As of January 2025, there were a total of 566,723 specialty physicians active in the United States. Of these, most were specialized in emergency medicine. Physician compensation Significant pay variations exist across specialties and regions, with orthopedic doctors and surgeons command the highest average annual salaries at 558,000 U.S. dollars. Meanwhile, the West North Central area offers the highest average physician compensation at 404,000 U.S. dollars annually. This region's higher pay likely stems from lower physician density in rural areas, creating less competition. Interestingly, doctors in Northeastern and Southwestern parts of the United States tend to earn less than their counterparts in other regions. Burnout among physicians Despite high salaries, U.S. physicians face high workload and stress in the workplace. Nearly half of surveyed doctors reported feeling burnout, with higher burnout rates among female doctors, younger physicians, and those in primary care compared to their counterparts. More effort to combat burnout is needed in the healthcare system. Increasing compensation was cited by physicians as the top measure to alleviate burnout, followed by adding support staff and offering more flexible schedules.

The statistic displays the number of active physicians in the United States in 2021, based on specialty and age group. There were ***** physicians under the age of ** specializing in pain medicine and pain management.

In the United States, there were roughly 268 thousand primary care physicians (PCPs) actively working in 2021. Most PCPs were either specialized in family medicine or internal medicine. The third most common specialty for primary care physicians in the United States was pediatrics.

The number of male physicians outnumber female physicians in the U.S. in most specialties. The only major exceptions are found in pediatrics, child and adolescent psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology, although female physicians do slightly outnumber males in a few other specialties. As of 2021, there were around 68,400 male family medicine/general practice physicians compared to 50,000 women in this specialty.

Physicians in the U.S.

Both the number of doctors and rate of doctors in the U.S. have increased over the years. As of 2021, there were around 946,800 active doctors of medicine in the U.S. This was around 29.9 physicians per 10,000 civilian population. In 1995, this rate stood at 24.2 physicians per 10,000 population.

Physicians by state

The states with the highest overall number of active physicians are California, New York, Texas, and Florida. However, the states with the highest rate of physicians per 10,000 civilian population include Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Maryland. The District of Columbia has the highest rate of physicians by a large margin, with around 74.6 physicians per 10,000 population. The state with the highest annual compensation for physicians is Oklahoma, where physicians earn an annual average of 337,000 dollars.

The distribution of physicians across the United States reveals significant disparities, with California leading the pack at nearly ******* active doctors as of January 2025. This concentration of medical professionals in populous states highlights the ongoing challenge of ensuring adequate healthcare access nationwide. The stark contrast between California's physician count and Wyoming's mere ***** doctors underscores the need for targeted efforts to address healthcare workforce shortages in less populated areas. Primary care and specialist distribution California's dominance in the medical field extends beyond overall physician numbers. The state leads in both primary care physicians and specialists, accounting for over ** percent of each category nationally. This concentration of medical expertise in California reflects broader trends, with New York and Texas following as the states with the highest numbers of active primary care physicians. The distribution of specialists also mirrors national patterns, with psychiatry, surgery, and anaesthesiology among the most common specialties. Physician burnout While the number of physicians continues to grow, physician burnout remains a significant issue. There are large variations in rates of burnout depending on a physician's gender and specialty. For example, burnout is disproportionally high among women, affecting ** percent of female physicians and ** percent of male physicians. Meanwhile, emergency medicine physicians reported the highest levels of burnout among specialists, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to support the individual needs of doctors depending on their different circumstances.

The statistic displays the number of people per active physician in the United States in 2021, based on specialty. In that year there were 52,335 people per physician specializing in pain medicine and pain management. The largest number of active physicians are among primary care specialties such as internal medicine and general practice.

Active physician in the U.S.

Both federal and nonfederal physicians licensed by a state and working at least 20 hours a week are considered active. There is a large variety among practicing physicians in the United States based on specialties. In 2019, there were about 75,206 people per physician practicing interventional cardiology and about 1,429 people per pediatrician. Overall, there are 353 people per physician of all specialties.

There are also gross differences between practicing physicians based on specialty and both age group and gender. Nearly 92 percent of physicians practicing neurological surgery are males, and a 57 percent of physicians practicing obstetrics and gynecology are women. Overall, women make up about 35 percent of all physicians. Some 91 percent of physicians practicing internal medicine/pediatrics as well as 88 percent of doctors practicing interventional cardiology were under the age of 55.

More than half of the doctors practicing geriatric medicine in the United States obtained their medical education internationally. This includes outside of the United States, Puerto Rico, and Canada. To be able to practice in the United States, these doctors must be certified by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduate and complete a residency within the United States.

As of January 2025, the states with the highest number of active primary care physicians (PCPs) were California, New York, and Texas. As of that time, of the ******* PCPs in the United States, around ** percent were in the state of California. Physicians by specialty In the United States, the specialties with the highest number of active physicians include emergency medicine, psychiatry, surgery, and anaesthesiology. The most popular physician specialties in the state of California mirror this national trend. In 2024, California had over ***** psychiatrists and ***** surgeons. Physician burn-out Although being a physician can be a rewarding and lucrative profession, physicians often feel stressed and burned-out. In 2024, a survey of physicians in the U.S. found that ** percent of female and ** percent of male physicians felt burned out. Moreover, PCPs, employed physicians, and doctors aged 45 and under were more likely to be burned out than their counterparts.

In 2021, in some specialties, female primary care physicians (PCPs) were more common than men. Geriatrics and pediatrics were specialties where PCPs were predominantly female in the United States. For instance, two-thirds of PCPs who specialized in pediatrics were women. On the other hand, just 41 percent of PCPs who specialized in internal medicine in the U.S. were female in 2021.

The states with the most number of active physicians include California, New York, Texas, and Florida. California currently has the most number of active physicians of any U.S. state, with around 122963 physicians. In California, the specialties with the most physicians are psychiatry, emergency medicine, and anaesthesiology. Specialty areas In general, the most common specialty areas for physicians in the U.S. are emergency medicine, psychiatry, surgery, and anaesthesiology. As of 2024, there were around 58,900 psychiatrists in the U.S. Concerning the gender distribution of specialty physicians, males out number females in almost every specialty, with exceptions found in mainly in various pediatric disciplines, and obstetrics and gynecology. Compensation The specialty areas with the highest average annual compensation are plastic surgery, orthopedics, and cardiology. As of 2024, a physician in orthopedics earned an average of 558,000 U.S. dollars per year. Male physicians still earn more than their female counterparts in both primary care and specialty settings. This difference is especially large in specialty settings, where male physicians earn more than 100,000 dollars more per year than female physicians.

This table provides statistics on the Number of Full-Time Equivalent Physicians by Specialty, based on fee-for-service payments under the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan (AHCIP). This table is an Excel version of a table in the “Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan Statistical Supplement” report published annually by Alberta Health.

The U.S. Physician group market size was valued at USD 281.45 USD Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 383.01 USD Billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 4.5 % during the forecast period. A physician group or a medical group can be represented by any group of healthcare professionals who are engaged in the practice together, these groups are usually classified under single-speciality or multi-speciality groups. One speciality clinic is highly specialized in one medical area, providing the best care possible, the other multi-speciality clinics deliver wide services as one and may reduce or even eliminate the need for patients to travel to multiple clinics for different procedures and checkups. Features include common resources that are shared among providers, team-based care, and nearly always a unified approach to electronic health records. They play a notable role in achieving the healthcare goals of healthcare systems which include increasing healthcare efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing patient outcomes. The US healthcare market is now dominated by many groups that acquire other practices with the support of hospitals or private equity firms, in turn responding to Value-based Care and system integration Key drivers for this market are: Growing Cases of Orthopedic Injuries to Boost Market Progress. Potential restraints include: Surge in Employment of Physicians by Hospitals to Restrain Market Growth. Notable trends are: Increasing Number of Hospitals and ASCs Identified as Significant Market Trend.

The statistic displays the distribution of active physicians in the United States in 2021, based on specialty and gender. About 80 percent of physicians specializing in pain medicine and pain management are male and 20 percent are female. The largest number of active physicians are among primary care specialties such as internal medicine and general practice.

Specialty codes used to identify providers, number of active U.S. providers, and mean provider to population ratios.

The Unique Physician Identification Number (UPIN) Directory contains selected information on physicians, doctors of Osteopathy, limited licensed practitioners and some non-physician practitioners who are enrolled in the Medicare Program. The data elements in the file (UPIN, full name, specialty, Physician License State Code, zip code, Medicare provider billing number and State) are extracted from the UPIN Database and are approved for public release in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) System of Records.

Background: Open Paymentsis a United States federal program mandating reporting of medical industry payments to physicians, thereby increasing transparency of physician conflicts of interest (COI).Study objectives were to assess industry payments to physician-editors, and to compare their financial COI rate to all physicians within the specialty.

Methods and Findings: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, reviewing Open Paymentsfrom August 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016. We reviewed general payments ("payments… not made in connection with a research agreement") and research funding to "top tier" physician-editors of highly-cited medical journals. We compared payments to physician-editors and to physicians-by-specialty. In 35 journals, 333 (74.5%) of 447 "top tier" editors met inclusion criteria (US-based physician-editors). Of these, 212 (63.7%) received industry-associated payments in the study period. In an average year, 141 (42.3%) of physician-editors received any direct payments (to themselves rather than their institutions; includes general payments and research payments), 66 (19.8%) received direct payments >$5,000 (threshold designated by the National Institutes of Health as a Significant Financial Interest) and 51 (15.3%) received direct payments >$10,000. Mean annual general payments to physician-editors was $55,157 (median 3,512, standard deviation 561,885, range 10-10,981,153). Median general payments to physician-editors were mostly higher compared to all physicians within their specialty. Mean annual direct research payment to the physician-editor was $14,558 (median 4,000, standard deviation 34,471, range 15-174,440), and mean annual indirect research funding to the physician-editor's institution was $175,282 (median 49,107, standard deviation 479,480, range 0.18-5,000,000). The main study limitation was difficulty in identifying "top tier" physician-editors. Though we aimed to study physician-editors primarily responsible for making manuscript decisions, we were unable to confirm each editor's role.

Conclusions: A substantial minority of physician-editors receive payments from industry within any given year, and most editors received payment of some kind during the four-year study period. There were significant outliers. Given the extent of editors' influences on the medical literature, more robust and accessible editor financial COI declarations are recommended.

Data format and access

The database consists of full-text patient reviews, reflecting their dissatisfaction with healthcare quality. Materials in Russian have been posted in the «Review list» of the site infodoctor.ru. Publication period: July 2012 to August 2023. The database consists of 18,492 reviews covering 16 Russian cities with population of over one million. Data format: .xlsx.

Data access: 10.5281/zenodo.15257447

Data collection methodology

Based on the fact that negative reviews may be more reliable than positive ones, the authors carried out negative reviews from 16 Russian cities with a population of over one million, for which it was possible to collect representative samples (at least 1000 reviews for each city). We have extracted reviews from the one-star section of this site's guestbook, as they are reliably identified as negative. Duplicates were removed from the database. Personal data in comment texts have been replaced with "##########". The author's gender was determined manually based on his/her name or gender endings in the texts of reviews. Otherwise, we indicated "0" - gender cannot be determined.

For Moscow reviews, classification was carried out using manual markup methods - based on the majority of votes for the review class from 3 annotators (if at least one annotator indicated that it was impossible to determine, the review was classified as #N/A - impossible to clearly determine). For reviews from other cities, classification was made into 3 classes using machine learning methods based on logistic regression. The classification accuracy was 88%.

The medical specialties were distributed into large groups for the convenience of further analysis. The correspondence of medical specialties to large groups is presented in detail in Appendix 1.

Sample structure and description of variables

· CITY – the name of a city with a population of over a million (on a separate sheet – Moscow), the other 15 are Volgograd, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Perm, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, St. Petersburg, Ufa, Chelyabinsk

· TEXT – review text

· GENDER – gender of the review author (2 – female, 1 – male, 0 – cannot be determined)

· CLASS_1 – group of reasons for dissatisfaction with medical care (M – issues of medical content, O – issues of organizational support and economic aspect, C – mixed (combined) class, #N/A – cannot be clearly determined)[1]

· CLASS_2 – group of reasons for dissatisfaction with medical care (0 – issues of medical content, 1 – issues of organizational support and economic aspect, 2 – mixed (combined) class, #N/A – cannot be clearly determined)

· DAY – day of the month the review was posted

· MONTH – month the review was posted

· YEAR – year the review was posted

· DOCTOR_OR_CLINIC – what or who is the review dedicated to – the doctor or the clinic

· SPEC – physician specialty (for observations where the review is dedicated to the physician)

· GROUP_SPEC – a large group of a physician’s specialty

· ID – observation identifier

Database application

The data are suitable for analyzing patient dissatisfaction trends with medical services in Russia over the period from July 2012 to August 2023. This dataset could be particularly useful for healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers interested in understanding patient experiences and identifying areas for quality improvement in Russian healthcare. Some potential applications include:

• Analyzing geographic patterns of patient complaints across different cities in Russia
• Examining trends in patient dissatisfaction over time
• Identifying common reasons for dissatisfaction with medical care
• Comparing dissatisfaction levels between different medical specialties
• Assessing gender differences in patient complaints

The database provides rich qualitative data through full-text review texts, allowing for in-depth analysis of patient experiences. The structured variables like city, date, doctor/clinic information, etc. enable quantitative analysis as well. This combination of qualitative and quantitative data makes it possible to gain a comprehensive understanding of patient dissatisfaction patterns in Russia's healthcare system over more than a decade.

For researchers specifically interested in healthcare quality issues, this dataset could serve as an important resource for studying patient experiences and outcomes in Russia's medical system. The longitudinal nature of the data (2012-2023) also allows for analysis of changes over time in patient satisfaction.

Overall, this database provides valuable insights into patient perceptions of healthcare quality that could inform policy decisions, quality improvement

In the United States, there were roughly *** thousand primary care physicians (PCPs) actively working in 2022. Most PCPs were either specialized in family medicine or internal medicine. The ***** most common specialty for primary care physicians in the United States was pediatrics.

Every year, CMS will update the Open Payments data at least once after its initial publication. The refreshed data will include updates to data disputes and other data corrections made since the initial publication of this data documenting payments or transfers of value to physicians and teaching hospitals, and physician ownership and investment interests. This financial data is submitted by applicable manufacturers and applicable group purchasing organizations (GPOs). #### What data is collected? Applicable manufacturers and GPOs submit data to Open Payments about payments or other transfers of value between applicable manufacturers and GPOs and physicians or teaching hospitals: 1. Paid directly to physicians and teaching hospitals (known as direct payments) 2. Paid indirectly to physicians and teaching hospitals (known as indirect payments) through an intermediary such as a medical specialty society 3. Designated by physicians or teaching hospitals to be paid to another party (known

This dataset contains the industry payments and financial relationships with U.S. physicians from 432 for-profit companies that publically reported data. These data were derived from Kyruus, is a software-based solutions company that uses big data to optimize patient access and provider network operations for large health systems across the country. These data contain individual-level information on physicians’ financial relationships with industry in 2011, including companies from whom they received money, the monetary value of these interactions, and the reason for the financial tie (consulting, research funding, meals and travel, etc.). Additionally, these data include demographic information such as age, gender, medical specialty and primary location. We merged these individual-level data with institution-level data from the American Hospitals Association (AHA) 2011 Annual Survey (which has to be obtained independently due to liscense restrictions) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) 2011 publically searchable database. Kyruus provided permission for data sharing.

Abstract (en): This is the fourth round of the physician survey component of the Community Tracking Study (CTS). The first round was conducted in 1996-1997 (ICPSR 2597), the second round in 1998-1999 (ICPSR 3267), and the third in 2000-2001 (ICPSR 3820). Sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the CTS is a large-scale investigation of changes in the American health care system and their effects on people. As in the previous rounds, physicians were sampled in the 60 CTS sites: 51 metropolitan and 9 nonmetropolitan areas that were randomly selected to form the core of the CTS and to be representative of the nation as a whole. However, the fourth round lacks an independent supplemental national sample of physicians, which augmented the CTS site sample in the previous rounds. Information collected by the survey includes net income from the practice of medicine, year of birth, sex, race, Hispanic origin, year of graduation from medical school, specialty, board certification status, compensation model, patient mix (e.g., race/Hispanic origin of patients and percent with chronic conditions), career satisfaction, practice type, size, and ownership, percent of practice revenue from Medicare, Medicaid, or managed care, acceptance of new Medicaid and Medicare patients and, if applicable, reasons for not accepting them, use of information technology for care management, number of patient visits and hours worked in medically related activities during the last complete week of work, and the number of hours spent providing charity care in the last month. In addition, the survey elicited views on a number of issues such as patient-physician interactions, competition among practices, the influence of financial incentives on the quantity of services provided to patients, trends in the amount and quality of nursing support, one's ability to provide quality care and obtain needed services for patients, and the importance of various factors that may limit the quality of care. Part 3, the Site and County Crosswalk Data File, identifies the counties that constitute each CTS site. Part 4, Physician Survey Summary File, contains site-level estimates and standard errors for selected physician characteristics, e.g., the average age of physicians, the average percentage of patients with a formulary, and the percentage of physicians who said medical errors in hospitals are a minor problem. Physicians practicing in the contiguous United States who provided direct patient care for at least 20 hours per week. The survey excluded federal employees, specialists in fields in which the primary focus was not direct patient care, graduates of foreign medical schools who were only temporarily licensed to practice in the United States, physicians who had not completed their medical training (residents, interns, and fellows), and physicians who requested of the American Medical Association (AMA) that their names not be released to outsiders. Based on a sampling frame derived from the AMA Masterfile (which includes non-AMA members) and the American Osteopathic Association membership file, the sample design involved randomly selecting both physicians who were interviewed by the third round of the CTS Physician Survey and physicians who were not included in earlier rounds of the survey. Among the 6,628 physicians who were interviewed in round four, 4,428 also responded to round three. Only those physicians whose mailing address fell within the boundary of one of the 60 sites were selected for the survey. 2008-05-14 Stata setups were added to the collection. In addition, a missing value label for variable AP1 was added to the SPSS setup for the Restricted-Use Version of the Main Data File. Funding insitution(s): Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) Additional information about this study can be found at the Web site of the Center for Studying Health System Change.