Declassified satellite images provide an important worldwide record of land-surface change. With the success of the first release of classified satellite photography in 1995, images from U.S. military intelligence satellites KH-7 and KH-9 were declassified in accordance with Executive Order 12951 in 2002. The data were originally used for cartographic information and reconnaissance for U.S. intelligence agencies. Since the images could be of historical value for global change research and were no longer critical to national security, the collection was made available to the public. Keyhole (KH) satellite systems KH-7 and KH-9 acquired photographs of the Earth’s surface with a telescopic camera system and transported the exposed film through the use of recovery capsules. The capsules or buckets were de-orbited and retrieved by aircraft while the capsules parachuted to earth. The exposed film was developed and the images were analyzed for a range of military applications. The KH-7 surveillance system was a high resolution imaging system that was operational from July 1963 to June 1967. Approximately 18,000 black-and-white images and 230 color images are available from the 38 missions flown during this program. Key features for this program were larger area of coverage and improved ground resolution. The cameras acquired imagery in continuous lengthwise sweeps of the terrain. KH-7 images are 9 inches wide, vary in length from 4 inches to 500 feet long, and have a resolution of 2 to 4 feet. The KH-9 mapping program was operational from March 1973 to October 1980 and was designed to support mapping requirements and exact positioning of geographical points for the military. This was accomplished by using image overlap for stereo coverage and by using a camera system with a reseau grid to correct image distortion. The KH-9 framing cameras produced 9 x 18 inch imagery at a resolution of 20-30 feet. Approximately 29,000 mapping images were acquired from 12 missions. The original film sources are maintained by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Duplicate film sources held in the USGS EROS Center archive are used to produce digital copies of the imagery.

This data set contains high-resolution QuickBird imagery and geospatial data for the entire Barrow QuickBird image area (156.15° W - 157.07° W, 71.15° N - 71.41° N) and Barrow B4 Quadrangle (156.29° W - 156.89° W, 71.25° N - 71.40° N), for use in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing software. The original QuickBird data sets were acquired by DigitalGlobe from 1 to 2 August 2002, and consist of orthorectified satellite imagery. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)-compliant metadata for all value-added data sets are provided in text, HTML, and XML formats.

Accessory layers include: 1:250,000- and 1:63,360-scale USGS Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) mosaic images (GeoTIFF format); 1:250,000- and 1:63,360-scale USGS quadrangle index maps (ESRI Shapefile format); an index map for the 62 QuickBird tiles (ESRI Shapefile format); and a simple polygon layer of the extent of the Barrow QuickBird image area and the Barrow B4 quadrangle area (ESRI Shapefile format).

Unmodified QuickBird data comprise 62 data tiles in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 4 in GeoTIFF format. Standard release files describing the QuickBird data are included, along with the DigitalGlobe license agreement and product handbooks.

The baseline geospatial data support education, outreach, and multi-disciplinary research of environmental change in Barrow, which is an area of focused scientific interest. Data are provided on four DVDs. This product is available only to investigators funded specifically from the National Science Foundation (NSF), Office of Polar Programs (OPP), Arctic Sciences Section. An NSF OPP award number must be provided when ordering this data. Contact NSIDC User Services at nsidc@nsidc.org to order the data, and include an NSF OPP award number in the email.

Images and 4-class labels for semantic segmentation of Sentinel-2 and Landsat RGB, NIR, and SWIR satellite images of coasts (water, whitewater, sediment, other)

Description

579 images and 579 associated labels for semantic segmentation of Sentinel-2 and Landsat RGB satellite images of coasts. The 4 classes are 0=water, 1=whitewater, 2=sediment, 3=other

These images and labels have been made using the Doodleverse software package, Doodler*. These images and labels could be used within numerous Machine Learning frameworks for image segmentation, but have specifically been made for use with the Doodleverse software package, Segmentation Gym**.

Some (422) of these images and labels were originally included in the Coast Train*** data release, and have been modified from their original by reclassifying from the original classes to the present 4 classes.

The label images are a subset of the following data release**** https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7335647

Imagery comes from the following 10 sand beach sites:

1. Duck, NC, Hatteras NC, USA
2. Santa Cruz CA, USA
3. Galveston TX, USA
4. Truc Vert,France
5. Sunset State Beach CA, USA
6. Torrey Pines CA, USA
7. Narrabeen, NSW, Australia
8. Elwha WA, USA
9. Ventura region, CA, USA
10. Klamath region, CA USA

Imagery are a mixture of 10-m Sentinel-2 and 15-m pansharpened Landsat 7, 8, and 9 visible-band imagery of various sizes. Red, Green, Blue, NIR, and SWIR bands only

File descriptions

1. classes.txt, a file containing the class names
2. images.zip, a zipped folder containing the 3-band RGB images of varying sizes and extents
3. nir.zip, a zipped folder containing the corresponding near-infrared (NIR) imagery
4. swir.zip, a zipped folder containing the corresponding shortwave-infrared (SWIR) imagery
5. labels.zip, a zipped folder containing the 1-band label images
6. overlays.zip, a zipped folder containing a semi-transparent overlay of the color-coded label on the image (blue=0=water, red=1=whitewater, yellow=2=sediment, green=3=other)
7. resized_images.zip, RGB images resized to 512x512x3 pixels
8. resized_nir.zip, NIR images resized to 512x512x3 pixels
9. resized_swir.zip, SWIR images resized to 512x512x3 pixels
10. resized_labels.zip, label images resized to 512x512 pixels

References

*Doodler: Buscombe, D., Goldstein, E.B., Sherwood, C.R., Bodine, C., Brown, J.A., Favela, J., Fitzpatrick, S., Kranenburg, C.J., Over, J.R., Ritchie, A.C. and Warrick, J.A., 2021. Human‐in‐the‐Loop Segmentation of Earth Surface Imagery. Earth and Space Science, p.e2021EA002085https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA002085. See https://github.com/Doodleverse/dash_doodler.

**Segmentation Gym: Buscombe, D., & Goldstein, E. B. (2022). A reproducible and reusable pipeline for segmentation of geoscientific imagery. Earth and Space Science, 9, e2022EA002332. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002332 See: https://github.com/Doodleverse/segmentation_gym

***Coast Train data release: Wernette, P.A., Buscombe, D.D., Favela, J., Fitzpatrick, S., and Goldstein E., 2022, Coast Train--Labeled imagery for training and evaluation of data-driven models for image segmentation: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P91NP87I. See https://coasttrain.github.io/CoastTrain/ for more information

**** Buscombe, Daniel, Goldstein, Evan, Bernier, Julie, Bosse, Stephen, Colacicco, Rosa, Corak, Nick, Fitzpatrick, Sharon, del Jesús González Guillén, Anais, Ku, Venus, Paprocki, Julie, Platt, Lindsay, Steele, Bethel, Wright, Kyle, & Yasin, Brandon. (2022). Images and 4-class labels for semantic segmentation of Sentinel-2 and Landsat RGB satellite images of coasts (water, whitewater, sediment, other) (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7335647

The first generation of U.S. photo intelligence satellites collected more than 860,000 images of the Earth’s surface between 1960 and 1972. The classified military satellite systems code-named CORONA, ARGON, and LANYARD acquired photographic images from space and returned the film to Earth for processing and analysis. The images were originally used for reconnaissance and to produce maps for U.S. intelligence agencies. In 1992, an Environmental Task Force evaluated the application of early satellite data for environmental studies. Since the CORONA, ARGON, and LANYARD data were no longer critical to national security and could be of historical value for global change research, the images were declassified by Executive Order 12951 in 1995. The first successful CORONA mission was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in 1960. The satellite acquired photographs with a telescopic camera system and loaded the exposed film into recovery capsules. The capsules or buckets were de-orbited and retrieved by aircraft while the capsules parachuted to earth. The exposed film was developed and the images were analyzed for a range of military applications. The intelligence community used Keyhole (KH) designators to describe system characteristics and accomplishments. The CORONA systems were designated KH-1, KH-2, KH-3, KH-4, KH-4A, and KH-4B. The ARGON systems used the designator KH-5 and the LANYARD systems used KH-6. Mission numbers were a means for indexing the imagery and associated collateral data. A variety of camera systems were used with the satellites. Early systems (KH-1, KH-2, KH-3, and KH-6) carried a single panoramic camera or a single frame camera (KH-5). The later systems (KH-4, KH-4A, and KH-4B) carried two panoramic cameras with a separation angle of 30° with one camera looking forward and the other looking aft. The original film and technical mission-related documents are maintained by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Duplicate film sources held in the USGS EROS Center archive are used to produce digital copies of the imagery. Mathematical calculations based on camera operation and satellite path were used to approximate image coordinates. Since the accuracy of the coordinates varies according to the precision of information used for the derivation, users should inspect the preview image to verify that the area of interest is contained in the selected frame. Users should also note that the images have not been georeferenced.

Dataset Card for "Ships-In-Satellite-Imagery"

  Licensing Information

CC BY-SA 4.0

  Citation Information

Ships in Satellite Imagery @misc{kaggle_sisi, author = {Hammell, Robert}, title = {Ships in Satellite Imagery}, howpublished = {\url{https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/rhammell/ships-in-satellite-imagery}}, year = {2018}, version = {9.0} }

Multispectral remote sensing data acquired by Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor were analyzed using an automated technique to generate surficial mineralogy and vegetation maps of the conterminous western United States. Six spectral indices (e.g. band-ratios), highlighting distinct spectral absorptions, were developed to aid in the identification of mineral groups in exposed rocks, soils, mine waste rock, and mill tailings across the landscape. The data are centered on the Western U.S. and cover portions of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, the Canada-U.S. border, and the Mexico-U.S. border during the summers of 2013 – 2014. Methods used to process the images and algorithms used to infer mineralogical composition of surficial materials are detailed in Rockwell and others (2021) and were similar to those developed by Rockwell (2012; 2013). Final maps are provided as ERDAS IMAGINE (.img) thematic raster images and contain pixel values representing mineral and vegetation group classifications. Rockwell, B.W., 2012, Description and validation of an automated methodology for mapping mineralogy, vegetation, and hydrothermal alteration type from ASTER satellite imagery with examples from the San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3190, 35 p. pamphlet, 5 map sheets, scale 1:100,000, http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2769.9365. Rockwell, B.W., 2013, Automated mapping of mineral groups and green vegetation from Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery with an example from the San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3252, 25 p. pamphlet, 1 map sheet, scale 1:325,000, http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2507.7925. Rockwell, B.W., Gnesda, W.R., and Hofstra, A.H., 2021, Improved automated identification and mapping of iron sulfate minerals, other mineral groups, and vegetation from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager Data: San Juan Mountains, Colorado, and Four Corners Region: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3466, scale 1:325,000, 51 p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3466/.

This dataset contains satellite imagery of 4,454 power plants within the United States. The imagery is provided at two resolutions: 1m (4-band NAIP iamgery with near-infrared) and 30m (Landsat 8, pansharpened to 15m). The NAIP imagery is available for the U.S. and Landsat 8 is available globally. This dataset may be of value for computer vision work, machine learning, as well as energy and environmental analyses.Additionally, annotations of the specific locations of the spatial extent of the power plants in each image is provided. These annotations were collected via the crowdsourcing platform, Amazon Mechanical Turk, using multiple annotators for each image to ensure quality. Links to the sources of the imagery data, the annotation tool, and the team that created the dataset are included in the "References" section.To read more on these data, please refer to the "Power Plant Satellite Imagery Dataset Overview.pdf" file. To download a sample of the data without downloading the entire dataset, download "sample.zip" which includes two sample powerplants and the NAIP, Landsat 8, and binary annotations for each.Note: the NAIP imagery may appear "washed out" when viewed in standard image viewing software because it includes a near-infrared band in addition to the standard RGB data.

1) Data Introduction • The Satellite Images of Hurricane Damage Dataset is The Satellite Images of Hurricane Damage Dataset is a binary image classification computer vision dataset based on satellite images taken in Texas, USA, after Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Each image is labeled as either ‘damage’ (indicating structural damage) or ‘no_damage’ (indicating no damage), allowing for automatic identification of building damage in disaster scenarios.

2) Data Utilization (1) Characteristics of the Satellite Images of Hurricane Damage Dataset: • The dataset is composed of real satellite images taken immediately after a natural disaster, providing a realistic and reliable training environment for the development of automated disaster response and recovery systems.

(2) Applications of the Satellite Images of Hurricane Damage Dataset: • Development of disaster damage recognition models: This dataset can be used to train deep learning-based AI models that automatically classify whether buildings have been damaged based on satellite imagery. These models can contribute to decision-making in rescue prioritization and damage extent analysis. • Geospatial risk prediction systems: By integrating with GIS systems, the dataset can help visualize damage-prone areas on maps, supporting real-time decisions and resource allocation optimization during future disasters.

Three ET datasets were generated to evaluate the potential integration of Landsat and Sentinel-2 data for improved ET mapping. The first ET dataset was generated by linear interpolation (Lint) of Landsat-based ET fraction (ETf) images of before and after the selected image dates. The second ET dataset was generated using the regular SSEBop approach using the Landsat image only (Lonly). The third ET dataset was generated from the proposed Landsat-Sentinel data fusion (L-S) approach by applying ETf images from Landsat and Sentinel. The scripts (two) used to generate these three ET datasets are included – one script for processing SSEBop model to generate ET maps from Lonly and another script for generating ET maps from Lint and L-S approach.

The VHR-10 dataset mirrored from https://github.com/chaozhong2010/VHR-10_dataset_coco NWPU VHR-10 data set is a challenging ten-class geospatial object detection data set. This dataset contains a total of 800 VHR optical remote sensing images, where 715 color images were acquired from Google Earth with the spatial resolution ranging from 0.5 to 2 m, and 85 pansharpened color infrared images were acquired from Vaihingen data with a spatial resolution of 0.08 m. The data set is divided into two… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/satellite-image-deep-learning/VHR-10.

Satellite sensor artifacts can negatively impact the interpretation of satellite data. One such artifact is linear features in imagery which can be caused by a variety of sensor issues and can present as either wide, consistent features called banding, or as narrow, inconsistent features called striping. This study used high-resolution data from DigitalGlobe's WorldView-3 satellite collected at Lake Okeechobee, Florida, on 30 August 2017. Primarily designed as a land sensor, this study investigated the impact of vertical artifacts on both at-sensor radiance and a spectral index for an aquatic target. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: NGA Nextview license agreements prohibit the distribution of original data files from WorldView due to copyright. It can be accessed through the following means: National Geospatial Intelligence Agency contract details prevent distribution of Maxar data. Questions regarding Nextvew can be sent so NGANextView_License@nga.mil. Questions regarding the NASA Commercial Data Buy can be sent to yvonne.ivey@nasa.gov. Format: high-resolution data from DigitalGlobe's WorldView-3 satellite. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Coffer, M., P. Whitman, B. Schaeffer, V. Hill, R. Zimmerman, W. Salls, M. Lebrasse, and D. Graybill. Vertical artifacts in high-resolution WorldView-2 and WorldView-3 satellite imagery of aquatic systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING. Taylor & Francis, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 43(4): 1199-1225, (2022).

This dataset was used to train a image classification machine learning model so that it could successfully identify landfills in the continental United States given a satellite image. The positive images dataset contains tiff images of landfills from the National Agriculture Imagery Program. The negative images dataset contains tiff images of random points in the United States that do not contain landfills.

Data_A Satellite Imagery Dataset for Long-Term Sustainable Development in United States Cities.zip

Description

1018 images and 1018 associated labels for semantic segmentation of Sentinel-2 and Landsat RGB satellite images of coasts. The 4 classes are 0=water, 1=whitewater, 2=sediment, 3=other

These images and labels have been made using the Doodleverse software package, Doodler*. These images and labels could be used within numerous Machine Learning frameworks for image segmentation, but have specifically been made for use with the Doodleverse software package, Segmentation Gym**.

Some (473) of these images and labels were originally included in the Coast Train*** data release, and have been modified from their original by reclassifying from the original classes to the present 4 classes.

Imagery comes from the following 10 sand beach sites:

1. Duck, NC, Hatteras NC, USA
2. Santa Cruz CA, USA
3. Galveston TX, USA
4. Truc Vert,France
5. Sunset State Beach CA, USA
6. Torrey Pines CA, USA
7. Narrabeen, NSW, Australia
8. Elwha WA, USA
9. Ventura region, CA, USA
10. Klamath region, CA USA

Imagery are a mixture of 10-m Sentinel-2 and 15-m pansharpened Landsat 7, 8, and 9 visible-band imagery of various sizes. Red, Green, and Blue bands only

File descriptions

1. classes.txt, a file containing the class names
2. images.zip, a zipped folder containing the 3-band images of varying sizes and extents
3. labels.zip, a zipped folder containing the 1-band label images
4. overlays.zip, a zipped folder containing a semi-transparent overlay of the color-coded label on the image (blue=0=water, red=1=whitewater, yellow=2=sediment, green=3=other)
5. resized_images.zip, RGB images resized to 512x512x3 pixels
6. resized_labels.zip, label images resized to 512x512 pixels

References

*Doodler: Buscombe, D., Goldstein, E.B., Sherwood, C.R., Bodine, C., Brown, J.A., Favela, J., Fitzpatrick, S., Kranenburg, C.J., Over, J.R., Ritchie, A.C. and Warrick, J.A., 2021. Human‐in‐the‐Loop Segmentation of Earth Surface Imagery. Earth and Space Science, p.e2021EA002085https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA002085. See https://github.com/Doodleverse/dash_doodler.

**Segmentation Gym: Buscombe, D., & Goldstein, E. B. (2022). A reproducible and reusable pipeline for segmentation of geoscientific imagery. Earth and Space Science, 9, e2022EA002332. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002332 See: https://github.com/Doodleverse/segmentation_gym

***Coast Train data release: Wernette, P.A., Buscombe, D.D., Favela, J., Fitzpatrick, S., and Goldstein E., 2022, Coast Train--Labeled imagery for training and evaluation of data-driven models for image segmentation: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P91NP87I. See https://coasttrain.github.io/CoastTrain/ for more information

Since 1972, the joint NASA/ U.S. Geological Survey Landsat series of Earth Observation satellites have continuously acquired images of the Earth’s land surface, providing uninterrupted data to help land managers and policymakers make informed decisions about natural resources and the environment.

Landsat is a part of the USGS National Land Imaging (NLI) Program. To support analysis of the Landsat long-term data record that began in 1972, the USGS. Landsat data archive was reorganized into a formal tiered data collection structure. This structure ensures all Landsat Level 1 products provide a consistent archive of known data quality to support time-series analysis and data “stacking”, while controlling continuous improvement of the archive, and access to all data as they are acquired. Collection 1 Level 1 processing began in August 2016 and continued until all archived data was processed, completing May 2018. Newly-acquired Landsat 8 and Landsat 7 data continue to be processed into Collection 1 shortly after data is downlinked to USGS EROS.

Acknowledgement or credit of the USGS as data source should be provided by including a line of text citation such as the example shown below. (Product, Image, Photograph, or Dataset Name) courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey Example: Landsat-8 image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey

This dataset package is focused on U.S construction materials and three construction companies: Cemex, Martin Marietta & Vulcan.

In this package, SpaceKnow tracks manufacturing and processing facilities for construction material products all over the US. By tracking these facilities, we are able to give you near-real-time data on spending on these materials, which helps to predict residential and commercial real estate construction and spending in the US.

The dataset includes 40 indices focused on asphalt, cement, concrete, and building materials in general. You can look forward to receiving country-level and regional data (activity in the North, East, West, and South of the country) and the aforementioned company data.

SpaceKnow uses satellite (SAR) data to capture activity and building material manufacturing and processing facilities in the US.

Data is updated daily, has an average lag of 4-6 days, and history back to 2017.

The insights provide you with level and change data for refineries, storage, manufacturing, logistics, and employee parking-based locations.

SpaceKnow offers 3 delivery options: CSV, API, and Insights Dashboard

Available Indices Companies: Cemex (CX): Construction Materials (covers all manufacturing facilities of the company in the US), Concrete, Cement (refinery and storage) indices, and aggregates Martin Marietta (MLM): Construction Materials (covers all manufacturing facilities of the company in the US), Concrete, Cement (refinery and storage) indices, and aggregates Vulcan (VMC): Construction Materials (covers all manufacturing facilities of the company in the US), Concrete, Cement (refinery and storage) indices, and aggregates

USA Indices:

Aggregates USA Asphalt USA Cement USA Cement Refinery USA Cement Storage USA Concrete USA Construction Materials USA Construction Mining USA Construction Parking Lots USA Construction Materials Transfer Hub US Cement - Midwest, Northeast, South, West Cement Refinery - Midwest, Northeast, South, West Cement Storage - Midwest, Northeast, South, West

Why get SpaceKnow's U.S Construction Materials Package?

Monitor Construction Market Trends: Near-real-time insights into the construction industry allow clients to understand and anticipate market trends better.

Track Companies Performance: Monitor the operational activities, such as the volume of sales

Assess Risk: Use satellite activity data to assess the risks associated with investing in the construction industry.

Index Methodology Summary Continuous Feed Index (CFI) is a daily aggregation of the area of metallic objects in square meters. There are two types of CFI indices; CFI-R index gives the data in levels. It shows how many square meters are covered by metallic objects (for example employee cars at a facility). CFI-S index gives the change in data. It shows how many square meters have changed within the locations between two consecutive satellite images.

How to interpret the data SpaceKnow indices can be compared with the related economic indicators or KPIs. If the economic indicator is in monthly terms, perform a 30-day rolling sum and pick the last day of the month to compare with the economic indicator. Each data point will reflect approximately the sum of the month. If the economic indicator is in quarterly terms, perform a 90-day rolling sum and pick the last day of the 90-day to compare with the economic indicator. Each data point will reflect approximately the sum of the quarter.

Where the data comes from SpaceKnow brings you the data edge by applying machine learning and AI algorithms to synthetic aperture radar and optical satellite imagery. The company’s infrastructure searches and downloads new imagery every day, and the computations of the data take place within less than 24 hours.

In contrast to traditional economic data, which are released in monthly and quarterly terms, SpaceKnow data is high-frequency and available daily. It is possible to observe the latest movements in the construction industry with just a 4-6 day lag, on average.

The construction materials data help you to estimate the performance of the construction sector and the business activity of the selected companies.

The foundation of delivering high-quality data is based on the success of defining each location to observe and extract the data. All locations are thoroughly researched and validated by an in-house team of annotators and data analysts.

See below how our Construction Materials index performs against the US Non-residential construction spending benchmark

Each individual location is precisely defined to avoid noise in the data, which may arise from traffic or changing vegetation due to seasonal reasons.

SpaceKnow uses radar imagery and its own unique algorithms, so the indices do not lose their significance in bad weather conditions such as rain or heavy clouds.

→ Reach out to get free trial

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avyakt06jain/satellite-images dataset hosted on Hugging Face and contributed by the HF Datasets community

To provide processed satellite images of key areas along the U. S.-Mexico border for use in a broad spectrum of studies. Landsat data have been used by government, commercial, industrial, civilian, and educational communities in the U.S. and worldwide. They are being used to support a wide range of applications in such areas as global change research, agriculture, forestry, geology, resources management, geography, mapping, water quality, and oceanography. Landsat data have potential applications for monitoring the conditions of the Earth's land surface.

The passage of the North American Trade Agreement (NAFTA), establishment of the Border Environmental Cooperation Commission as well as the EPA U.S./Mexico Border XXI Program has focused attention to the environmental social-cultural, and economic conditions in the United States-Mexico frontier and to the enhanced necessity of a binational, transborder approach in addressing problems. Towards this end, this U.S.-Mexico borderlands Thematic Mapper selection is designed to be utilized as fundamental part of a basic geographic information system database for natural resource, environmental, and land-management studies.

The passage of the North American Trade Agreement (NAFTA), establishment of the Border Environmental Cooperation Commission as well as the EPA U.S./Mexico Border XXI Program has focused attention to the environmental social-cultural, and economic conditions in the United States-Mexico frontier and to the enhanced necessity of a binational, transborder approach in addressing problems. Towards this end, this U.S.-Mexico borderlands Thematic Mapper selection is designed to be utilized as fundamental part of a basic geographic information system database for natural resource, environmental, and land-management studies.

The map is a composite image of spectral bands 3 (630-690 nanometers, red), 4 (775-900 nanometers,near-infrared), and 5 (1,550-1750 nanometers, middle-infrared) and the new panchromatic band (520-900, green to near-infrared) acquired by the Landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) sensor on February 05, 2000.