The quantitative assessment of policy instruments aimed at climate change mitigation requires the rigorous identification of abnormal changes in greenhouse gas emissions. We present a new dataset of robust level changes in greenhouse gas emissions that cannot be explained by aggregate socioeconomic fluctuations. Modern methods of structural break identification based on two-way fixed effects models are employed to estimate the size of significant level changes in emissions. The resulting dataset spans information for all OECD countries and all 37 IPCC sectors, ranging from 1995 to 2022. The data unveils large differences in abnormal changes in emissions across gases, countries and sectors, as well as over time. Our resulting data can be applied to a broad range of research questions, including the analysis of the comparative efficacy of policy instruments to mitigate climate change.

China Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data was reported at 78.090 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 77.569 % for 2020. China Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 65.747 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 78.166 % in 2018 and a record low of 30.723 % in 1991. China Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.

The research delves into the underexplored area of how production network structures influence the severity of economic downturns, particularly during the last financial crisis. Utilizing the RSTAN database from the OECD, we meticulously derived critical measures from the input-output matrices for 61 economies. Our methodology entailed a panel analysis spanning from 2008 to 2010, which is a period marked by significant recessionary pressures. This analysis aimed to correlate economic performance with various production network metrics, taking into account control factors such as interest rates and the prevalence of service sectors. The findings reveal a noteworthy positive correlation between the density of production networks and economic resilience during the crisis, which remained consistent across multiple model specifications. Conversely, as anticipated, higher interest rates were linked to poorer economic performance, highlighting the critical interplay between monetary policy and economic outcomes during periods of financial instability. Given these insights, we propose a policy recommendation emphasizing the strategic enhancement of production network density as a potential buffer against economic downturns. This approach suggests that policymakers should consider the structural aspects of production networks in designing economic stability and growth strategies, thus potentially mitigating the impacts of future financial crises.

Main Topics: The data are estimates of total factor productivity (estimated using the Levinsohn-Petrin method) for UK firms over the period 1995 to 2008. There are 8,001 firms giving a total sample of 31,927 observations. The data were constructed as a retrospective sampling of the balance sheet data deposited at Companies House and accessed through the Financial Analysis Made Easy (FAME) database (produced by Bureau Van Dijk). The sampling weights (not included) were taken from the OECD Structural and Demographic Business Database for 2003. The data are representative of the size-distribution within each industry and across industries. The industry composition covers the manufacturing and services sectors (NACE 15-93) (NACE is derived from the French title 'Nomenclature generale des Activites economiques dans les Communautes Europeennes' and is the acronym used to cover statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community). The corporate tax data are the statutory corporate tax rate for the UK. Along with a firm, industry (NACE) and year indicator the data include a measure of total factor productivity (TFP); TFP growth; the level of TFP relative to the industry frontier (measured by the TFP of the firm at the 95th percentile of TFP in each year) and employment. Random sampling from Financial Analysis Made Easy (FAME) database, produced by Bureau Van Dijk) Compilation or synthesis of existing material

Since the publication of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for skin sensitization, there have been many efforts to develop systematic approaches to integrate the information generated from different key events for decision making. The types of information characterizing key events in an AOP can be generated from in silico, in chemico, in vitro or in vivo approaches. Integration of this information and interpretation for decision making are known as integrated approaches to testing and assessment or IATA. One such IATA that has been developed was published by Jaworska et al (2013) which describes a Bayesian network model known as ITS-2. The current work evaluated the performance of ITS-2 using a stratified cross validation approach. We also characterized the impact of refinements to the network by replacing the most significant component, the output from a commercial expert system TIMES-SS with structural alert information readily generated from the freely available OECD QSAR Toolbox. Lack of any structural alert flags or TIMES-SS predictions, yielded a sensitization potential prediction of 79% +3%/-4%. If the TIMES-SS prediction was replaced by an indicator for the presence of a structural alert, the network predictivity increased to 84% +2%/-4%, which was only slightly less than found for the original network (89% ±2%). The local applicability domain of the original ITS-2 network was also evaluated using reaction mechanistic domains to better understand what types of chemicals ITS-2 was able to make the best predictions for – i.e. a local validity domain analysis. We ultimately found that the original network was successful at predicting which chemicals would be sensitizers, but not at predicting their relative potency. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Fitzpatrick, J., and G. Patlewicz. (SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH) Application of IATA - A case study in evaluating the global and local performance of a Bayesian Network model for Skin Sensitization. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. Taylor & Francis, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 28(4): 297-310, (2017).

China Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data was reported at 3.083 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.910 Per 1000 for 2020. China Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 1.487 Per 1000 from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.083 Per 1000 in 2021 and a record low of 0.673 Per 1000 in 1998. China Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.