Graph and download economic data for Employed full time: Median usual weekly nominal earnings (second quartile): Wage and salary workers: Registered nurses occupations: 16 years and over: Women (LEU0254754900A) from 2000 to 2024 about registered nurses, nursing, second quartile, occupation, females, full-time, salaries, workers, earnings, 16 years +, wages, median, employment, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Employed full time: Wage and salary workers: Registered nurses occupations: 16 years and over: Women (LEU0254701500A) from 2000 to 2024 about registered nurses, nursing, occupation, females, full-time, salaries, workers, 16 years +, wages, employment, and USA.

The average for 2020 based on 21 countries was 9.96 nurses per 1,000 people. The highest value was in Switzerland: 18.37 nurses per 1,000 people and the lowest value was in Latvia: 4.18 nurses per 1,000 people. The indicator is available from 1978 to 2021. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The average monthly wage for female specialists in professional, technical, and humanitarian fields in Saudi Arabia in 2019 was about 18 thousand Saudi riyals compared to 25.5 thousand Saudi riyals for males employed in this field.

Saudi labour market trends 

The Saudi female labor participation rate reached a record at more than 30 percent of the female population in the first half of 2020. In 2018, the majority of nurses in the country were female. The majority of the workforce is in the oil and gas industry as the economy is centered on oil and gas production. Following the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, many expatriate workers left the country after the tax raise.

Saudi Arabia education system development

Historically, Islamic facilities such as mosques and Kuttab supplied education to Saudi elites and wealthy families. Private institutions developed the educational system, and subsequently, high schools were established to educate pupils for university studies overseas. Literacy rates for males were as low as 15 percent, and considerably lower for females because they only had access to religious instruction. Saudi Arabia's education system remains gender-segregated, with women still attending colleges and educational institutions that are just for women. On average, both genders' graduation rates are very close; the percentage of female graduates was around 59 percent in 2019. Following the establishment of seven new institutions, notably Kind Saud University, in the mid-1990s, the country's tertiary education systems were diversified. By 2022, tertiary education enrolment was predicted to hit 1.9 million. The most often mentioned educational problems by both genders were the difficulty of studying, followed by the difficulty of getting to their schools and institutions.

The average for 2019 based on 2 countries was 1.6 nurse to bed ratio. The highest value was in Mexico: 2.29 nurse to bed ratio and the lowest value was in Turkey: 0.91 nurse to bed ratio. The indicator is available from 1980 to 2020. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Graph and download economic data for Employment Cost Index: Wages and salaries for Private industry workers in Nursing and residential care facilities (CIU2026230000000I) from Q1 2001 to Q1 2025 about ECI, salaries, workers, residential, private industries, wages, private, industry, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Employment Cost Index: Wages and salaries for All Civilian workers in Nursing and residential care facilities (CIU1026230000000I) from Q1 2001 to Q1 2025 about ECI, salaries, workers, civilian, residential, wages, and USA.

IntroductionTo determine the effect of parental participation in hospital care on neonatal and parental outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to identify the range of parental duties in the care of hospitalized neonates in LMICs.MethodsWe searched CINAHL, CENTRAL, LILACs, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to February 2022. Randomized and non-randomized studies from LMICs were eligible if parents performed one or more roles traditionally undertaken by healthcare staff. The primary outcome was hospital length-of-stay. Secondary outcomes included mortality, readmission, breastfeeding, growth, development and parental well-being. Data was extracted in duplicate by two independent reviewers using a piloted extraction form.ResultsEighteen studies (eight randomized and ten non-randomized) were included from seven middle-income countries. The types of parental participation included hygiene and infection prevention, feeding, monitoring and documentation, respiratory care, developmental care, medication administration and decision making. Meta-analyses showed that parental participation was not associated with hospital length-of-stay (MD −2.35, 95% CI −6.78–2.07). However, parental involvement was associated with decreased mortality (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22–0.95), increased breastfeeding (OR 2.97 95% CI 1.65–5.35) and decreased hospital readmission (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16–0.81). Narrative synthesis demonstrated additional benefits for growth, short-term neurodevelopment and parental well-being. Ten of the eighteen studies had a high risk of bias.ConclusionParental participation in neonatal hospital care is associated with improvement in several key neonatal outcomes in middle-income countries. The lack of data from low-income countries suggests that there remains barriers to parental participation in resource-poor settings.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=187562], identifier [CRD42020187562].

Background: Mentoring programs that include simulation, bedside mentoring, and didactic components are becoming increasingly popular to improve quality. These programs are designed with little evidence to inform the ideal composition of mentoring activities that would yield the greatest impact on provider skills and patient outcomes. We examined the association of number of maternal and neonatal emergency simulations performed with the diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and intrapartum asphyxia in real patients. Method: Prospective cohort. Between- and within-facility comparisons over time. Setting: 320 public facilities in the state of Bihar, India May 2015 – 2017. Participants: Deliveries and livebirths. Interventions: Mobile nurse-mentoring program with simulations, teamwork and communication activities, didactic teaching, demonstrations of clinical procedures and bedside mentoring including conducting deliveries. Nurse mentor pairs visited each facility for one week, covering ...

BackgroundThe World Health Organisation and palliative care stakeholders recommend that healthcare workers are educated in palliative care. Provision of high-quality palliative care is fundamental to nursing practice. However, caring for palliative care patients and meeting family needs is challenging without appropriate knowledge and experience. Palliative care education and clinical skill development for undergraduate student nurses is a priority to ensure graduate nurses are equipped with the knowledge and skill to deliver safe and competent care.MethodsA scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework was used to identify undergraduate student nurses’ palliative care education and preparation. A comprehensive literature search of five electronic databases and grey literature were conducted from January 2002 to December 2021. The aim was to review the empirical evidence and ascertain how undergraduate student nurses’ palliative care education is organised, facilitated, delivered and evaluated. Screening was performed independently by two reviewers against eligibility criteria with meetings to discuss included papers and form a consensus. Data was extracted and related to palliative care undergraduate student nurses’ education, educational model, methodology, key findings, and recommendations. Analysed and summarised data was mapped onto the four key review questions (educational models utilised, methods used to assess effectiveness, facilitators/barriers and gaps in the literature).Results34 papers met the criteria for this review. The review highlights that undergraduate nursing palliative care education is more evident in high income countries. Limited and diverse published research existing in low- and middle-income countries. Educational models utilised were theoretical and experiential learning and educational process, early integration and multiple learning methods which were highlighted as facilitating factors. However, crowded curricula, lack of palliative care clinical placement expertise, difficulty providing clinical placement, timing and delivery of palliative care and difficulty responding to simulated environments (manikins) were perceived barriers. Nevertheless, palliative care education can increase knowledge, positive attitude, self-confidence and adequate preparation of undergraduate student nurses.ConclusionThis review highlights that there is limited research regarding the timing and delivery of palliative care principles and practice in undergraduate student nurse education. Early integration of palliative care education impacts upon students perceived preparedness for practice and positively influences their attitudes to palliative care provision.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

To examine the nature, extent and implications of changes in general practice and doctor-patient relationships since 1964, when an earlier study `Patients and their doctors' was carried out.
Main Topics:

Attitudinal/Behavioural Questions
1. Patients
Includes: attitude to NHS, satisfaction with care received, subjective perception of health, reasons for changes of doctor in past 5 years, preference for group or single practice, whether regards doctor registered with as own doctor, preference for own doctor, no. of consultations/hospital visits/home visits in past year, qualities appreciated and lacking in doctor, importance of knowing doctor well, attitude to presence of students at consultation, preference for doctor of particular sex, attitude to appointments system/consulting by telephone/ deputising service/contact with receptionist/activities of nurse/regular check-ups, use of emergency service, expected treatment for specified ailments, use of and attitude to private practice, preference for home or hospital treatment in event of long-term illness or disability/for GP or hopital treatment for certain ailments. Whether blood-pressure ever taken, strength of desire for information, satisfaction with explanations given by doctor, willingness to consult with personal problems, assessment of GP's workload, whether worries about wasting doctor's time.
Details of consultations in past 2 weeks, anticipated treatment compared with actual treatment, satisfaction with length of consultation.
Details of medicine usage in past 2 weeks, extent of knowledge about usage and side-effects, desire for further information. Assessment of doctor's prescribing habits, attitude to prescription/consultancy payments, perception of changes in doctor-patient relationship and personal awareness of health matters in past 10 years, prestige rating of general practice. Details of consultations for children in past year, preference for GP or specialist in children's problems.
Satisfaction with GP, assessment of ease of changing doctor, knowledge of and attitude to organisations representing consumers' interests.
(Failure schedules were also compiled as in 835)
2. Doctors
Satisfaction with conditions of work in NHS; most desired change; access to NHS beds and diagnostic facilities; paid or honorary appointments held at hospital; adequacy of consultations with hospital staff re. admissions and discharges; enjoyable/frustrating aspects of general practice; proportion of consultations estimated as trivial; attitude to consultations for personal problems; distance from hospital; advantages and disadvantages of health centres; practice equipment; practices personally undertaken (e.g. stitching cuts, fitting IUDs); single or group practice; whether practice has trainees/medical students/deputising service/appointments system/secretaries or receptionists/nurses/other professionals: advantages and disadvantages of trainees/medical students/partnership appointments system/nurses from both doctors' and patients' point of view; activities of nurses and receptionists (i.e. whether should ask patients' reasons for visit); assessment of relationship with social services; importance of continuity of care (i.e. same doctor) for individual and whole family, whether should be more/less emphasis in future on home visiting/community care/health education/a team approach; desired changes in method of remuneration; length of time in general practice and with particular practice; changes in consultation rate/ proportion of home visits/prestige (in community and amongst profession)/doctor-patient relationship in past 10 years. Proportion of consultations would like to give more time to and which patients; opinion of GP's specialising in paediatrics; whether had specific GP training; best ways of keeping up to date; courses attended in last five years.
Background Variables
1. Patients
Age, marital status, school-leaving age, further education or training, employment and occupational status, country of origin (respondent and parents), length of residence in area.
2. Doctors
Age, sex, country of qualification, no. of partners, group practice allowance, whether works in health centre, list size, proportion of list 65+, type of area (NHS designation), whether GP trainer, qualifications. Some data from DHSS are included.

Women classified as ‘high risk’ or ‘complicated’ in pregnancy and childbirth have increased difficulty in accessing humanised care/humanisation in childbirth due to perceptions that this approach rejects the use of intervention and/or technology. Humanised care recognises the psychological and physical needs of women in pregnancy and birth. A mixed methods systematic review using a convergent segregated approach was undertaken using the Joanne Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. The objective of the review was to identify the presence of humanisation for women with high risk pregnancy and/or childbirth in high income countries. Studies were included if they measured humanisation and/or explored the perspectives of midwives, obstetricians, or nurses on humanisation for women classified as having a high-risk or complicated pregnancy or childbirth in a high income country. Qualitative data were analysed using a meta-aggregative approach and a narrative synthesis was completed for the quantitative data. All studies were assessed for their methodological quality using the MMAT tool. Four databases were searched, and nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1617 participants from nine countries were included. Three qualitative findings were synthesised, and a narrative synthesis of quantitative data was completed. The integration of qualitative and quantitative data identified complimentary findings on: (i) the importance of developing a harmonised relationship with women; (ii) increased time counselling women on their choices; and (iii) fear of professional reputational damage if caring outside of protocols. Negotiating with women outside of protocols may have a wider impact on the professional than first thought. Understanding how healthcare professionals individualise care for women at risk in labour requires further investigation.

In the three months to March 2025, average weekly earnings in the United Kingdom grew by 5.6 percent, while pay including bonuses grew by 5.5 percent, when compared with the same period leading to March 2024. In the same month, the inflation rate for the Consumer Price Index was 2.6 percent, indicating that wages were rising faster than prices that month. Average salaries in the UK In 2024, the average salary for full-time workers in the UK was 37,430 British pounds a year, up from 34,963 in the previous year. In London, the average annual salary was far higher than the rest of the country, at 47,455 pounds per year, compared with just 32,960 in North East England. There also still exists a noticeable gender pay gap in the UK, which was seven percent for full-time workers in 2024, down from 7.5 percent in 2023. Lastly, the monthly earnings of the top one percent in the UK was 15,887 pounds as of November 2024, far higher than even that of the average for the top five percent, who earned 7,641 pounds per month, while pay for the lowest 10 percent of earners was just 805 pounds per month. Waves of industrial action in the UK One of the main consequences of high inflation and low wage growth throughout 2022 and 2023 was an increase in industrial action in the UK. In December 2022, for example, there were approximately 830,000 working days lost due to labor disputes. Throughout this month, workers across various industry sectors were involved in industrial disputes, such as nurses, train drivers, and driving instructors. Many of the workers who took part in strikes were part of the UK's public sector, which saw far weaker wage growth than that of the private sector throughout 2022. Widespread industrial action continued into 2023, with approximately 303,000 workers involved in industrial disputes in March 2023. There was far less industrial action by 2024, however, due to settlements in many of the disputes, although some are ongoing as of 2025.

IntroductionStrikes in the health sector have been of growing concern, given their disruptive nature, negatively impacting the provision of health care and jeopardizing the well-being of patients. This study aims to identify the main actors, the reasons behind industrial actions protests, strikes and lockouts (IAPSL) in sub-Saharan African countries and their impact on health care workers (specifically doctors) and health services, as well as to identify the main strategies adopted to reduce their impact on healthcare services.MethodsStudies published between January 2000 and December 2021 and archived in MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, ProQuest, and Science Direct were included. Quantitative, observational (i.e., cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, and ecological) and experimental studies, as well as mixed methods, quasi-experimental, and qualitative studies were eligibleResultsA total of 5521 studies were identified and after eliminating duplicates, applying the inclusion criteria, and assessing the risk of bias, a total of 11 studies were included in the review. Nurses and doctors are the actors most commonly involved in strikes. The main causes of strikes were salary claims and poor working conditions. The main strategies adopted to mitigate the strike consequences were to restrict services and prioritize emergency and chronic care, greater cooperation with the private sector and rearrange tasks of the available staff. The strikes led to a reduction in hospitalizations and in the number of women giving birth in health units, an increase in maternal and child morbidities and delays in the immunization process. Increased mortality was only reported in faith-based hospitals.DiscussionThis evidence can assist decision-makers in developing strategies and interventions to address IAPSL by health care workers, contributing to strengthen the health system. Strikes in the health sector disrupt healthcare services provision and compromise the well-being of patients, especially the most disadvantaged, with consequences that may be difficult to overcome ever. The potential health impacts of strikes highlights the importance of their prevention or timely resolution through regulation and negotiations to balance the rights of health care workers and the rights of patients.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=334173, identifier CRD42022334173.

BackgroundThe World Health Organisation and palliative care stakeholders recommend that healthcare workers are educated in palliative care. Provision of high-quality palliative care is fundamental to nursing practice. However, caring for palliative care patients and meeting family needs is challenging without appropriate knowledge and experience. Palliative care education and clinical skill development for undergraduate student nurses is a priority to ensure graduate nurses are equipped with the knowledge and skill to deliver safe and competent care.MethodsA scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework was used to identify undergraduate student nurses’ palliative care education and preparation. A comprehensive literature search of five electronic databases and grey literature were conducted from January 2002 to December 2021. The aim was to review the empirical evidence and ascertain how undergraduate student nurses’ palliative care education is organised, facilitated, delivered and evaluated. Screening was performed independently by two reviewers against eligibility criteria with meetings to discuss included papers and form a consensus. Data was extracted and related to palliative care undergraduate student nurses’ education, educational model, methodology, key findings, and recommendations. Analysed and summarised data was mapped onto the four key review questions (educational models utilised, methods used to assess effectiveness, facilitators/barriers and gaps in the literature).Results34 papers met the criteria for this review. The review highlights that undergraduate nursing palliative care education is more evident in high income countries. Limited and diverse published research existing in low- and middle-income countries. Educational models utilised were theoretical and experiential learning and educational process, early integration and multiple learning methods which were highlighted as facilitating factors. However, crowded curricula, lack of palliative care clinical placement expertise, difficulty providing clinical placement, timing and delivery of palliative care and difficulty responding to simulated environments (manikins) were perceived barriers. Nevertheless, palliative care education can increase knowledge, positive attitude, self-confidence and adequate preparation of undergraduate student nurses.ConclusionThis review highlights that there is limited research regarding the timing and delivery of palliative care principles and practice in undergraduate student nurse education. Early integration of palliative care education impacts upon students perceived preparedness for practice and positively influences their attitudes to palliative care provision.

Women classified as ‘high risk’ or ‘complicated’ in pregnancy and childbirth have increased difficulty in accessing humanised care/humanisation in childbirth due to perceptions that this approach rejects the use of intervention and/or technology. Humanised care recognises the psychological and physical needs of women in pregnancy and birth. A mixed methods systematic review using a convergent segregated approach was undertaken using the Joanne Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. The objective of the review was to identify the presence of humanisation for women with high risk pregnancy and/or childbirth in high income countries. Studies were included if they measured humanisation and/or explored the perspectives of midwives, obstetricians, or nurses on humanisation for women classified as having a high-risk or complicated pregnancy or childbirth in a high income country. Qualitative data were analysed using a meta-aggregative approach and a narrative synthesis was completed for the quantitative data. All studies were assessed for their methodological quality using the MMAT tool. Four databases were searched, and nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1617 participants from nine countries were included. Three qualitative findings were synthesised, and a narrative synthesis of quantitative data was completed. The integration of qualitative and quantitative data identified complimentary findings on: (i) the importance of developing a harmonised relationship with women; (ii) increased time counselling women on their choices; and (iii) fear of professional reputational damage if caring outside of protocols. Negotiating with women outside of protocols may have a wider impact on the professional than first thought. Understanding how healthcare professionals individualise care for women at risk in labour requires further investigation.

Results of univariate and multivariable analysis of predictors of burnout among medical and nursing students.

Graph and download economic data for Employed full time: Median usual weekly nominal earnings (second quartile): Wage and salary workers: Nurse midwives occupations: 16 years and over (LEU0257869700A) from 2011 to 2011 about nursing, second quartile, occupation, full-time, salaries, workers, earnings, 16 years +, wages, median, employment, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Employed full time: Wage and salary workers: Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides occupations: 16 years and over: Men (LEU0254597000A) from 2000 to 2019 about psychiatric, nursing, occupation, full-time, males, health, salaries, workers, 16 years +, wages, housing, employment, and USA.

Hand hygiene (HH) can reduce transmission of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in healthcare facilities and is especially important in low- and middle-income countries where HH infrastructure may be insufficient and the burden of HAIs is highest. At baseline, we assessed HH infrastructure and practices among healthcare workers (HCWs) at two large hospitals in the Dominican Republic during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCWs were observed for HH adherence (HHA) (defined as the use of alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) or handwashing with soap and water) before and after patient contact and donning new gloves before patient contact. The baseline assessment was repeated following implementation of local production and distribution of ABHR and a HH promotion campaign. Descriptive analyses and regression models evaluated predictors of HHA and glove use. Cumulative HHA was 18.9%. While patient-care areas with a functional HH resource increased from 47% at baseline to 92% after the intervention, HHA declined from 23.0% to 16.7%. HHA was higher after patient contact (aOR = 5.88; 95% CI = 4.17–8.33), during a period of increased COVID-19 risk (aOR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.05–2.77), during invasive patient contacts (aOR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.23–2.17) and when gloves were not used (aOR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.01–1.56). The negative association between glove use and HHA diminished when access to HH resources increased. New gloves were donned before 39.6% of patient contacts. Glove use was higher among nurses (aOR = 7.12; 95% CI = 3.02–16.79) and during invasive contacts (aOR = 4.76; 95% CI = 2.27–10.0). While access to HH resources increased after the interventions, HHA did not increase. HHA was lower when COVID-19 risk was lower. Findings from this study may guide future efforts to increase HHA among HCWs.