Owing to its financial attractiveness and availability of staff and skills, India was considered the most attractive destination to offshore business services, with a score of 2.83 and 2.18 respectively, according to this survey conducted in 2021. The field in which India was not as attractive though was digital resonance scoring 0.91. For comparison, the United States scored 1.15 for its digital resonance.

This statistic shows the likelihood of offshoring or nearshoring to change in the next two years worldwide from 2014 to 2018, by function and growth rate. According to the 2018 survey, procurement offshoring/ nearshoring is expected to increase by five percent.

Replication package for Reijnders, L. S. M., and G. J. de Vries (2018). “Technology, Offshoring, and the Rise of non-Routine Jobs”, Journal of Development Economics, vol 135, pp. 412-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.08.009

This data set contains Offshore Statistics by Water Depth.

In 2023 in Japan, 96.9 percent of revenue in the market research industry was generated by companies operating within the country, while the rest of projects were subcontracted to offshore firms. In that year, the industry recorded a total revenue of roughly 1.79 billion U.S. dollars.

Following Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg (2008) we present a model in which tasks of varying complexity are matched to workers of varying skill in order to develop and test predictions regarding the effects of immigration and offshoring on US native-born workers. We find that immigrant and native-born workers do not compete much due to the fact that they tend to perform tasks at opposite ends of the task complexity spectrum, with offshore workers performing the tasks in the middle. An effect of offshoring and a positive effect of immigration on native-born employment suggest that immigration and offshoring improve industry efficiency.

OBU: Outstanding Loan: Local Client data was reported at 634.000 USD mn in May 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 833.000 USD mn for Apr 2018. OBU: Outstanding Loan: Local Client data is updated monthly, averaging 831.500 USD mn from Apr 2001 (Median) to May 2018, with 206 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.210 USD bn in Jun 2001 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Feb 2013. OBU: Outstanding Loan: Local Client data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Republic of China. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Taiwan – Table TW.KB036: Offshore Banking Unit Statistics.

We study the implications of offshoring on innovation, technology, and wage inequality in a Ricardian model with directed technical change. Profit maximization determines both the extent of offshoring and the direction of technological progress. A fall in the offshoring cost induces technical change with an ambiguous factor bias. When the initial cost of offshoring is high, an increase in offshoring opportunities causes a fall in the real wages of unskilled workers in industrial countries, skill-biased technical change and rising skill premia. When the offshoring cost is sufficiently low, instead, offshoring induces technical change biased in favor of the unskilled workers. (JEL J24, J31, L24, O33)

The STATA dataset as well as the corresponding do-file allow for a replication of all results in the main empirical analysis of Kohler/Kukharskyy (2019) "Offshoring under Uncertainty".

The data and programs replicate tables and figures from "The impact of service and goods offshoring on employment: Firm-level evidence", by Ornaghi,Van Beveren and Vanormelingen. Please see the ReadMe file for additional details.

Offshoring Clinical Trials Market Outlook

The global offshoring clinical trials market size is projected to witness significant growth over the forecast period, with an estimated value of USD 35 billion in 2023 and anticipated to reach approximately USD 65 billion by 2032, propelled by a CAGR of 7%. A key growth factor driving this market is the cost-effectiveness and efficiency offered by conducting clinical trials in developing countries. The availability of a large patient pool, coupled with lower operational costs in regions like Asia Pacific and Latin America, is anticipated to contribute substantially to market growth. Moreover, advancements in technology and increased regulatory harmonization are facilitating smoother operations of clinical trials offshore, further enhancing market expansion.

A major growth factor contributing to the expansion of the offshoring clinical trials market is the increasing globalization of pharmaceutical and biotechnology research. Companies are increasingly looking beyond their borders to tap into diverse patient populations and access new markets. This globalization trend is driven by the need for more robust data that can be generated through diverse demographics, potentially expediting drug approval processes. Furthermore, the rapid advancements in digital health technologies and telemedicine are enabling smoother offshoring processes by facilitating remote monitoring and data collection, thereby enhancing efficiency and accuracy of clinical trials.

The rising demand for cost efficiency in drug development is also a pivotal factor in the growth of the offshoring clinical trials market. Clinical trials are notoriously expensive, often comprising a significant portion of a drug's development costs. By offshoring trials to countries where operational costs are lower due to reduced labor and infrastructure costs, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can significantly reduce their overall expenditure. This economic incentive is particularly attractive to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that often operate under tight budget constraints. Moreover, these cost savings can be redirected towards additional research and development efforts, potentially accelerating the drug development cycle.

Moreover, the increasing complexity and stringency of regulatory requirements in developed nations are prompting companies to seek more favorable regulatory environments offshore. Many developing countries are actively working towards improving their regulatory frameworks in line with international standards, making them attractive destinations for clinical trials. The harmonization of regulations across regions offers a dual advantage: easing the administrative burden on companies while ensuring ethical and scientific standards are upheld. This trend is expected to fuel market growth, as more companies embrace the streamlined processes and expedited timelines available in these regions.

The regional outlook of the offshoring clinical trials market suggests that Asia Pacific will continue to be a leading destination for these trials, driven by its substantial patient pool and cost benefits. Latin America is also emerging as a significant player, with countries like Brazil and Mexico offering favorable regulatory environments and a diverse patient demographic. Europe and North America still play a crucial role, particularly in early-phase trials and regulatory oversight. Meanwhile, the Middle East & Africa region is gradually gaining attention due to improving healthcare infrastructure and increasing participation in global research initiatives. This diversification across regions not only spreads risk for companies but also enhances the robustness and relevance of clinical trial data.

Phase Analysis

Phase I trials, the initial stage of clinical testing, focus on evaluating the safety and dosage of new drugs. Offshoring Phase I trials is primarily driven by the need for rapid recruitment and cost efficiency. Countries in Asia Pacific and Eastern Europe are popular destinations due to their ability to recruit patients swiftly, which is critical in early-phase trials where time is of the essence. The availability of specialized facilities and skilled professionals in these regions further enhances their attractiveness. Additionally, regulatory environments in these areas are becoming increasingly supportive of early-phase trials, aligning with international standards to ensure safety and compliance.

Phase II trials, which assess the efficacy and side effects of a drug, benefit from offshoring due to the diversity of patient po

This dataset contains summary statistics for offshore wind resources for the continental United States derived from the Wind Integration National Datatset (WIND) Toolkit. These data are available in two formats: GDB - Compressed geodatabases containing statistical summaries aligned with lease blocks (aliquots) stored in a GIS format. These data are partitioned into Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf resource regions. HDF5 - Statistical summaries of all points in the offshore Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf offshore regions. These data are located on the original WIND Toolkit grid and have not been reassigned or downsampled to lease blocks. These data were developed under contract by NREL for the Bureau of Oceanic Energy Management (BOEM).

Online markets for remote labor services allow workers and firms to contract with each other directly. Despite this, intermediaries -- called outsourcing agencies -- have emerged in these markets. This paper shows that agencies signal to employers that inexperienced workers are high quality. Workers affiliated with an agency have substantially higher job-finding probabilities and wages at the beginning of their careers compared to similar workers without an agency affiliation. This advantage declines after high-quality non-affiliated workers receive good public feedback scores. The results indicate that intermediaries have arisen endogenously to permit a more efficient allocation of workers to jobs.

The 2023 National Offshore Wind data set (NOW-23) is the latest wind resource data set for offshore regions in the United States, which supersedes, for its offshore component, the Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit, which was published about a decade ago and is currently one of the primary resources for stakeholders conducting wind resource assessments in the continental United States. The NOW-23 data set was produced using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) version 4.2.1. A regional approach was used: for each offshore region, the WRF setup was selected based on validation against available observations. The WRF model was initialized with the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts 5 Reanalysis (ERA-5) data set, using a 6-hour refresh rate. The model is configured with an initial horizontal grid spacing of 6 km and an internal nested domain that refined the spatial resolution to 2 km. The model is run with 61 vertical levels, with 12 levels in the lower 300m of the atmosphere, stretching from 5 m to 45 m in height. The MYNN planetary boundary layer and surface layer schemes were used the North Atlantic, Mid Atlantic, Great Lakes, Hawaii, and North Pacific regions. On the other hand, using the YSU planetary boundary layer and MM5 surface layer schemes resulted in a better skill in the South Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and South Pacific regions. A more detailed description of the WRF model setup can be found in the WRF namelist files linked at the bottom of this page. For all regions, the NOW-23 data set coverage starts on January 1, 2000. For Hawaii and the North Pacific regions, NOW-23 goes until December 31, 2019. For the South Pacific region, the model goes until 31 December, 2022. For all other regions, the model covers until December 31, 2020. Outputs are available at 5 minute resolution, and for all regions we have also included output files at hourly resolution. The NOW-23 data are provided here as HDF5 files. Examples of how to use the HSDS Service to Access the NOW-23 files are linked below. A list of the variables included in the NOW-23 files is also linked below. No filters have been applied to the raw WRF output.

Offshore Software Development Market size was valued at USD 122 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 283 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 10.13% from 2024 to 2031.

Offshore Software Development Market Drivers

Cost Efficiency: One of the primary drivers of offshore software development is cost savings. Offshore development can significantly reduce labor costs compared to hiring onshore developers. Companies can leverage the lower wage rates in developing countries while maintaining high-quality standards.

Access to a Global Talent Pool: Offshore development allows companies to access a vast pool of skilled professionals worldwide. This enables businesses to tap into specialized expertise and technologies that may not be readily available locally.

Focus on Core Business Activities: By outsourcing software development, companies can focus more on their core competencies and strategic activities. Offshore development partners can handle the technical aspects, allowing businesses to allocate more resources to areas such as marketing, sales, and customer service.

The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is a free-surface, terrain-following, primitive equations ocean model widely used by the scientific community for a diverse range of applications. The operational Northeast Atlantic (NEATL) model is an implementation of the ROMS model that covers all Irish waters. The NEATL dataset contains parameters output by this model such as sea surface height (m), sea temperature (C), salinity, sea water X velocity (m/s) and sea water Y velocity (m/s). The NEATL model covers a portion of the eastern Atlantic ocean that from Iberian Peninsula to Iceland. The average horizontal resolution of the model grid is approximately 1900 metres but the horizontal horizontal resolution around Irish coastal waters is 1100 to 1500 metres. Model data was produced for the previous 30 days and 3 days into the future. The NEATL model was an operational model forced by operational atmospheric (ECMWF) and boundary (Copernicus GLOBAL_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHY_001_024) forcing. The NEATL operational system has provided a daily 3-day forecast and a weekly 7-day analysis. The NEATL model was run to forecast oceanographic parameters such as temperature, sea level and currents level for Irish coastal waters to support a variety of end-user services such as HAB (harmful algal bloom) warning systems and maritime search and rescue. The NEATL model was operated by the Oceanographic Services team within Ocean Science and Information Services division of the Marine Institute (Ireland). Model completed for the days it is operational and produced output.

In 2022, the offshore execution value of manufacturing services outsourcing in China amounted to over 46 billion U.S. dollars. China's total outsourcing industry received revenues of 136.85 billion U.S. dollars from foreign markets that year.

OBU: Derivative Product Turnover: Option data was reported at 12.572 USD bn in May 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 11.429 USD bn for Apr 2018. OBU: Derivative Product Turnover: Option data is updated monthly, averaging 9.886 USD bn from Apr 2001 (Median) to May 2018, with 206 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 185.910 USD bn in Jan 2014 and a record low of 471.000 USD mn in Jun 2001. OBU: Derivative Product Turnover: Option data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Republic of China. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Taiwan – Table TW.KB036: Offshore Banking Unit Statistics.

The data and programs replicate tables and figures from "Downstream offshoring and firm-level employment", by Merlevede and Michel. Please see the ReadMe file for additional details.

This paper documents how US firms organize goods production across firm and country boundaries. Most US firms that perform physical transformation tasks in-house using foreign manufacturing plants in 2007 also own US manufacturing plants; moreover manufacturing comprises their main domestic activity. By contrast, “factoryless goods producers” outsource all physical transformation tasks to arm's-length contractors, focusing their in-house efforts on design and marketing. This distinct firm type is missing from standard analyses of manufacturing, growing in importance, and increasingly reliant on foreign suppliers. Physical transformation “within-the-firm” thus coincides with substantial physical transformation “within-the-country,” whereas its performance “outside-the-firm” often also implies “outside-the-country.” Despite these differences, factoryless goods producers and firms with foreign and domestic manufacturing plants both employ relatively high shares of US knowledge workers. These patterns call for new models and data to capture the potential for foreign production to support domestic innovation, which US firms leverage around the world.