World Ocean Database 2009 (WOD09) is a collection of scientifically quality-controlled ocean profile and plankton data that includes measurements of temperature, salinity, oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, silicate, chlorophyll, alkalinity, pH, pCO2, TCO2, Tritium, delta-13Carbon, delta-14Carbon, delta-18Oxygen, Freons, Helium, delta-3Helium, Neon, and plankton. A discussion of data sources is provided. Data are both historical and modern with the most recent data from 2008.World Ocean Database 2009 is an update of World Ocean Database 2005. It expands on the older version by including new variables, data types, and additional historical, as well as modern, observations. It contains all data from earliest observation through our collection as of Dec. 31, 2009. The 2009 database, updated from the 2005 edition, is significantly larger providing approximately 9.1 million temperature profiles and 3.5 million salinity reports. The 2009 database also captures 29 categories of scientific information from the oceans, including oxygen levels and chemical tracers, plus information on gases and isotopes that can be used to trace the movement of ocean currents. An online version of the World Ocean Database is updated quarterly. This subset of the World Ocean Database contains the biological observations only.

This collection contains the Global Ocean Currents Database (GOCD). The GOCD is an NCEI Standard Product, and is derived from datasets archived at NCEI that contain in situ ocean current data from a diverse range of instruments, collection protocols, processing methods, and data storage formats. For acceptance into the GOCD, the data meet quality control requirements and have thorough documentation. The GOCD merges the variety of original formats into an NCEI standard network common data form (netCDF) format. From the shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler sets, the GOCD creates files that hold single vertical ocean currents profiles. The GOCD includes data collected from 1962-09-30 to 2013-12-23.

This data product is composed of data from 724 scientific cruises covering the global ocean. It includes data assembled during the previous interior ocean data synthesis efforts GLODAPv1.1 (Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 1.1) in 2004, CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic) in 2009/2010, and PACIFICA (PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon) in 2013, as well as data from an additional 168 cruises. This dataset includes discrete bottle measurements of salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4, carbon isotopes and chlorophyll. These data have been subjected to extensive primary and secondary quality control which included systematic evaluation of bias, and adjustments have been applied to remove significant biases, respecting occurrences of any known or likely time trends or variations.

This dataset includes subsurface ocean profiles of temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, ocean tracers, optics, and biology (chlorophyll, plankton) taken from 1772 to 2023 in the global ocean using bottles, CTD, XBT, MBT, profiling floats, moored buoys, ice drifting buoys, gliders, towed profilers, and instrumented pinnipeds. This dataset was prepared at NCEI in CF compliant netCDF ragged array format under the direction of the International Quality-controlled Ocean Database (IQuOD) project. The IQuOD effort is being organized by the oceanographic community, and includes experts in data quality and management, climate modelers and the broader climate-related community. The primary focus of IQuOD is to produce and freely distribute the highest quality and complete single ocean profile repository along with (intelligent) metadata and assigned uncertainties for use in ocean climate research applications. This goal will be achieved by developing and implementing an internationally agreed framework. IQuOD v0.1 is a preliminary dataset which includes uncertainties on each temperature measurement and intelligent metadata for identifying critical missing information.

MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key instrument aboard the Terra (originally known as EOS AM-1) and Aqua (originally known as EOS PM-1) satellites. Terra's orbit around the Earth is timed so that it passes from north to south across the equator in the morning, while Aqua passes south to north over the equator in the afternoon. Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS are viewing the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands, or groups of wavelengths (see MODIS Technical Specifications). These data will improve our understanding of global dynamics and processes occurring on the land, in the oceans, and in the lower atmosphere. MODIS is playing a vital role in the development of validated, global, interactive Earth system models able to predict global change accurately enough to assist policy makers in making sound decisions concerning the protection of our environment.

Terra NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group; (2014): MODIS-Terra Ocean Color Data; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group. http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/TERRA/MODIS_OC.2014.0 Accessed on 07/28/2015.

Aqua NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group; (2014): MODIS-Aqua Ocean Color Data; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group. http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/AQUA/MODIS_OC.2014.0 Accessed on 07/28/2015.

The map is designed to be used as a basemap by marine GIS professionals and as a reference map by anyone interested in ocean data. The basemap focuses on bathymetry. It also includes inland waters and roads, overlaid on land cover and shaded relief imagery.The Ocean Base map currently provides coverage for the world down to a scale of ~1:577k; coverage down to ~1:72k in United States coastal areas and various other areas; and coverage down to ~1:9k in limited regional areas.The World Ocean Reference is designed to be drawn on top of this map and provides selected city labels throughout the world. This web map lets you view the World Ocean Base with the Reference service drawn on top. Article in the Fall 2011 ArcUser about this basemap: "A Foundation for Ocean GIS".The map was compiled from a variety of best available sources from several data providers, including General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans GEBCO_08 Grid version 20100927 and IHO-IOC GEBCO Gazetteer of Undersea Feature Names August 2010 version (https://www.gebco.net), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Geographic for the oceans; and Garmin, and Esri for topographic content. You can contribute your bathymetric data to this service and have it served by Esri for the benefit of the Ocean GIS community. For details on the users who contributed bathymetric data for this map via the Community Maps Program, view the list of Contributors for the Ocean Basemap. The basemap was designed and developed by Esri. The GEBCO_08 Grid is largely based on a database of ship-track soundings with interpolation between soundings guided by satellite-derived gravity data. In some areas, data from existing grids are included. The GEBCO_08 Grid does not contain detailed information in shallower water areas, information concerning the generation of the grid can be found on GEBCO's website: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/. The GEBCO_08 Grid is accompanied by a Source Identifier (SID) Grid which indicates which cells in the GEBCO_08 Grid are based on soundings or existing grids and which have been interpolated. The latest version of both grids and accompanying documentation is available to download, on behalf of GEBCO, from the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/online_delivery/gebco/.The names of the IHO (International Hydrographic Organization), IOC (intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission), GEBCO (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans), NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) or BODC (British Oceanographic Data Centre) may not be used in any way to imply, directly or otherwise, endorsement or support of either the Licensee or their mapping system.Tip: Here are some famous oceanic locations as they appear this map. Each URL launches this map at a particular location via parameters specified in the URL: Challenger Deep, Galapagos Islands, Hawaiian Islands, Maldive Islands, Mariana Trench, Tahiti, Queen Charlotte Sound, Notre Dame Bay, Labrador Trough, New York Bight, Massachusetts Bay, Mississippi Sound

Since the first release of WOD98, the staff of the Ocean Climate Laboratory have performed additional quality control on the database. Version 2.0 also includes Ocean Data View (ODV) software developed by R. Schlitzer. (ODV software will uncompress selected data files and offers users several options for viewing the WOD98 data.)

The Ocean Climate Laboratory (OCL) of NOAA's National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) has completed the first major phase of a project to update previous releases of global oceanographic data. World Ocean Database 1998 (WOD98) expands on World Ocean Atlas 1994 (WOA94) by including the additional variables nitrite, pH, alkalinity, chlorophyll, and plankton, as well as all available metadata and meteorology. WOD98 v.2 is an International Year of the Ocean product. The World Ocean Database 1998 Version 2(WOD98 v.2) is comprised of five CD-ROMs containing profile and plankton/biomass data in compressed format.

WOD98-01 v.2 through WOD98-04 v.2 contain observed level data; WOD98-05 v.2 contains all the standard level data.

WOD98-01 v.2 Observed Level Data; North Atlantic 30° N-90° N; WOD98-02 v.2 Observed Level Data; North Atlantic 0°-30° N, South Atlantic; WOD98-03 v2. Observed Level Data; North Pacific 20° N-90° N; WOD98-01 v.2 Observed Level Data; North Pacific 0°-20° N; South Pacific, Indian; WOD98-01 v.2 Standard Level Data for all Ocean Basins.

Copies of the World Ocean Atlas 1998 (WOA98) version 2 CD-ROMs are no longer available from the NODC online store, but each disc may be downloaded from this NODC accession.

Software that was developed or provided with this NODC Standard Product may be included in the disc_image/ directory as part of the disc image, but software that was developed or provided with this NODC Standard Product have been excluded from the disc_contents/ directory.

This dataset contains large scale ocean data obtained during TOGA COARE.

The GODAS dataset is a real-time ocean analysis and a reanalysis. It is used for monitoring, retrospective analysis as well as for providing oceanic initial conditions for the CFS. Both temperature and synthetic salinity profiles are assimilated in a 3DVAR scheme designed by Derber and Rosati (1989). 40 vertical levels are in the model together with 1x1 data values (enhanced in resolution to 1/3x1/3 degrees latitude within 10 degrees of the equator). The data is provided at 1/3x1/3 degrees for all latitudes. The GODAS is forced by the momentum flux, heat flux and fresh water flux from the NCEP atmospheric Reanalysis 2.

OSCAR (Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real-time) contains near-surface ocean current estimates, derived using quasi-linear and steady flow momentum equations. The horizontal velocity is directly estimated from sea surface height, surface vector wind and sea surface temperature. These data were collected from the various satellites and in situ instruments. The model formulation combines geostrophic, Ekman and Stommel shear dynamics, and a complementary term from the surface buoyancy gradient. Data are on a 1/3 degree grid with a 5 day resolution. OSCAR is generated by Earth Space Research (ESR) https://www.esr.org/research/oscar/oscar-surface-currents/. This collection contains data in yearly files. For 5-day files, see https://doi.org/10.5067/OSCAR-03D01

Major wind driven ocean currents of the world for display at global scale. Currents are color coded to indicate warm and cold currents.

description: This Atlas presents more than 80,000 plots of the empirical frequency distributions of temperature and salinity for each 5-degree square area of the North Atlantic Ocean (80N to 30S) at all standard depth levels based on World Ocean Database 1998 data. Additional empirical statistical plots include the mean and standard deviation based on the arithmetic mean, the median and Median Absolute Deviation (MAD), winsorized estimates of the mean and standard deviation, quartiles, and skewness estimated from the quartiles. Some of these statistics are presented in both "normalized" and "natural" coordinates. Disc 1 contains seasonal distributions for the upper (0 m to 400 m) ocean. Disc 2 contains annual distributions for the deep (500 m - 5500 m) ocean. Copies of these discs are no longer available from the NODC Online Store.; abstract: This Atlas presents more than 80,000 plots of the empirical frequency distributions of temperature and salinity for each 5-degree square area of the North Atlantic Ocean (80N to 30S) at all standard depth levels based on World Ocean Database 1998 data. Additional empirical statistical plots include the mean and standard deviation based on the arithmetic mean, the median and Median Absolute Deviation (MAD), winsorized estimates of the mean and standard deviation, quartiles, and skewness estimated from the quartiles. Some of these statistics are presented in both "normalized" and "natural" coordinates. Disc 1 contains seasonal distributions for the upper (0 m to 400 m) ocean. Disc 2 contains annual distributions for the deep (500 m - 5500 m) ocean. Copies of these discs are no longer available from the NODC Online Store.

The SDC_GLO_CLIM_TS_V1 product contains two different monthly climatologies for temperature and salinity, SDC_GLO_CLIM_TS_V1_1 and SDC_GLO_CLIM_TS_V1_2 from the World Ocean Data (WOD) database. Only the basic quality control flags from the WOD are used. The climatology, V1_1, considers temperature and salinity profiles from Conductivity Depth Temperature (CTD) profilers, Ocean station data (OSD) and Moored buoy data (MRB) along with Profiling Floats (PFL) from 1900 to 2017. The climatology, V1_2, utilizes only PFL data from 2003 to 2017. V1_1 considers depth layers from surface to 6000 m while V1_2 only from 0 to 2000 m. The gridded fields are computed using DIVAnd (Data Interpolating Variational Analysis) version 2.3.1.

World Ocean Database 2001 (WOD01) is comprised of 8 CD-ROMs and contains in situ profile data such as temperature, salinity, nutrients, oxygen, chlorophyll, plankton biomass data and more. It is an update to the World Ocean Database 1998, plus it contains some new parameters.

Some changes since WOD98: - addition and specification of data from undulating oceanographic recorders, profiling floats, drifting buoys, moored buoys, surface only data, and autonomous pinniped bathythermograph data; - addition of carbon variables to the database; - submitter-defined data quality flags received as part of data submissions are now kept in the database; - modifications to the data format.

Copies of these discs are no longer available via the NODC Online Store.

GLORYS produces and distributes global ocean reanalyses at eddy-permitting (1/4°) resolution that aim to describe the mean and time-varying state of the ocean circulation, including a part of the mesoscale eddy field, over recent past decades with a focus on the period since when satellite altimetry measurements of sea level provide reliable information on ocean eddies (i.e. from 1993 to present).

This is purely a description of the forcing dataset used within the MARine Virtual Laboratory (MARVL).

The average global ocean pH has fallen from 8.11 in 1985 to 8.05 in 2020. A decline in pH corresponds to an increase in the acidity of ocean water due to an increasing amount of dissolved carbon dioxide in marine waters.

NCEI Accession 0157754 includes chemical, meteorological, physical and time series data collected from MOORING_EXPLORATORIUM_122W_37N in the Coastal Waters of California from 2013-05-08 to 2014-09-01. These data include AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE, BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, OXYGEN - PERCENT SATURATION, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY and SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE. The instruments used to collect these data include Bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, Humidity Sensor, oxygen meter and thermosalinographs. These data were collected by Adrienne Sutton, Christopher Sabine, Stacy Maenner and Sylvia Musielewicz of US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The Global CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project involves international groups from 18 countries who have mounted sensors on moored buoys to provide high resolution time-series measurements of atmospheric boundary layer and surface ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). The CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project is coordinated by UNESCO International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP).

description: World Ocean Atlas 2005 (1 disc) The WOA05 contains data files of objectively analyzed climatologies and related statistical fields of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU), percent oxygen saturation, phosphate, nitrate, and silicate for the world ocean. The data are available in two different ASCII formats (native gridded format and comma separated value format) on the DVD. The data used to generate these statistics are available on DVD as the World Ocean Database 2005 (WOD05). An online version of the World Ocean Atlas is also available at https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA05/pr_woa05.html. Copies of the World Ocean Atlas 2005 publications DVD are currently available via the NCEI Online Store at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/nespls/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=5597. World Ocean Atlas 2005 Figures (3 discs) World Ocean Atlas 2005 Figures (WOA05F) contains a collection of "JPEG" and high resolution "PDF" images of objectively analyzed fields and statistics generated from the World Ocean Atlas 2005. The ocean variables included in the atlas are: Disc 1: Temperature and Salinity Disc 2: Oxygen (dissolved oxygen, apparent oxygen utilization, and percent oxygen saturation) Disc 3: Dissolved inorganic nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, and silicate) The World Ocean Atlas 2005 Figures DVDs are currently available via the NCEI Online Store at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/nespls/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=5593.; abstract: World Ocean Atlas 2005 (1 disc) The WOA05 contains data files of objectively analyzed climatologies and related statistical fields of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU), percent oxygen saturation, phosphate, nitrate, and silicate for the world ocean. The data are available in two different ASCII formats (native gridded format and comma separated value format) on the DVD. The data used to generate these statistics are available on DVD as the World Ocean Database 2005 (WOD05). An online version of the World Ocean Atlas is also available at https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA05/pr_woa05.html. Copies of the World Ocean Atlas 2005 publications DVD are currently available via the NCEI Online Store at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/nespls/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=5597. World Ocean Atlas 2005 Figures (3 discs) World Ocean Atlas 2005 Figures (WOA05F) contains a collection of "JPEG" and high resolution "PDF" images of objectively analyzed fields and statistics generated from the World Ocean Atlas 2005. The ocean variables included in the atlas are: Disc 1: Temperature and Salinity Disc 2: Oxygen (dissolved oxygen, apparent oxygen utilization, and percent oxygen saturation) Disc 3: Dissolved inorganic nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, and silicate) The World Ocean Atlas 2005 Figures DVDs are currently available via the NCEI Online Store at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/nespls/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=5593.

Overview

The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) is a global ocean marine meteorological and surface ocean dataset. It is formed by merging many national and international data sources that contain measurements and visual observations from ships (merchant, navy, research), moored and drifting buoys, coastal stations, and other marine and near-surface ocean platforms. Each marine report contains individual observations of meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, wind, pressure, humidity, and cloudiness. The coverage is global and sampling density varies depending on date and geographic position relative to shipping routes and ocean observing systems.

Content

The ICOADS dataset contains global marine data from ships (merchant, navy, research) and buoys, each capturing details according to the current weather or ocean conditions (wave height, sea temperature, wind speed, and so on). Each record contains the exact location of the observation which is great for visualizations. The historical depth of the data is quite comprehensive — There are records going back to 1662!

Querying BigQuery tables

You can use the BigQuery Python client library to query tables in this dataset in Kernels. Note that methods available in Kernels are limited to querying data. Tables are at bigquery-public-data.github_repos.[TABLENAME]. Fork this kernel to get started to learn how to safely manage analyzing large BigQuery datasets.

Acknowledgements

Dataset Source: NOAA Category: Meteorological, Climate, Transportation

Citation: National Centers for Environmental Information/NESDIS/NOAA/U.S. Department of Commerce, Research Data Archive/Computational and Information Systems Laboratory/National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Earth System Research Laboratory/NOAA/U.S. Department of Commerce, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences/University of Colorado, National Oceanography Centre/Natural Environment Research Council/United Kingdom, Met Office/Ministry of Defence/United Kingdom, Deutscher Wetterdienst (German Meteorological Service)/Germany, Department of Atmospheric Science/University of Washington, and Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies/Florida State University. 2016, updated monthly. International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Release 3, Individual Observations. Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory: https://doi.org/10.5065/D6ZS2TR3. Accessed 01 04 2017.

Use: This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source - http://www.data.gov/privacy-policy#data_policy — and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Photo by Gleb Kozenko on Unsplash