Crude Oil fell to 59.17 USD/Bbl on December 2, 2025, down 0.25% from the previous day. Over the past month, Crude Oil's price has fallen 3.08%, and is down 15.40% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Crude Oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Monthly and long-term brent crude oil price data (US$/bbl): historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

Brent fell to 63.05 USD/Bbl on December 2, 2025, down 0.19% from the previous day. Over the past month, Brent's price has fallen 2.84%, and is down 14.36% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Brent crude oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The IEA is the energy institute expecting the highest oil surplus for 2025. As demand outlooks remain modest, robust production output throughout 2024 is expected to result in some form of oil surplus, which would also impact oil prices. Woodmac was the only energy institute surveyed that did not see a surplus for the year. Production growth amid lower demand expectations The expected surplus in 2025 is largely attributed to non-OPEC production growth from major producers such as the United States and newcomers like Guyana. Overall, worldwide liquid fuels production could see a steep increase in the first half of 2025, if producers like OPEC stick to their output plans. This would come in spite of modest consumption expectations. Again, the IEA is the institute predicting the lowest growth in global oil demand when compared to other industry bodies such as the EIA and OPEC. Forecasting centers diverge in opinion on oil future Not only near-term, also long-term oil demand projections have become increasingly divergent among major energy institutions. OPEC's 2024 outlook expects global oil demand to surpass *** million barrels per day by 2030, while the IEA's stated policies scenario anticipates demand reaching only ***** million barrels per day in the same year. Diesel and gasoil currently account for the largest share of oil product demand at ***** percent, though this is expected to decrease slightly by 2050. Jet fuel and kerosene are projected to see the greatest increase in demand shares over the coming decades.

Monthly and long-term wti crude oil price data (US$/bbl): historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

Heating Oil rose to 2.35 USD/Gal on December 2, 2025, up 0.21% from the previous day. Over the past month, Heating Oil's price has fallen 2.25%, but it is still 6.31% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Heating oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Monthly and long-term palm oil price data (US$/mt): historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

The Annual Energy Outlook presents longterm annual projections of energy supply, demand, and prices focused on the U.S. through 2050, based on results from EIA's National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). NEMS enables EIA to make projections under alternative, internally-consistent sets of assumptions, the results of which are presented as cases. The analysis in AEO2014 focuses on five primary cases: a Reference case, Low and High Economic Growth cases, and Low and High Oil Price cases. Users of the EIA API are required to obtain an API Key via this registration form: http://www.eia.gov/beta/api/register.cfm

As of the third quarter of 2025, oil prices in the United Kingdom stood at 68.1 dollars per barrel, with prices expected to fall to 65 dollars a barrel in the fourth quarter of the year.

About the ProjectKAPSARC is analyzing the shifting dynamics of the global gas markets. Global gas markets have turned upside down during the past five years: North America has emerged as a large potential future LNG exporter while gas demand growth has been slowing down as natural gas gets squeezed between coal and renewables. While the coming years will witness the fastest LNG export capacity expansion ever seen, many questions are raised on the next generation of LNG supply, the impact of low oil and gas prices on supply and demand patterns and how pricing and contractual structure may be affected by both the arrival of U.S. LNG on global gas markets and the desire of Asian buyers for cheaper gas.Key PointsIn the past year, global gas prices have dropped significantly, albeit at unequal paces depending on the region. All else being equal, economists would suggest that this should have generated a positive demand response. However, “all else” was not equal. Prices of other commodities also declined while economic growth forecasts were downgraded. Prices at benchmark points such as the U.K. National Balancing Point (NBP), U.S. Henry Hub (HH) and Japan/Korea Marker (JKM) slumped due to lower oil prices, liquefied natural gas (LNG) oversupply and unseasonal weather. Yet, the prices of natural gas in local currencies have increased in a number of developing countries in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, former Soviet Union (FSU) and Asia. North America experienced demand growth while gas in Europe and Asia faced rising competition from cheaper coal, renewables and, in some instances, nuclear. Gains to European demand were mostly weather related while increases in Africa and Latin America were not significant. For LNG, Europe became the market of last resort as Asian consumption declined. Moreover, an anticipated surge in LNG supply, brought on by several new projects, may lead to a confrontation with Russian or other pipeline gas suppliers to Europe. At the same time, Asian buyers are seeking concessions on pricing and flexibility in their long-term contracts. Looking ahead, natural gas has to prove itself a credible and affordable alternative to coal, notably in Asia, if the world is to reach its climate change targets. The future of the gas industry will also depend on oil prices, evolution of Chinese energy demand and impact of COP21 on national energy policies. Current low prices mean there is likely to be a pause in final investment decisions (FIDs) on LNG projects in the coming years.

Natural gas rose to 4.94 USD/MMBtu on December 3, 2025, up 2.04% from the previous day. Over the past month, Natural gas's price has risen 13.71%, and is up 62.29% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Natural gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Stocks of crude oil in the United States increased by 2.77million barrels in the week ending November 21 of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Crude Oil Stocks Change - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The price forecast for WCS oil is influenced by various factors including supply and demand dynamics, global oil market trends, and geopolitical developments. WCS oil prices are currently low due to heavy blend processing costs and limited pipeline capacity. Uncertainties in demand and geopolitical tensions impact the forecast, while pipeline projects and cleaner energy sources may affect long-term prices.

Monthly and long-term Angola Oil data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

UK oil and natural gas production is on long-term decline as old oil and gas fields in the North Sea mature and near the end of their life cycle. Oil and gas extracting companies reaped the rewards of an upsurge in global prices through 2022-23, leading to sharp revenue growth. However, this quickly turned around in 2023-24, with most major companies’ revenue nosediving along with oil prices as oil and gas from America flooded the market, slightly outpacing demand. Still, revenue is expected to expand at a compound annual rate of 5.1% over the five years through 2025-26 to £23 billion, owing primarily to the significant price hikes of 2021-22 and 2022-23. This includes a forecast dip of 4.3% in 2025-26, owing to oil and gas prices edging down. Profit is also slated to fall over the year. Global oil and gas prices greatly affect the industry's performance, with the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) putting supply cuts in place and global tensions resulting in price peaks and troughs. In October 2022, OPEC instituted a supply cut of two million barrels of crude oil per day, driving Brent Crude Oil prices up to US$110 (£87.80) per barrel, which was extended until March 2025. At the same time, the sanctions on Russian oil and gas imports because of the Russia-Ukraine conflict add further impetus to prices. The EU has banned imports of Russian-made oil and gas, providing opportunities for UK exporters. Crude oil prices remain high, but significant oil production from non-OPEC countries has made oil prices plummet since July 2024. Despite mounting tensions in the Middle East having the potential to cut oil supply from the region, the ongoing political tensions have yet to significantly impact global prices, with prices falling by 15.8% in the year to August 2025. Oil and gas prices are likely to continue inching downwards in the coming years. The UK government has implemented policies to create a more favourable environment for extractors in the North Sea to improve UK energy security. However, the depletion of natural resources, the high cost of extraction, low gas and oil prices and the global energy transition will threaten the industry's long-term viability. Revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 2% over the five years through 2030-31 to £25.4 billion, supported by two new major oil and gas fields, Jackdaw and Rosebank.

The size of the Marine Gas Oil Market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 4.00% during the forecast period. The market of marine gas oil is an important step in the business of shipping. Most ships and vessels, along commercial lines of shipping, fishing, and other operations, consume it as fuel. Since MGO results from refining crude oil, which has far less sulfur content than heavy fuel oil, it may be consumed by all shipping lines to help realize such stringent environmental regulations as the 2020 sulfur cap of the International Maritime Organization. This regulation leads to an extreme decrease in sulfur release from ships, hence the need for cleaner fuels such as MGO. Besides, a series of other factors including global trade dynamics, shipping activity and crude oil price volatilities can impact this market. With the growth in the international trade, demand for marine gas oil is expected to increase significantly in regions with very congested shipping lanes and ports. There has been a growing need for sustainable shipping too, and significant investment in alternative marine fuels like LNG and biofuels could pose major challenges in the market in the long term. Challenges are related to price volatility as well as to shift towards more sustainable fuel sources, however the immediate future is likely to witness the industry being in contest for adaptation of regulatory change and improvement in the environmental footprint of shipping organizations; the marine gas oil market will grow with vessels that operate efficiently and with stringent standards on emissions. Recent developments include: May 2022: Neste OYJ, in collaboration with its partner Nordic Marine Oil, started piloting a new Neste Marine 0.1 Co-processed marine fuel in Scandinavia to reduce greenhouse emissions. The fuel is based on Neste Marine 0.1 low-sulfur marine fuel, which is a range of low-sulfur marine fuels (Neste MGO DMA and Neste MDO DMB) with a sulfur concentration of less than 0.1%, January 2022: Sri Lanka's Hambantota port started MGO bunkering operations. According to the authorities, the MGO supplied is compliant with ISO 8271 standards and can also be provided to overseas locations such as the Maldives.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Modernization and Upgrades of Existing Military Aircraft Fleets4.; Increasing Defense Budgets. Potential restraints include: 4., Shift Toward Unmanned Aircraft. Notable trends are: Offshore Support Vessel (OSV) Segment to be the Fastest-Growing.

The global unleaded gasoline market is a significant sector within the energy industry, exhibiting robust growth potential. While precise market size figures for 2025 are not provided, considering typical market sizes for similar energy commodities and applying a reasonable CAGR (let's assume a CAGR of 3% based on industry trends for the period 2019-2024), a 2025 market size of approximately $750 billion USD is plausible. This projection is based on an estimation and should be verified with updated market research data. The market's growth is primarily driven by the continued reliance on gasoline-powered vehicles, particularly in developing economies experiencing rapid motorization. Increasing urbanization and expanding middle classes in these regions are fueling demand for personal transportation, thus driving up unleaded gasoline consumption. However, the shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) and stricter environmental regulations present significant restraints on long-term growth. Government initiatives promoting renewable energy sources and improved fuel efficiency standards are also factors impacting market dynamics. The market is segmented by gasoline type (regular, special) and application (automobile, motorcycle, others). Major players like Saudi Aramco, ExxonMobil, and Sinopec dominate the global production and distribution landscape, but emerging market producers are also gaining traction. The forecast period (2025-2033) will likely see a complex interplay between these factors. While the short-term outlook remains positive, driven by existing infrastructure and established consumption patterns, the long-term trajectory will significantly depend on the pace of EV adoption and the effectiveness of governmental policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions. Regional variations are expected, with mature markets in North America and Europe potentially exhibiting slower growth compared to rapidly developing economies in Asia-Pacific and parts of Africa. Continued geopolitical instability and fluctuations in crude oil prices will further influence the market's overall trajectory. The CAGR for the forecast period (2025-2033) might show a gradual decline, potentially settling around 2-2.5% due to the aforementioned restraints. A more precise CAGR can only be determined by utilizing the complete market research data containing accurate values for the study period. This report provides a detailed analysis of the global unleaded gasoline market, examining production volumes exceeding 90 million barrels per day, consumption patterns, key players, and future growth prospects. The analysis incorporates data from major oil-producing and consuming nations, offering insights into regional variations and market dynamics. This report is essential for industry stakeholders, investors, and policymakers seeking a comprehensive understanding of this critical energy sector.

The Oil and Gas Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) market is projected to experience steady growth, driven by increasing global energy demand and the need for infrastructure upgrades and expansion. A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.27% from 2019 to 2033 indicates a consistently positive trajectory, though fluctuating oil prices and geopolitical instability may influence year-to-year variations. The market is segmented by sector (Upstream, Midstream, Downstream) and location (Onshore, Offshore), with significant investments expected across all areas. Upstream activities, encompassing exploration and production, will likely dominate CAPEX due to the ongoing need to discover and develop new reserves to meet future energy needs. However, substantial investments are also anticipated in Midstream (pipelines, storage) and Downstream (refineries, petrochemicals) to enhance efficiency and capacity. The geographic distribution of CAPEX will reflect existing production hubs and emerging energy markets. North America, particularly the United States, and the Asia-Pacific region, with China and India leading, will remain major investment areas, although the Middle East and Africa are expected to attract increasing attention based on their significant hydrocarbon reserves. Major players such as BP, Shell, Chevron, ExxonMobil, and state-owned companies like CNPC and ONGC will play critical roles in shaping CAPEX trends, influencing decisions on technology adoption and project development. The ongoing energy transition and the push towards sustainable energy sources will present both challenges and opportunities, potentially impacting the long-term outlook for Oil and Gas CAPEX. While environmental regulations and a shift towards renewable energy sources may restrain growth, the sustained demand for oil and gas, at least in the medium term, will ensure continued investments in the sector, even if at a potentially slower pace. While the provided data lacks specific market size figures, a reasonable estimation can be made. Assuming a market size of $1 trillion (USD) in 2025, a 4.27% CAGR would translate to significant increases over the forecast period (2025-2033). This projection must acknowledge uncertainties. Geopolitical events, technological advancements (like enhanced oil recovery techniques), and the pace of the global energy transition could affect this trajectory. Nevertheless, substantial capital expenditure is anticipated in the Oil and Gas industry, with specific allocations varying depending on sector, geography, and the strategies of key industry players. The ongoing evolution of energy markets, the need for infrastructure modernization, and the imperative to meet global energy demand will all influence future investment decisions. Recent developments include: In January 2023, Cairn Oil & Gas, Vedanta Limited, one of the major oil and gas exploration and production companies in India, signed a proposal for USD 2.5 billion investment in the oil and gas sector. Cairn Vedanta has started exploration and other development works in the Petroleum Exploration Licence (PEL) and Petroleum Mining Lease (PML) blocks in Barmer and Jalore districts, Rajasthan., In February 2022, the Government of India owned Public Sector Units (PSUs) such as Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), GAIL (India) Ltd., Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) announced USD 14.5 billion, as part of center's massive spending on an expansion drive to spur economic growth.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Increasing Demand for Natural Gas and Developing Gas Infrastructure 4.; Increasing Offshore Oil & Gas Exploration Activities. Potential restraints include: 4., Increasing Demand for Natural Gas and Developing Gas Infrastructure 4.; Increasing Offshore Oil & Gas Exploration Activities. Notable trends are: Upstream Sector to Dominate the Market.

Crude oil prices experienced volatility today due to a combination of factors including global demand concerns, positive developments in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and supply considerations. The EIA's report on crude oil inventories also provided support to prices. Uncertainties persist, and the market remains cautious about the long-term outlook for crude oil prices.

The global crude oil trading market, a multi-trillion dollar industry, is characterized by intense competition among major players and significant influence from geopolitical events and macroeconomic factors. While precise market sizing data is not provided, leveraging publicly available information suggests a 2025 market value in the range of $3-4 trillion USD, reflecting the enormous volume of crude oil traded globally. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) – while unspecified – is likely to be in the low single digits over the forecast period (2025-2033), influenced by factors such as fluctuating demand driven by global economic growth, the ongoing energy transition toward renewable sources, and OPEC+ production policies. Key drivers include increasing global energy demand from developing economies, particularly in Asia, and the continued reliance on crude oil as a primary energy source. Trends indicate a shift towards greater transparency and digitalization within trading operations, as well as a growing focus on sustainability and environmental concerns impacting trading strategies and investments in carbon capture technologies. Restraints include price volatility caused by geopolitical instability, regulatory changes, and the increasing adoption of alternative energy sources. The market is segmented by various factors including crude type (Brent, WTI, etc.), trading location (spot, futures, etc.), and geographical regions. The major players in this market, including Vitol, Trafigura, Glencore, Gunvor, and the integrated oil majors (BP, Shell, TotalEnergies, Chevron), continue to dominate the landscape due to their established networks, financial strength, and access to vast resources. However, emerging players from Asia and the Middle East are increasingly challenging this dominance. Regional dynamics significantly impact trading patterns, with North America, Europe, and Asia remaining crucial regions. The forecast period will likely witness continued consolidation within the industry, strategic partnerships, and innovation in trading technology. The overall market is expected to demonstrate resilience despite the long-term shift towards decarbonization, largely driven by the continued demand for oil, particularly in transportation and industrial sectors. This necessitates continuous adaptation and strategic planning by market participants to navigate the evolving dynamics of the crude oil trading landscape effectively.