According to a 2020 survey among repatriated Filipino overseas workers (OFWs) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, over half of the respondents returned due to the pandemic. On the other hand, ** percent of the returnees have non-COVID-19 related reasons.

As of June 13, 2022, about **** million overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) had been repatriated due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Of these, *** million were land-based workers while roughly *** thousand were sea-based.

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) are considered bagong bayani, or modern-day heroes, as their remittances have a positive long-term impact on the Philippines economy. The Philippines ranked 10th worldwide in terms of net emigration from 2010 to 2020. The deployment of OFWs declined during the pandemic, and this was estimated to have adverse effects on remittances. As a migrant-sending country, the Philippine government had to deal with the mass of unemployed OFWs stranded in their host countries and organize large-scale repatriation of OFWs. This scoping review aims to assess the existing literature, identify research gaps, and propose future research directions concerning the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on OFWs and their left-behind families. The results indicate that the impact of the pandemic on OFWs was not uniform. It is evident that OFWs in precarious situations beforehand have become even more vulnerable. The loss of their source of income in the host country and the restrictions on international mobility during the pandemic had significant detrimental effects on their wellbeing and their families left behind, regardless of their income level or type of job. Upon returning to their home country, they often experienced anxiety, depression, discrimination, and difficulty in finding a job. Overall, this scoping review highlights the urgent need for greater recognition and protection of OFWs in times of crisis. It is crucial to address the systemic issues that contribute to their vulnerability and to ensure that they receive adequate support and protection in host countries and the Philippines.

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) are considered bagong bayani, or modern-day heroes, as their remittances have a positive long-term impact on the Philippines economy. The Philippines ranked 10th worldwide in terms of net emigration from 2010 to 2020. The deployment of OFWs declined during the pandemic, and this was estimated to have adverse effects on remittances. As a migrant-sending country, the Philippine government had to deal with the mass of unemployed OFWs stranded in their host countries and organize large-scale repatriation of OFWs. This scoping review aims to assess the existing literature, identify research gaps, and propose future research directions concerning the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on OFWs and their left-behind families. The results indicate that the impact of the pandemic on OFWs was not uniform. It is evident that OFWs in precarious situations beforehand have become even more vulnerable. The loss of their source of income in the host country and the restrictions on international mobility during the pandemic had significant detrimental effects on their wellbeing and their families left behind, regardless of their income level or type of job. Upon returning to their home country, they often experienced anxiety, depression, discrimination, and difficulty in finding a job. Overall, this scoping review highlights the urgent need for greater recognition and protection of OFWs in times of crisis. It is crucial to address the systemic issues that contribute to their vulnerability and to ensure that they receive adequate support and protection in host countries and the Philippines.

In 2020, ***** thousand of the overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) repatriated due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic were from the Middle East. This made up ** percent of all Filipinos repatriated. In comparison, about **** thousand came from Asia and the Pacific region and roughly ** thousand overseas workers returned to the Philippines from Europe.

According to a 2020 survey among repatriated Filipino overseas workers (OFWs) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, ** percent of respondents have obtained a high school diploma while ** percent have an undergraduate degree. In comparison, only ** percent of the respondents earned a graduate degree.

In 2024, preliminary figures recorded about **** million Filipinos leaving the Philippines to work overseas — a number higher than the previous year's estimates. The number of deployed overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) significantly plummeted between 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Leading occupation of deployed OFWs  Among the newly hired land-based overseas Filipino workers in 2023, about ******* of them were domestic cleaners and helpers, followed by domestic housekeepers. Filipino domestic cleaners and housekeepers have been in demand in several countries, particularly in the Middle East and Hong Kong. These countries usually offer higher wages and better employment benefits for such jobs, in comparison to employers in the Philippines. Increasing demand for healthcare workers  Aside from domestic cleaners and housekeepers, recent years reflected a growing demand for healthcare workers, especially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020, Saudi Arabia was the leading destination of deployed Filipino nurses, followed by the United Kingdom and Germany.

According to a 2020 survey among repatriated Filipino overseas workers (OFWs) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, more than half of the respondents reported having a monthly income between ****** to ** thousand Philippine pesos. Only ***** percent reported having a monthly income of more than 100 thousand Philippine pesos.

In 2023, about ******* seafarers were deployed from the Philippines, indicating an increase from the previous year. The number of deployed seafarers plummeted in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.