The Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) was founded in 2000 under the Census of Marine Life. It is now a programme component of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) programme of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. OBIS aims to be the most comprehensive data and information gateway on the diversity, distribution and abundance of marine life to support its Member States in achieving a healthy and resilient ocean ecosystem. The OBIS network consists of over 30 regional and thematic nodes, and provides access to more than 5,000 datasets published by hundreds of organizations such as research institutions, government agencies, and citizen science platforms.

The dataset comprises occurrencies of the selected phyla and classes / subclasses for the Walvis Ridge Project AOI. This data has been extracted from OBIS database on July 20th, 2022. The download covered the full OBIS database (4,506,727 records). The OBIS database is available for download at: https://obis.org/ More information about OBIS: https://obis.org/about/

Ocean Biogeographic Information System USA (OBIS-USA) aims to include all available marine data from USA sources (programs, institutions, and people), all available data about marine species in USA waters, which include portions of the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico, and data of special interest to USA researchers, for example from polar expeditions and other remote areas. The NBII OBIS-USA portal brings data together for USA waters and research programs, ensuring consistency, quality, and usability in the region. To search this extensive USA marine database click on the link below.

Subset of the original biotic inventory of the Gulf of Mexico, only containing marine mammal, seabird and/or sea turtle records.

The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) is a global open-access data and information clearing-house on marine biodiversity for science, conservation and sustainable development.

OBIS-USA provides aggregated, interoperable biogeographic data collected primarily from U.S. waters and oceanic regions--the Arctic, the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes. It provides access to datasets from state and federal agencies as well as educational and research institutions. OBIS-USA handles both specimen-based data and survey results. Survey data come from recovered archives and current research activities. The datasets document where and when species were observed or collected, bringing together marine biogeographic data that are spatially, taxonomically, and temporally comprehensive. The public OBIS-USA site (http://www.usgs.gov/obis-usa) provides actual data contents as well as summary data about what is contained in each dataset to assist users in evaluating suitability for use. Current functionality allows the user to locate, view, and aggregate the datasets and FGDC compliant metadata as well as to view and search the taxonomic, geographic, and temporal extent. To promote data interoperability, the data are available in accordance with the marine-focused implementation of the Darwin Core data standard. In addition to basic download functions (tab-delimited), OBIS-USA offers web services for query flexibility and a wide range of output formats, such as kml, NetCDF, MATLAB, json, and graph or map output, to enable diverse types of scientific and geospatial data use and analysis platforms and products. OBIS-USA's two web services (ERDDAP and GeoServer) enable integration of OBIS-USA biogeographic data with other data types, such as seafloor geology, physical oceanography, water chemistry, and climate data. The NOAA Environmental Research Division Data Access Program(ERRDDAP) enables users to query scientific data by flexible parameters and obtain output in many formats. Access can be found at http://www1.usgs.gov/erddap/tabledap/AllMBG.html . OBIS-USA uses the tabledap component of ERDDAP to access Darwin-Core-type tabular spatial data; tabledap is a superset of the OPeNDAP DAP constraint protocol. OBIS-USA offers an ESRI REST Service with access to Darwin-Core-type point data at http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OBISUSA/OBIS_USA_All_Marine_Biogeographic_Records/MapServer/ and an OGC compliant Web Mapping Service (wms) http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/services/OBISUSA/OBIS_USA_All_Marine_Biogeographic_Records/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS. OBIS-USA and collaborators are further deploying the Darwin Core standard to capture richer information, such as absence and abundance, observations on effort, individual tracking, and more advanced biogeography capabilities. Data are accepted into OBIS-USA from the data originator or holder, minimizing the burden on the participant. OBIS-USA works with data providers to understand the best process to transfer the data, review the data prior to their release, gather comprehensive metadata, and then allow public access to this information. Becoming part of the OBIS-USA network is intended to have tangible benefits for participants, for example, freeing the participant from responding to requests for data and alleviating security concerns since users do not directly access the participant's computers.

The Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System (MedOBIS) is a distributed system that allows you to search multiple datasets simultaneously for biogeographic information on marine organisms. AccConID=21 AccConstrDescription=This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. AccConstrDisplay=This dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. AccConstrEN=Attribution (CC BY) AccessConstraint=Attribution (CC BY) AccessConstraints=None Acronym=MedOBIS added_date=2004-12-17 13:02:51 BrackishFlag=0 CDate=2004-12-07 cdm_data_type=Other CheckedFlag=1 Citation=Hellenic Centre For Marine Research, MedOBIS - Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research; Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics; Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Department, Heraklion, Greece. Http://www.medobis.org/ Comments=None ContactEmail=arvanitidis@her.hcmr.gr Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 CurrencyDate=None DasID=481 DasOrigin=Data collection DasType=Data DasTypeID=1 DateLastModified={'date': '2025-07-05 01:35:14.159606', 'timezone_type': 1, 'timezone': '+02:00'} DescrCompFlag=0 DescrTransFlag=0 Easternmost_Easting=35.38 EmbargoDate=None EngAbstract=The Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System (MedOBIS) is a distributed system that allows you to search multiple datasets simultaneously for biogeographic information on marine organisms. EngDescr=An attempt to collect, format, analyse and disseminate surveyed marine biological data deriving from the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea region is currently under development at the Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR, Greece). The effort has been supported by the MedOBIS project (Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System) and has been carried out in cooperation with the Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki (Greece), the National Institute of Oceanography (Israel) and the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (Ukraine). The aim is to develop a taxon-based biogeography database and online data server with a link to survey and provide satellite environmental data. In its completion, the MedOBIS online marine biological data system (http://www.medobis.org/) will be a single source of biological and environmental data (raw and analysed) as well as an online GIS tool for access of historical and current data by marine researchers. It will function as the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea node of EurOBIS (the European node of the International OBIS initiative, part of the Census of Marine Life).

The spatial component of data has led to the integration of datasets by means of the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The latter is widely used as the natural framework for spatial data handling. GIS serves as the basic technological infrastructure for several online marine biodiversity databases available on the Internet today. Developments like OBIS (Ocean Biodiversity Information System, http://www.iobis.org/), OBIS-SEAMAP (Spatial Ecological Analysis of Megavertebrate Populations, http://seamap.env.duke.edu) and FIGIS (FAO Fisheries Global Information System, http://www.fao.org/fi/figis) facilitate the study of anthropogenic impacts on threatened species, enhance our ability to test biogeographic and biodiversity models, support modeling efforts to predict distribution changes in response to environmental change and develop a strong potential for the public outreach component. In addition, such online database systems provide a broader view of marine biodiversity problems and allow the development of management practices that are based on synthetic analysis of interdisciplinary data.

Towards this end, a new online marine biological information system is developed. MedOBIS (Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System) intends to assemble, formulate and disseminate marine biological data for the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea regions focusing on the assurance and longevity of historical surveyed data, the assembly of current and new information and the dissemination of raw and integrated biological and environmental data and future products through the Internet.

To provide a taxon-based search capability to the MedOBIS development, the sampling data as well as the relevant spatial data are stored in the database, so taxonomic data can be linked with the geographical data by queries. To reference each species to its location on the map, the database queries are stored and added to the applet as individual layers. A search function written in JavaScript searches the attribute data of that layer, displays the results in a separate window and marks the matching stations on the map. Finally, selecting several stations by drawing a zooming rectangle on the map provides a list with predefined themes from which the user may select more information.

As more data will be assembled in time-series databases, an additional future work will include the development of MedOBIS data analysis phase, which is planned to include GIS modeling/mapping of species-environment interactions. FreshFlag=0 GBIF_UUID=83bede10-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a geospatial_lat_max=45.7 geospatial_lat_min=31.89 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=35.38 geospatial_lon_min=12.3 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east infoUrl=None InputNotes=S:\datac\original datasets\Marbef\Europe\EurOBIS\MedOBIS[481]\medobis_masterbase.mdb institution=HCMR License=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Lineage=Prior to publication data undergo quality control checked which are described in https://github.com/EMODnet/EMODnetBiocheck?tab=readme-ov-file#understanding-the-output MarineFlag=1 modified_sync=2021-02-04 00:00:00 Northernmost_Northing=45.7 OrigAbstract=None OrigDescr=None OrigDescrLang=None OrigDescrLangNL=None OrigLangCode=None OrigLangCodeExtended=None OrigLangID=None OrigTitle=None OrigTitleLang=None OrigTitleLangCode=None OrigTitleLangID=None OrigTitleLangNL=None Progress=In Progress PublicFlag=1 ReleaseDate=Dec 17 2004 12:00AM ReleaseDate0=2004-12-17 RevisionDate=None SizeReference=2953 species; 776 stations sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=31.89 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v70 StandardTitle=Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System StatusID=1 subsetVariables=ScientificName,aphia_id TerrestrialFlag=0 UDate=2025-03-26 VersionDate=Dec 7 2004 12:00AM VersionDay=7 VersionMonth=12 VersionName=1 VersionYear=2004 VlizCoreFlag=1 Westernmost_Easting=12.3

This dataset includes marine biological occurrence data managed by the Ocean Biodiversity Information System USA (OBIS-USA). The data were observed between 1833 and 2025-01-23. These data were last updated by OBIS-USA on 2025-06-25 and were received by NCEI on 2025-06-26. OBIS-USA brings together marine biological occurrence data – recorded observations of identifiable marine species at a known time and place, collected primarily from U.S. waters or with U.S. funding. Coordinated by the Science Analytics and Synthesis (SAS) program of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), OBIS-USA, strives to meet national data integration and dissemination needs for marine data about organisms and ecosystems. OBIS-USA is part of an international data sharing network (Ocean Biogeographic Information System, OBIS) coordinated by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Science and Cultural Organization) International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange. Federal coordination is done in collaboration with the participants of the ad hoc Biodiversity working group organized under the Interagency Working Group on Ocean Partnerships Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology.

The Puget Sound Zooplankton Monitoring Program (PSZMP) is an ongoing collaborative effort involving tribal, county, state, federal, academic, and non-profit organizations working in and around the Salish Sea. The program began in 2014 and is designed to assist efforts in 1) understanding how changes in the local vs oceanic physical environment translate up the food web in Puget Sound, and 2) measuring how the prey field of salmon and other fishes varies spatio-temporally and correlates with fish survival. Samples are collected at 16 sites across Puget Sound on either a bi-weekly or monthly , depending on the sampling group and season. Vertical tows of a ring net are conducted to capture zooplankton throughout the depth of the water column. Oblique tows of a bongo net are used to sample larger, more motile zooplankton inhabiting the upper 30 m of the water column. After collection, zooplankton are quantitatively subsampled and microscopically counted, with zooplankton densities and biomass computed. All individuals are identified to species or larger taxonomic grouping, and by life stages for some species, within each sample.

Number of species reported exclusively for the five subregions of South America from the OBIS database.

Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) is a marine biogeographic information system. It concentrates on datasets that record particular species (or higher taxonomic groups) from particular marine locations, at particular times. At present, OBIS can only publish data where the locations are recorded as latitude and longitude, not as place names. The focus is on high taxonomic quality, therefore datasets where organisms have been identified by professional or trained biologists are available online.

This link provides a gateway to many datasets containing information on where and when marine species have been recorded. The datasets are integrated so you can search them all seamlessly by species name, higher taxonomic level, geographic area, depth, and time; and then map and find environmental data related to the locations. Currrently it stores over 16.4 million records of 104 000 species from 492 databases.

FishBase is a large information system with key information for all fishes of the world: summaries, photos, and maps plus detailed standardized data on population dynamics, reproduction, trophic ecology, morphology, physiology genetics and other topics. FishBase is supported and supervised by a consortium of currently 8 international institutes and organizations (see www.fishbase.org/home.htm). Data encoding and programming is done mostly by a group of specialists in the Philippines. However, there are also over 1000 partners all over the world who contribute photos and data and check entries for accuracy. FishBase is available for free in monthly online updates and also on CD ROM and DVDs for a modest fee.

description: Species occurrence records of the taxonomic class of Bivalvia in oceans within 1000 kilometers of the United States shoreline. This is a subset of the OBIS-USA dataset where Bivalvia records were queried on December 2, 2014. After initial queries, the remaining data were further queried to retain only samples within 1000 kilometers of the U.S. shoreline. Spatial queries were then used to remove samples overlaying land masses. Data are provided in a geodatabase format, as well as a comma seperated values format. OBIS-USA provides aggregated, interoperable biogeographic data collected primarily from U.S. waters and oceanic regions--the Arctic, the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes. It provides access to datasets from state and federal agencies as well as educational and research institutions. OBIS-USA handles both specimen-based data and survey results. Survey data come from recovered archives and current research activities. The datasets document where and when species were observed or collected, bringing together marine biogeographic data that are spatially, taxonomically, and temporally comprehensive. The public OBIS-USA site (http://www.usgs.gov/obis-usa) provides actual data contents as well as summary data about what is contained in each dataset to assist users in evaluating suitability for use. Current functionality allows the user to locate, view, and aggregate the datasets and FGDC compliant metadata as well as to view and search the taxonomic, geographic, and temporal extent. To promote data interoperability, the data are available in accordance with the marine-focused implementation of the Darwin Core data standard. In addition to basic download functions (tab-delimited), OBIS-USA offers web services for query flexibility and a wide range of output formats, such as kml, NetCDF, MATLAB, json, and graph or map output, to enable diverse types of scientific and geospatial data use and analysis platforms and products. OBIS-USA's two web services (ERDDAP and GeoServer) enable integration of OBIS-USA biogeographic data with other data types, such as seafloor geology, physical oceanography, water chemistry, and climate data. The NOAA Environmental Research Division Data Access Program(ERRDDAP) enables users to query scientific data by flexible parameters and obtain output in many formats. Access can be found at http://www1.usgs.gov/erddap/tabledap/AllMBG.html. OBIS-USA uses the tabledap component of ERDDAP to access Darwin-Core-type tabular spatial data; tabledap is a superset of the OPeNDAP DAP constraint protocol. OBIS-USA offers an ESRI REST Service with access to Darwin-Core-type point data at http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OBISUSA/OBIS_USA_All_Marine_Biogeographic_Records/MapServer/ and an OGC compliant Web Mapping Service (wms) http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/services/OBISUSA/OBIS_USA_All_Marine_Biogeographic_Records/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS. OBIS-USA and collaborators are further deploying the Darwin Core standard to capture richer information, such as absence and abundance, observations on effort, individual tracking, and more advanced biogeography capabilities. Data are accepted into OBIS-USA from the data originator or holder, minimizing the burden on the participant. OBIS-USA works with data providers to understand the best process to transfer the data, review the data prior to their release, gather comprehensive metadata, and then allow public access to this information. Becoming part of the OBIS-USA network is intended to have tangible benefits for participants, for example, freeing the participant from responding to requests for data and alleviating security concerns since users do not directly access the participant's computers.; abstract: Species occurrence records of the taxonomic class of Bivalvia in oceans within 1000 kilometers of the United States shoreline. This is a subset of the OBIS-USA dataset where Bivalvia records were queried on December 2, 2014. After initial queries, the remaining data were further queried to retain only samples within 1000 kilometers of the U.S. shoreline. Spatial queries were then used to remove samples overlaying land masses. Data are provided in a geodatabase format, as well as a comma seperated values format. OBIS-USA provides aggregated, interoperable biogeographic data collected primarily from U.S. waters and oceanic regions--the Arctic, the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes. It provides access to datasets from state and federal agencies as well as educational and research institutions. OBIS-USA handles both specimen-based data and survey results. Survey data come from recovered archives and current research activities. The datasets document where and when species were observed or collected, bringing together marine biogeographic data that are spatially, taxonomically, and temporally comprehensive. The public OBIS-USA site (http://www.usgs.gov/obis-usa) provides actual data contents as well as summary data about what is contained in each dataset to assist users in evaluating suitability for use. Current functionality allows the user to locate, view, and aggregate the datasets and FGDC compliant metadata as well as to view and search the taxonomic, geographic, and temporal extent. To promote data interoperability, the data are available in accordance with the marine-focused implementation of the Darwin Core data standard. In addition to basic download functions (tab-delimited), OBIS-USA offers web services for query flexibility and a wide range of output formats, such as kml, NetCDF, MATLAB, json, and graph or map output, to enable diverse types of scientific and geospatial data use and analysis platforms and products. OBIS-USA's two web services (ERDDAP and GeoServer) enable integration of OBIS-USA biogeographic data with other data types, such as seafloor geology, physical oceanography, water chemistry, and climate data. The NOAA Environmental Research Division Data Access Program(ERRDDAP) enables users to query scientific data by flexible parameters and obtain output in many formats. Access can be found at http://www1.usgs.gov/erddap/tabledap/AllMBG.html. OBIS-USA uses the tabledap component of ERDDAP to access Darwin-Core-type tabular spatial data; tabledap is a superset of the OPeNDAP DAP constraint protocol. OBIS-USA offers an ESRI REST Service with access to Darwin-Core-type point data at http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OBISUSA/OBIS_USA_All_Marine_Biogeographic_Records/MapServer/ and an OGC compliant Web Mapping Service (wms) http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/services/OBISUSA/OBIS_USA_All_Marine_Biogeographic_Records/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS. OBIS-USA and collaborators are further deploying the Darwin Core standard to capture richer information, such as absence and abundance, observations on effort, individual tracking, and more advanced biogeography capabilities. Data are accepted into OBIS-USA from the data originator or holder, minimizing the burden on the participant. OBIS-USA works with data providers to understand the best process to transfer the data, review the data prior to their release, gather comprehensive metadata, and then allow public access to this information. Becoming part of the OBIS-USA network is intended to have tangible benefits for participants, for example, freeing the participant from responding to requests for data and alleviating security concerns since users do not directly access the participant's computers.

The Spatial Ecological Analysis of Marine Megavertebrate Populations (SEAMAP) initiative, a node of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), has developed a digital database of geo-referenced marine mammal, seabird and sea turtle distribution and abundance data.

SEAMAP seeks to augment the public understanding of the ecology of marine megavertebrates by: (1) facilitating study of potential impacts on threatened species; (2) enhancing our ability to test hypotheses about biogeographic and biodiversity models, and (3) supporting modeling efforts to predict distributional changes in response to environmental change. To enhance the research and educational applications of this database, SEAMAP provides a broad array of products (e.g., tabular information, maps and explicit survey meta-data) and services (e.g., web-based query, visualization and analysis tools).

Additionally, because this publicly-available system is intended for a broad audience of educators, students, resource managers and researchers, SEAMAP is integrating this digital database with educational products and analytical tools. The OBIS-SEAMAP system takes advantage of recent technological advances to facilitate the development of new community-based data commons for biogeographic and conservation research. To date the database includes more one-million marine mammal, bird and turtle observation records from over 180 datasets.

All global records with record depths of 30 m and deeper were downloaded from the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS). Following methods described in Bridges and Howell (2025), data were segregated into benthic and pelagic datasets using advanced statistical techniques. For the full methodology, please see Bridges and Howell (2025). For the code to rerun the segregation pipeline on new datasets, please see: https://github.com/ameliabridges/Bridges-Howell_OA_repo_pipeline.

Datasets are available as separate CSV files, or TIFF files where the total number of records are binned into 1x1degree cells.

Bridges, A.E.H. and Howell, K.L. In press. Prioritisation of ocean biodiversity data collection to deliver a sustainable ocean. Nature Communications Earth and Environment.

This is an OBIS formatted version of the Fisheries and Oceans Canada Maritimes Region Whale Sightings Database for visual sightings of cetaceans (e.g. whales, dolphins and porpoises) mostly from the Scotian Shelf/Bay of Fundy portions of Canada's east coast, as well as the Gulf of St. Lawrence in recent years. The collectors of these sightings are diverse (e.g. NGO researchers, fisheries observers, private consultants, etc.), mostly on-board ships and mostly collected since the late 1990s.

The horizontal resolution of the data (e.g. distance between sightings) varies by a vast amount - just metres in some areas like the Bay of Fundy, and tens to thousands of kilometers elsewhere, like off northern Labrador. A small portion of the database are standardized marine mammal survey data, where a line transect sightings survey is conducted and sightings effort is logged. Only these survey data allow for the calculation of Sightings Per Unit Effort and the use of Distance Sampling methods, leading to a statistically-based, unbiased abundance estimate. This information is not provided in this resource.

This resource contains presence information only. No absences are recorded.

The design and structure of the main project database is consistent with other DFO databases and with the University of Rhode Island (URI) whale sightings database. Departures from the URI standard (mainly species and gear codes) are easily translated by users of either database.

This database is a compilation of a number of datasets, most of the data being gathered opportunistically. More detailed information on the individual sightings, human interactions, and animal behaviour are available from the source database and the resource creator should be contacted.

Ocean Biogeographic Information System Spatial Ecological Analysis of Megavertebrate Populations (OBIS-SEAMAP), is a spatially referenced online database, aggregating marine mammal, seabird and sea turtle data from across the globe. The collection is a node of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) and can be searched and visualized through a set of advanced online mapping applications. This service is made possible by contributions from data providers all over the world. A list of all data providers using OBIS-SEAMAP is provided in the link below. To access relevant data click on the desired organisation and follow their data links.

Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Service Protocol: Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Application Profile: Web Browser. Link Function: information

This is the final occurrence record dataset produced for the manuscript "Depth Matters for Marine Biodiversity". Detailed methods for the creation of the dataset, below, have been excerpted from Appendix I: Extended Methods. Detailed citations for the occurrence datasets from which these data were derived can also be foud in Appedix I of the manuscript.

We assembled a list of all recognized species of fishes from the orders Scombiformes (sensu Betancur-R et al., 2017), Gadiformes, and Beloniformes by accessing FishBase (Boettiger et al., 2012; Froese & Pauly, 2017) and the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS; OBIS, 2022; Provoost & Bosch, 2019) through queries in R (R Core Team, 2021). Species were considered Atlantic if their FishBase distribution or occurrence records on OBIS included any area within the Atlantic or Mediterranean major fishing regions as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO Regions 21, 27, 31, 34, 37, 41, 47, and 48; FAO, 2020) The database query script can be found on the project code repository (https://github.com/hannahlowens/3DFishRichness/blob/main/1_OccurrenceSearch.R). We then curated the list of names to resolve discrepancies in taxonomy and known distributions through comparison with the Eschmeyer Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2015), accessed in September of 2020, as our ultimate taxonomic authority. The resulting list of species was then mapped onto the Global Biodiversity Information Facility’s backbone taxonomy (Chamberlain et al., 2021; GBIF, 2020a) to ensure taxonomic concurrence across databases (Appendix I Table 1). The final taxonomic list was used to download occurrence records from OBIS (OBIS, 2022) and GBIF (GBIF, 2020b) in R through robis and occCite (Chamberlain et al., 2020; Provoost & Bosch, 2019; Owens et al., 2021).

Once the resulting data were mapped and curated to remove records with putatively spurious coordinates, under-sampled regions and species were augmented with data from publicly available digital museum collection databases not served through OBIS or GBIF, as well as a literature search. For each species, duplicate points were removed from two- and three-dimensional species occurrence datasets separately, and inaccurate depth records were removed from 3D datasets. Inaccuracy was determined based on extreme statistical outliers (values greater than 2 or less than -2 when occurrence depths were centered and scaled), depth ranges that exceeded bathymetry at occurrence coordinates, and occurrence far outside known depth ranges compared to information from FishBase, Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes, and congeneric depth ranges in the dataset. Finally, for datasets with more than 20 points remaining after cleaning, occurrence data were downsampled to the resolution of the environmental data; that is, to 1 point per 1 degree grid cell in the 2D dataset, and to one point per depth slice per 1 degree grid cell in the 3D dataset. Counts of raw and cleaned records for each species can be found in Appendix 1 Table 1.

References:

Betancur-R, R., Wiley, E. O., Arratia, G., Acero, A., Bailly, N., Miya, M., Lecointre, G., & Ortí, G. (2017). Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 17(1), 162. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3

Boettiger, C., Lang, D. T., & Wainwright, P. C. (2012). rfishbase: exploring, manipulating and visualizing FishBase data from R. Journal of Fish Biology, 81(6), 2030–2039. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03464.x

Chamberlain, S., Barve, V., McGlinn, D., Oldoni, D., Desmet, P., Geffert, L., & Ram, K. (2021). rgbif: Interface to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility API. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rgbif

Eschmeyer, & Fricke, W. N. &. (2015). Taxonomic checklist of fish species listed in the CITES Appendices and EC Regulation 338/97 (Elasmobranchii, Actinopteri, Coelacanthi, and Dipneusti, except the genus Hippocampus). Catalog of Fishes, Electronic Version. Accessed September, 2020. https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/projects/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes

FAO. (2020). FAO Major Fishing Areas. United Nations Fisheries and Aquaculture Division. https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/collection/area

Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2017). FishBase. Accessed September, 2022. www.fishbase.org

GBIF.org. (2020a). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Accessed September, 2020. GBIF.org

GBIF.org. (2020b). GBIF Occurrence Download. Accessed November, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15468

OBIS. (2020). Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. Accessed November, 2020. www.obis.org

Owens, H. L., Merow, C., Maitner, B. S., Kass, J. M., Barve, V., & Guralnick, R. P. (2021). occCite: Tools for querying and managing large biodiversity occurrence datasets. Ecography, 44(8), 1228–1235. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05618

Provoost, P., & Bosch, S. (2019). robis: R Client to access data from the OBIS API. https://cran.r-project.org/package=robis

R Core Team. (2021). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/

This is the OBIS version of the Atlantic Reference Centre museum database for Canadian Atlantic marine organisms. Specimens represent invertebrates from sponges to tunicates, and fishes. The ichthyoplankton collection is the most extensive, with complete holdings from many scientific broad-scale surveys. Geographic coverage is the Arctic to Cape Cod and the coast to the slope water. Temporally, most specimens were collected from the 1960s to the present.