Brent crude oil is projected to have an average annual spot price of 65.85 U.S. dollars per barrel in 2025, according to a forecast from May 2025. This would mean a decrease of nearly 15 U.S. dollars compared to the previous year, and also reflects a reduced forecast WTI crude oil price. Lower economic activity, an increase in OPEC+ production output, and uncertainty over trade tariffs all impacted price forecasting. All about Brent Also known as Brent Blend, London Brent, and Brent petroleum, Brent Crude is a crude oil benchmark named after the exploration site in the North Sea's Brent oilfield. It is a sweet light crude oil but slightly heavier than West Texas Intermediate. In this context, sweet refers to a low sulfur content and light refers to a relatively low density when compared to other crude oil benchmarks. Price development in the 2020s Oil prices are volatile, impacted by consumer demand and discoveries of new oilfields, new extraction methods such as fracking, and production caps routinely placed by OPEC on its member states. The price for Brent crude oil stood at an average of just 42 U.S. dollars in 2020, when the coronavirus pandemic resulted in a sudden demand drop. Two years later, sanctions on Russian energy imports, had pushed up prices to a new decade-high, above 100 U.S. dollars per barrel.

Crude Oil rose to 63.77 USD/Bbl on August 22, 2025, up 0.39% from the previous day. Over the past month, Crude Oil's price has fallen 2.27%, and is down 14.78% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Crude Oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Brent rose to 67.81 USD/Bbl on August 22, 2025, up 0.21% from the previous day. Over the past month, Brent's price has fallen 1.02%, and is down 14.19% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Brent crude oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

In 2024, the export price for one barrel of the Urals crude oil was expected to reach ** U.S. dollars. In the following year, the Russian government expected it to decrease slightly, and in 2027, it was projected to reach **** U.S. dollars per barrel. Urals is Russia's major export oil brand. Crude oil prices in Russia Different types of oil, such as light-weight, low-sulfur (light-sweet) grades and heavier, higher-sulfur (heavy-sour) crudes, can create differences in oil prices. Prices of a barrel of crude oil tend to fluctuate throughout the year due to factors like sulfur content, specific gravity, and location. In recent years, the price of Russian Urals crude oil reached a high of almost ** U.S. dollars per barrel in February 2022 and a low of **** U.S. dollars per barrel in April 2020. The Urals oil is used as a basis for Russian export oil mixture – a mix of heavy, high-oil from the Urals and Volga region and a light Siberian oil. The oil and gas industry account for a large majority of the country’s export income. Many global sources of crude oil are located in areas that are prone to political upheavals or have production disrupted by political events. Prices of major crude oil blends In comparison, the West Texas Intermediate crude oil price was estimated at **** U.S. dollars per barrel in 2024. Furthermore, Dubai Fateh oil prices have fluctuated in the past decade, having reached **** U.S. dollars per barrel in 2023. Prices of petroleum products fluctuate in parallel with crude oil prices but can also depend on seasonality, market factors, or refining outages. Petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, and petrochemical feedstocks are usually the most relevant to consumers.

Heating Oil fell to 2.31 USD/Gal on August 22, 2025, down 0.69% from the previous day. Over the past month, Heating Oil's price has fallen 5.72%, but it is still 0.00% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Heating oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

The annual price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil is expected to reach an average of 61.81 U.S. dollars per barrel in 2025, according to a May 2025 forecast. This would be a decrease of roughly 15 U.S. dollar compared to the previous year. In the first months weeks of 2025, weekly crude oil prices largely stayed below 70 U.S. dollars per barrel amid trade tariffs and expected economic downturn. What are benchmark crudes? WTI is often used as a price reference point called a benchmark (or ”marker”) crude. This category includes Brent crude from the North Sea, Dubai Crude, as well as blends in the OPEC reference basket. WTI, Brent, and the OPEC basket have tended to trade closely, but since 2011, Brent has been selling at a higher annual spot price than WTI, largely due to increased oil production in the United States. What causes price volatility? Oil prices are historically volatile. While mostly shaped by demand and supply like all consumer goods, they may also be affected by production limits, a change in U.S. dollar value, and to an extent by market speculation. In 2022, the annual average price for WTI was close to the peak of nearly 100 U.S. dollars recorded in 2008. In the latter year, multiple factors, such as strikes in Nigeria, an oil sale stop in Venezuela, and the continuous increase in oil demand from China were partly responsible for the price surge. Higher oil prices allowed the pursuit of extraction methods previously deemed too expensive and risky, such as shale gas and tight oil production in the U.S. The widespread practice of fracturing source rocks for oil and gas extraction led to the oil glut in 2016 and made the U.S. the largest oil producer in the world.

Palm Oil rose to 4,531 MYR/T on August 22, 2025, up 1.55% from the previous day. Over the past month, Palm Oil's price has risen 4.98%, and is up 17.11% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Palm Oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

The global crude palm oil market reached $73.5B in 2024, increasing by 5.4% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the total consumption indicated perceptible growth from 2012 to 2024: its value increased at an average annual rate of +3.4% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2024 figures, consumption decreased by -8.2% against 2022 indices.

This statistic shows the forecasted price of oil in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2017 to 2024, in U.S. dollars per barrel. The price of oil is expected to increase to 64.5 U.S. dollars in 2023/24.

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The fuel oil market size will decrease by USD 84.77 billion during 2020-2024. This report provides a detailed analysis of the market by application (marine, industrial, and others) and geography (APAC, Europe, MEA, North America, and South America). Also, the report analyzes the market’s competitive landscape and offers information on several market vendors, including BP Plc, Chevron Corp., Exxon Mobil Corp., JXTG Holdings Inc., PJSC LUKOIL, PT Pertamina(Persero), Qatar Petroleum, Reliance Industries Ltd., Royal Dutch Shell Plc, and SK Innovation Co. Ltd.

Market Overview

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Market Competitive Analysis

The fuel oil market is fragmented with numerous vendors that produce and supply fuel oil to customers. Vendors need to make high capital investments to remain competitive in the market. BP Plc, Chevron Corp., and Exxon Mobil Corp. are some of the major market participants. Although the rise in world energy demand will offer immense growth opportunities, the fluctuations in crude oil prices will challenge the growth of the market participants. To make the most of the opportunities, market vendors should focus more on the growth prospects in the fast-growing segments, while maintaining their positions in the slow-growing segments.

To help clients improve their market position, this fuel oil market forecast report provides a detailed analysis of the market leaders and offers information on the competencies and capacities of these companies. The report also covers details on the market’s competitive landscape and offers information on the products offered by various companies. Moreover, this fuel oil market analysis report also provides information on the upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This will help companies create strategies to make the most of future growth opportunities.

This report provides information on the production, sustainability, and prospects of several leading companies, including:

• BP Plc
• Chevron Corp.
• Exxon Mobil Corp.
• JXTG Holdings Inc.
• PJSC LUKOIL
• PT Pertamina(Persero)
• Qatar Petroleum
• Reliance Industries Ltd.
• Royal Dutch Shell Plc
• SK Innovation Co. Ltd.

Fuel Oil Market: Segmentation by Application

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The primary requirement of any marine engine is to propel the ship or generate onsite power by using the energy obtained from burning fuel oil. The mega marine engines of ships burn tons of fuel every day to propel the massively loaded ships. The rise in demand for bunker fuel oil due to the growing seaborne trade and growing naval activities will drive the demand for fuel oil for marine.

However, market growth in this segment will be slower than the growth of the market in the industrial and other segments. This report provides an accurate prediction of the contribution of all the segments to the growth of the fuel oil market size.

Fuel Oil Market: Segmentation by Geography

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On August 18, 2025, the Brent crude oil price stood at 66.54 U.S. dollars per barrel, compared to 63.42 U.S. dollars for WTI oil and 68.21 U.S. dollars for the OPEC basket. Oil prices remained largely unchanged that week as economic expectations stayed low.Europe's Brent crude oil, the U.S. WTI crude oil, and OPEC's basket are three of the most important benchmarks used by traders as reference for oil and gasoline prices. Lowest ever oil prices during coronavirus pandemic In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic resulted in crude oil prices hitting a major slump as oil demand drastically declined following lockdowns and travel restrictions. Initial outlooks and uncertainty surrounding the course of the pandemic brought about a disagreement between two of the largest oil producers, Russia and Saudi Arabia, in early March. Bilateral talks between global oil producers ended in agreement on April 13th, with promises to cut petroleum output and hopes rising that these might help stabilize the oil price in the coming weeks. However, with storage facilities and oil tankers quickly filling up, fears grew over where to store excess oil, leading to benchmark prices seeing record negative prices between April 20 and April 22, 2020. How crude oil prices are determined As with most commodities, crude oil prices are impacted by supply and demand, as well as inventories and market sentiment. However, as oil is most often traded in future contracts (where a contract is agreed upon while product delivery will follow in the next two to three months), market speculation is one of the principal determinants for oil prices. Traders make conclusions on how production output and consumer demand will likely develop over the coming months, leaving room for uncertainty. Spot prices differ from futures in so far as they reflect the current market price of a commodity.

Urals Oil rose to 63.10 USD/Bbl on August 21, 2025, up 0.02% from the previous day. Over the past month, Urals Oil's price has fallen 4.03%, and is down 13.18% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Urals Crude.

The Philippine crude oil market surged to $4.8B in 2024, rising by 178% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers' margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). Overall, consumption, however, recorded a mild reduction. Over the period under review, the market attained the maximum level at $5.8B in 2018; however, from 2019 to 2024, consumption remained at a lower figure.

Brent Crude Oil Price: EA: Forward: 1 Month data was reported at 72.079 EUR/Barrel in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 69.734 EUR/Barrel for Dec 2024. Brent Crude Oil Price: EA: Forward: 1 Month data is updated quarterly, averaging 34.532 EUR/Barrel from Sep 1985 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 159 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 103.376 EUR/Barrel in Jun 2022 and a record low of 9.999 EUR/Barrel in Dec 1998. Brent Crude Oil Price: EA: Forward: 1 Month data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Central Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.P005: European Central Bank: Crude Oil Price. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

The global linseed oil market rose significantly to $1.2B in 2024, with an increase of 5.9% against the previous year. Overall, the total consumption indicated tangible growth from 2012 to 2024: its value increased at an average annual rate of +2.7% over the last twelve years. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2024 figures, consumption decreased by -20.6% against 2022 indices.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Carbon Black Oil Market size will be USD 28142.6 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 11257.04 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 8442.78 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 6472.80 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1407.13 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 562.85 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The Rubber Reinforcement held the highest Carbon Black Oil Market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Carbon Black Oil Market

Key Drivers for Carbon Black Oil Market

Growth in the Automotive Sector Enhances Market Demand

The swift development of the automotive industry, particularly in emerging economies, is markedly elevating the demand for carbon black oil. This substance is crucial in tire production due to its capacity to improve durability and fuel efficiency. The shift towards lightweight, high-performance vehicles further strengthens this increasing demand trend for rubber compounds based on carbon black oil.

The Role of Carbon Black Oil in Driving Growth in the Construction Industry

The utilization of carbon black oil is on the rise in the construction sector for the enhancement of concrete, asphalt, and coatings. With the surge in urbanization and infrastructure initiatives, it is esteemed for its ability to enhance material strength and resistance to environmental factors. This growing significance in structural applications corresponds with global construction surges, particularly in developing areas, fostering consistent market growth.

Restraint Factor for the Carbon Black Oil Market

Navigating Price Volatility in the Carbon Black Oil Market

The market for carbon black oil is extremely reactive to variations in global oil prices. As it is derived from petroleum feedstocks, any instability in crude oil supply, regulatory changes, or geopolitical tensions directly impacts production expenses. This unpredictability complicates pricing strategies and planning, rendering profitability and long-term investments precarious for manufacturers.

Environmental Regulations Constrain Market Growth

Tighter environmental regulations concerning emissions and petroleum-derived products pose challenges for the carbon black oil market. Government initiatives aimed at minimizing carbon footprints and encouraging sustainable materials are pressuring manufacturers to adopt cleaner technologies, which may lead to increased production costs and a deceleration in growth.

Key Trends of Carbon Black Oil Market

Transition to Sustainable Alternatives

The market is experiencing a gradual yet increasing transition towards bio-based carbon black oil substitutes. As sustainability gains importance, manufacturers are dedicating resources to research eco-friendly materials aimed at decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. This movement is propelled by the need for regulatory adherence and consumer demand for environmentally friendly products in the automotive and construction industries.

Digital Oversight in Production

Cutting-edge digital technologies such as IoT and AI are being implemented in carbon black oil processing facilities to enhance efficiency and minimize waste. Real-time monitoring systems assist in regulating temperature, flow rates, and emissions, thereby improving product quality and ensuring adherence to environmental standards. This technology-driven movement is transforming the production landscape of the industry.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Carbon Black Oil Market

The Carbon Black Oil Market witnessed a significant impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. Sup...

The price of refined sunflower oil in the United States for Q4 2023 reached 2015 USD/MT in December. Similarly, the price trend for refined sunflower oil in China reached 1187 USD/MT in December 2023. Whereas, Germany’s refine sunflower oil prices reached 1523 USD/MT in the same month.

As per Cognitive Market Research's latest published report, the Global Oil Exploration and Production market size is $3,588.98 Million in 2024 and it is forecasted to reach $5,116.57 Billion by 2031. Oil Exploration and Production Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate will be 5.20% from 2024 to 2031. Market Dynamics of the Oil Exploration and Production Market

Market Driver for the Oil Exploration and Production Market

The increasing investment in oil sector by several government bodies worldwide elevates the market growth 

Many countries view a stable and secure energy supply as crucial for their economic development and national security. Investing in the oil sector helps ensure a reliable source of energy. Oil exploration and production contribute significantly to the economic growth of a country. Governments often invest in the oil sector to capitalize on the potential for high returns, which can be used to fund public services, infrastructure projects, and other essential programs. Despite efforts to transition to renewable energy sources, the global demand for oil remains high. Governments recognize the need to meet this demand and ensure a stable energy supply to support industrial processes, transportation, and other key sectors. The oil and gas industry encompasses activities linked to exploration, including the search for hydrocarbons, identification of high-potential areas for oil and gas extraction, test drilling, the construction of wells, and initial extraction. According to the Center on Global Energy Policy, data 2023, the 2021–22 period of high oil and gas prices did not lead to a significant increase in capital spending by private companies despite record profits. One exception has been upstream exploration and production (E&P) companies, whose capital spending in 2022 was the highest since 2014.   According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), data 2022, the oil and gas industry makes a significant contribution to the global economy and to its growth and development worldwide. The oil industry alone accounts for almost 3 per cent of global domestic product. The trade in crude oil reached US$640 billion in 2020, making it one of the world’s most traded commodities. Additionally, the industry is highly capital-intensive. Globally investments in oil and gas supply reached more than US$511 billion in 2020. According to the oil and gas industry outlook, data 2023, rapid recovery in demand, and geopolitical developments have driven oil prices to 2014 highs and upstream cash flows to record levels. In 2022, the global upstream industry is projected to generate its highest-ever free cash flows of $1.4 trillion at an assumed average Brent oil price of $106/bbl. Until now, the industry has practiced capital discipline and focused on cash flow generation and pay-out—2022 year-to-date average O&G production is up by 4.5% over the same period last year, while 2022 free cash flows per barrel of production is projected to be higher by nearly 70% over 2021. In addition, high commodity prices and growing concerns over energy security are creating urgency for many to diversify supply and accelerate the energy transition. As a result, clean energy investment by Oil &Gas companies has risen by an average of 12% each year since 2020 and is expected to account for an estimated 5% of total Oil & Gas capex spending in 2022, up from less than 2% in 2020.Therefore, investments made over recent decades enabled the United States to become a world leader in oil and natural gas production. Thus, owing to increased oil production, the demand for oil exploration and production has surged during the past few years.

The rising demand for oil across both commercial and residential sector is expected to drive the market growth 

Oil remains a primary source of energy for transportation, including cars, trucks, ships, and airplanes. The growing global population, urbanization, and increased industrial activity contribute to a rise in the number of vehicles and the overall demand for transportation fuels derived from oil, such as gasoline and diesel. Many industrial processes rely on oil and its by-products as energy sources and raw materials. Industries such as manufacturing, petrochemicals, and construction utilize oil-based products for various applications, including heating, power generation, and the production of pl...

As of the fourth quarter of 2024, oil prices in the United Kingdom stood at 74 dollars per barrel, with prices expected to rise to 76.6 dollars a barrel in early 2025, before gradually falling in subsequent quarters.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global refining market size will be USD 1751454.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.0% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 700581.68 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 525436.26 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 402834.47 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 87572.71 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 35029.08 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The petroleum oil refinery category is the fastest growing segment of the refining industry

Market Dynamics of Refining Market

Key Drivers for Refining Market

Increasing Global Energy Consumption to Boost Market Growth

The refining market is undergoing significant changes driven by increasing global energy consumption, which is projected to rise due to population growth and industrialization. This surge in demand necessitates more efficient refining processes to convert crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Refiners are focusing on adopting advanced technologies and optimizing operations to meet stricter environmental regulations while enhancing output. Furthermore, the shift towards sustainable energy sources influences refiners to diversify their operations, integrating biofuels and renewable energy to align with global decarbonization efforts.

Rising Focus on R&D for New Refining Technologies to Drive Market Growth

The refining market is increasingly driven by a rising focus on research and development (R&D) for innovative refining technologies. As global demand for cleaner and more efficient energy sources grows, companies are investing in advanced refining methods to enhance productivity and reduce environmental impact. R&D initiatives are aimed at developing technologies such as hydrocracking, catalytic reforming, and biorefining, which improve product yields and lower greenhouse gas emissions. This strategic shift not only fosters sustainability but also positions refiners to meet regulatory standards and adapt to evolving market dynamics.

Restraint Factor for the Refining Market

Fluctuations in Crude Oil Prices will Limit Market Growth

The refining market is significantly influenced by fluctuations in crude oil prices, as these prices determine the cost of raw materials for refineries. When crude oil prices rise, refineries may experience increased operational costs, impacting their profit margins. Conversely, lower crude prices can enhance profitability but may reduce the incentive for exploration and production. Additionally, market dynamics such as geopolitical tensions, supply chain disruptions, and changes in demand for refined products can exacerbate price volatility, leading to unpredictable outcomes for refinery operations and profitability.

Volatility in Crude Oil Prices and Market Uncertainty hamper the market

A major constraint to the refining industry is crude oil price volatility, which has a direct bearing on profitability. Refining is a cost-heavy process, and crude price volatility can result in huge margin squeezes. When crude prices increase sharply, refiners tend to experience increased operational costs, and when prices fall, it can be an indicator of declining total demand for refined products, particularly during economic slowdown. Apart from price volatility, the refining industry is also influenced by geopolitical tensions, natural disasters, and supply chain disruptions that can further increase market instability. For example, geopolitical tensions in major oil-producing countries or shipping disruptions can lead to supply shortages or price spikes that hamper refiners' efficiency to operate. To cope with such challenges, refiners need to con...