The results indicate that, at the beginning of the demographic transition, the mean number of the born alive siblings is established at high levels and suffers a sharp decline during the transition, mainly due to falling fertility. They also show that the mean number of the surviving siblings at older ages tends to be very similar for older and younger cohorts. However, the mean number of surviving siblings during the childhood of these cohorts tends to differ greatly. This is due to high mortality, especially infant mortality, on the one hand and, on the other, from fertility decline which reduces the number of live births in more recent cohorts while the reduction of mortality increases their chances of survival. The study's conclusion points out the following trends: the mean number of surviving siblings will tend to settle at lower levels in coming years and the mean number of surviving siblings tends to be increasingly closer to the mean number born alive. Despite current low levels of fertility, it would be incorrect to speak of the extinction of siblings and, consequently, of cousins, uncles, etc.

Australia Average Number of Dependent Children in Household: Multiple Family data was reported at 1.200 Person in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.400 Person for 2018. Australia Average Number of Dependent Children in Household: Multiple Family data is updated yearly, averaging 1.300 Person from Jun 2004 (Median) to 2020, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.500 Person in 2016 and a record low of 1.200 Person in 2020. Australia Average Number of Dependent Children in Household: Multiple Family data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Australian Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.H039: Survey of Income and Housing: Average Number of Dependent Children in Household: by Family Composition.

Care 4 Kids (C4K) Number of Children by Provider Setting Type and by Town, with subsidy Paid in October 2019. Includes total for all Age Groups. Numbers suppressed as shown by *.

These data relates to the article "Resemblance Reporting on Children: Sisters Are More Proactive than Brothers" Abstract: The asymmetric grandparental investment in humans can ultimately be explained by the paternity uncertainty hypothesis. The proximate mechanisms leading to grandparental bias in investment in grandchildren is however not clear. In a study of 233 males and females with an opposite sexed sibling, we examined whether the frequency of comments on child resemblance changed when both siblings became parents, compared to when only one of them had children. We found that comments among siblings on resemblance of children occurred more frequently after both siblings had become parents, compared to when only one of them had children, suggesting that resemblance description may become more important after both siblings get children. More important, and in line with the recent suggestion that mothers may mentally exploit the alloparenting environment by expressing biased resemblance descriptions, males reported that their sisters commented on resemblance more often and more intense, concerning their own child, compared to what females reported about their brother’s child. Additionally, females self-reported that they were the most proactive during resemblance descriptions. Thus, sisters might, through more frequent voicing of stronger opinions on parent-child resemblance than their brothers, influence alloparents’ perception of resemblance to their children and thus influence alloparental investments.

Research on phenotypic plasticity has often focused on how a given genotype responds to changing physical environments. However, for many species the social environment plays an equally important role due to competition for resources. During early development, the level of competition for limited resources will often depend critically on the number of siblings. Therefore, competition among siblings should drive the evolution of genes that allow flexible responses to realized levels of competition and maternal resource availability. However, it is unknown whether genetically based differences between individuals exist in their response to the social environment that affects their future development. Using a quantitative trait locus approach in an experimental population of mice we demonstrate that effects of sibling number on body weight depend on individual genotype at seven loci, over and above the general negative litter size effect. Overall, these litter size-by-genotype interactions considerably modified the degree to which increasing litter size caused reduced weight. For example at one locus this effect leads to a 7% difference in body weight at week 7 between individuals experiencing the extremes of the normal range of litter sizes in our population (five to nine). The observed interaction between genotype and the competitive environment can produce differences in body weight that are similar in magnitude to the main effect of litter size on weight. Our results show that different genotypes respond to the social environment differentially and that interaction effects of genotype with litter size can be as important as genotype-independent effects of litter size.

In 2023, most households in Denmark were households without children. The largest number of households with children had  two children living in it, amounting to about 332 thousand. The second most common household with children, was households with only one child. About four thousand Danish households with kids had five or more children. The number of households in Denmark grew by over 195 thousand over the past decade. It peaked in 2022, reaching approximately 2.79 million households. 

 Household types    Over the past decade, the number of married couple households was highest in Denmark. Of these, there were around 937 thousand households registered in 2023. The number of single women households amounted to roughly 727 thousand and the number of single men households amounted to over 565 thousand in the country.

 Households in Sweden      In Sweden, the number of households also rose in the past years. As of 2021, Swedish households numbered around 4.8 million. In this year, the most common household type was the single person household without children, reaching in total almost 2 million.    

This partnership-based study identified how many middle and high school students take care of parents, siblings, and grandparents at home, via student surveys across Rhode Island public schools (N = 48,508; 46% White non-Latinx; 21% Latinx; 47% girls). Further, we investigated how students’ caregiving for family related to their school engagement, belonging, and emotional wellbeing. A sizable proportion of students reported caring for family for part (29%) or most of the day (7%). Girls and Black, Asian, Latinx, Native, and Multiracial youth were more likely to care for family compared to boys and White non-Latinx youth. Caregiving students from all demographics were more likely to experience intense sadness compared to non-caregivers, revealing a need to support caregiving youth in schools. In addition, caregiving girls reported lower levels of school engagement and school belonging. However, caregiving for part of the day was related to greater belonging among Black and Native youth.

Human reproductive patterns have been well studied, but the mechanisms by which physiology, ecology and existing kin interact to affect the life history need quantification. Here, we create a model to investigate how age-specific interbirth intervals adapt to environmental and intrinsic mortality, and how birth patterns can be shaped by competition and help between siblings. The model provides a flexible framework for studying the processes underlying human reproductive scheduling. We developed a state-based optimality model to determine age-dependent and family-dependent sets of reproductive strategies, including the state of the mother and her offspring. We parameterized the model with realistic mortality curves derived from five human populations. Overall, optimal birth intervals increase until the age of 30 after which they remain relatively constant until the end of the reproductive lifespan. Offspring helping each other does not have much effect on birth intervals. Increasing infant and senescent mortality in different populations decreases interbirth intervals. We show that sibling competition and infant mortality interact to lengthen interbirth intervals. In lower-mortality populations, intense sibling competition pushes births further apart. Varying the adult risk of mortality alone has no effect on birth intervals between populations; competition between offspring drives the differences in birth intervals only when infant mortality is low. These results are relevant to understanding the demographic transition, because our model predicts that sibling competition becomes an important determinant of optimal interbirth intervals only when mortality is low, as in post-transition societies. We do not predict that these effects alone can select for menopause.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Sisters by gender, including both male and female populations. This dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Sisters across both sexes and to determine which sex constitutes the majority.

Key observations

There is a slight majority of female population, with 52.15% of total population being female. Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis. No further analysis is done on the data reported from the Census Bureau.

Variables / Data Columns

• Gender: This column displays the Gender (Male / Female)
• Population: The population of the gender in the Sisters is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each gender as a proportion of Sisters total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Sisters Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

Families of tax filers; Census families with children by age of children and children by age groups (final T1 Family File; T1FF).

Interactions among siblings fall on a continuum with competition and cooperation at opposite ends of the spectrum. Prior work on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides suggests that parental care shifts the balance between competition and cooperation by masking a density-dependent shift from cooperation to competition. However, these results should be interpreted with caution because they were based on correlational evidence for an association between larval density at dispersal and mean larval mass at dispersal. Here we test for a causal effect of the initial number of larvae in a brood on the larvae’s subsequent performance (i.e., survival and mass) in the absence of care. We find no effect of the initial larval density on mean larval mass. Thus, our results provide no evidence for sibling cooperation in the absence of care in this species. However, using larval density at dispersal as a predictor of mean larval mass at dispersal, there was a significant correlation between larval density and mean larval mass. Our study highlights the importance of using experimental designs that exclude confounding effects due to shared environmental conditions that otherwise could be misinterpreted as evidence for sibling cooperation.

Understanding dispersal behaviour and its determinants is critical for studies on life-history maximizing strategies. Although many studies have investigated the causes of dispersal, few have focused on the importance of sibship, despite that sibling interactions are predicted to lead to intrafamilial differences in dispersal patterns. Using a large demographic data set from pre-industrial Finland (n = 9000), we tested whether the sex-specific probability of dispersal depended on the presence of same-sex or opposite-sex elder siblings who can both compete and cooperate in the family. Overall, following our predictions, the presence of same-sex elder siblings increased the probability of dispersal from natal population for both sexes, whereas the number of opposite-sex siblings had less influence. Among males, dispersal was strongly linked to access to land resources. Female dispersal was mainly associated with competition over availability of mates but likely mediated by competition over access to wealthy mates rather mate availability per se. Besides ecological constraints, sibling interactions are strongly linked with dispersal decisions and need to be better considered in the studies on the evolution of family dynamics and fitness maximizing strategies in humans and other species.

There are estimated to be around 3.7 million one-child families in the United Kingdom as of 2023, with a further 3.38 million two-child families, and 1.18 million families that have three or more children.

Divides sibling groups into two groups: Those sibling groups where all siblings are in the same placement on August 31 and those who are not all together with an additional filter for sibling group size. In this context, siblings are defined as children in substitute care who were removed from the same household whether in the same, or separate, removal events.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective is to identify the variables that influence the impact of cancer on healthy siblings. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive and correlational study with 83 families of children with cancer. We used the “Questionnaire to Assess the Impact of the Children's Cancer on the Family”, “Social Support Satisfaction Scale”, “Graffar Scale” and “Apgar Scale”. Results: The results show a relation between social support (X²=5.031, gl=1, p=0.025), expenses (t=-2.009, gl=81, p=0.048), disease impact on family structure (t=-3.210, gl=81, p=0.002) and the impact of the disease on healthy siblings. Conclusion: Social support plays an important role in these families, especially in the impact of the disease on healthy siblings. Nurses should identify the support systems that families have available, as well as their family functionality and the implications for healthy siblings.