Brent fell to 63.05 USD/Bbl on December 2, 2025, down 0.19% from the previous day. Over the past month, Brent's price has fallen 2.84%, and is down 14.36% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Brent crude oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Crude Oil fell to 59.17 USD/Bbl on December 2, 2025, down 0.25% from the previous day. Over the past month, Crude Oil's price has fallen 3.08%, and is down 15.40% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Crude Oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

On October 27, 2025, the Brent crude oil price stood at 65.14 U.S. dollars per barrel, compared to 61.31 U.S. dollars for WTI oil and 67.54 U.S. dollars for the OPEC basket. Oil prices rose slightly that week.Europe's Brent crude oil, the U.S. WTI crude oil, and OPEC's basket are three of the most important benchmarks used by traders as reference for global oil and gasoline prices. Lowest ever oil prices during coronavirus pandemic In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic resulted in crude oil prices hitting a major slump as oil demand drastically declined following lockdowns and travel restrictions. Initial outlooks and uncertainty surrounding the course of the pandemic brought about a disagreement between two of the largest oil producers, Russia and Saudi Arabia, in early March. Bilateral talks between global oil producers ended in agreement on April 13th, with promises to cut petroleum output and hopes rising that these might help stabilize the oil price in the coming weeks. However, with storage facilities and oil tankers quickly filling up, fears grew over where to store excess oil, leading to benchmark prices seeing record negative prices between April 20 and April 22, 2020. How crude oil prices are determined As with most commodities, crude oil prices are impacted by supply and demand, as well as inventories and market sentiment. However, as oil is most often traded in future contracts (where a contract is agreed upon while product delivery will follow in the next two to three months), market speculation is one of the principal determinants for oil prices. Traders make conclusions on how production output and consumer demand will likely develop over the coming months, leaving room for uncertainty. Spot prices differ from futures in so far as they reflect the current market price of a commodity.

As of August 2025, the average annual price of Brent crude oil stood at 71.3 U.S. dollars per barrel. This is over nine U.S. dollars lower than the 2024 average. Brent is the world's leading price benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils. Crude oil is one of the most closely observed commodity prices as it influences costs across all stages of the production process and consequently alters the price of consumer goods as well. What determines crude oil benchmarks? In the past decade, crude oil prices have been especially volatile. Their inherent inelasticity regarding short-term changes in demand and supply means that oil prices are erratic by nature. However, since the 2009 financial crisis, many commercial developments have greatly contributed to price volatility, such as economic growth by BRIC countries like China and India, and the advent of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling in the U.S. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war are examples of geopolitical events dictating prices. Light crude oils - Brent and WTI Brent Crude is considered a classification of sweet light crude oil and acts as a benchmark price for oil around the world. It is considered a sweet light crude oil due to its low sulfur content and low density and may be easily refined into gasoline. This oil originates in the North Sea and comprises several different oil blends, including Brent Blend and Ekofisk crude. Often, this crude oil is refined in Northwest Europe. Another sweet light oil often referenced alongside UK Brent is West Texas Intermediate (WTI). WTI oil prices amounted to 76.55 U.S. dollars per barrel in 2024.

Heating Oil rose to 2.35 USD/Gal on December 2, 2025, up 0.21% from the previous day. Over the past month, Heating Oil's price has fallen 2.25%, but it is still 6.31% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Heating oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Brent crude oil is projected to have an average annual spot price of 67.22 U.S. dollars per barrel in 2025, according to a forecast from May 2025. This would mean a decrease of more than 13 U.S. dollars compared to the previous year and also reflect a reduced forecast WTI crude oil price. Lower economic activity, an increase in OPEC+ production output, and uncertainty over trade tariffs all impacted price forecasting. All about Brent Also known as Brent Blend, London Brent, and Brent petroleum, Brent Crude is a crude oil benchmark named after the exploration site in the North Sea's Brent oilfield. It is a sweet light crude oil but slightly heavier than West Texas Intermediate. In this context, sweet refers to a low sulfur content and light refers to a relatively low density when compared to other crude oil benchmarks. Price development in the 2020s Oil prices are volatile, impacted by consumer demand and discoveries of new oilfields, new extraction methods such as fracking, and production caps routinely placed by OPEC on its member states. The price for Brent crude oil stood at an average of just 42 U.S. dollars in 2020, when the coronavirus pandemic resulted in a sudden demand drop. Two years later, sanctions on Russian energy imports had pushed up prices to a new decade-high, above 100 U.S. dollars per barrel.

Graph and download economic data for Crude Oil Prices: Brent - Europe (DCOILBRENTEU) from 1987-05-20 to 2025-11-03 about crude, oil, Europe, commodities, and price.

Urals Oil fell to 54.22 USD/Bbl on December 1, 2025, down 0.37% from the previous day. Over the past month, Urals Oil's price has fallen 7.52%, and is down 17.95% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Urals Crude.

View monthly updates and historical trends for Olive Oil Price. Source: International Monetary Fund. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

Real-time natural gas (uk) price data updated every 5 minutes

In May 2025, the average monthly price of the Urals crude oil, Russia's major export oil brand, was approximately ***** U.S. dollars per barrel, having decreased from the previous month. In 2020, the price of the Urals experienced a considerable decrease at the beginning of the year due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, dropping to as low as **** U.S. dollars per barrel in April. What is the purpose of the Russian oil price cap? In early December 2022, the G7 (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom (UK), and the United States), the European Union (EU), and Australia formed the Price Cap Coalition and imposed a price cap of 60 U.S. dollars per barrel on oil originating in Russia. The aim of the price ceiling is to decrease Russia’s earnings from oil exports and thereby limit the Russian government’s budget to finance the war in Ukraine. At the same time, the cap is meant to ensure that Russia continues to supply oil to emerging economies, though at a discounted price. With the cap in place, Russia cannot sell oil at a higher price even to third countries if the oil tankers are financed or insured by members of the Price Cap Coalition. In early February 2023, a price cap of 100 U.S. dollars per barrel was imposed on Russian refined oil products. Global dependence on Russian oil China was Russia’s leading crude oil export destination, with the value of exports measured at nearly **** billion U.S. dollars in 2021. In physical terms, Russia supplied around *** million metric tons of crude oil to China in 2024, being the leading crude oil import origin in the country ahead of Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, European countries were major consumers of Russian oil prior to the war in Ukraine. For instance, Russia accounted for over ** percent of oil and petroleum products imported into Slovakia in 2020. To compare, the dependence rate stood at nearly ** percent in Lithuania, ** percent in Germany, and ** percent in the UK.

UK Gas fell to 72.60 GBp/thm on December 2, 2025, down 1.67% from the previous day. Over the past month, UK Gas's price has fallen 11.75%, and is down 40.33% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. UK Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

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Palm Oil Market Size 2025-2029

The palm oil market size is valued to increase USD 54.4 billion, at a CAGR of 9% from 2024 to 2029. Increasing consumer awareness regarding health benefits of palm oil will drive the palm oil market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

APAC dominated the market and accounted for a 73% growth during the forecast period.
By Application - Edible oil segment was valued at USD 54.00 billion in 2023
By Type - Conventional segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 92.90 billion
Market Future Opportunities: USD 54.40 billion
CAGR : 9%
APAC: Largest market in 2023

Market Summary

The market encompasses the production, refining, and distribution of palm oil and its derivatives. This dynamic market is driven by the increasing demand for palm oil in core applications, such as food, cosmetics, and biodiesel. According to recent reports, the food industry accounts for approximately 65% of palm oil consumption, with the biodiesel sector emerging as a significant growth avenue. However, the market faces challenges from environmental concerns, particularly regarding deforestation and plant diversity losses. In 2020, it was estimated that around 10 million hectares of forest were lost due to palm oil cultivation. Despite these challenges, opportunities for sustainable production and innovative technologies continue to unfold, ensuring the market remains a vital and evolving sector in the global economy.

What will be the Size of the Palm Oil Market during the forecast period?

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How is the Palm Oil Market Segmented and what are the key trends of market segmentation?

The palm oil industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Application

  Edible oil
  Surfactants
  Bio-diesel
  Others


Type

  Conventional
  Organic


Geography

  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    Qatar
    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Indonesia
    Malaysia
    Pakistan


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Application Insights

The edible oil segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Palm oil, a widely used edible oil, holds significant importance in various industries, particularly in Asia. Approximately 45% of global palm oil production is attributed to palm fruit oil, primarily used in food processing due to its lower trans fat content and cost-effectiveness. Palm kernel oil, the other form, accounts for around 25% of the production. The food sector's reliance on palm oil is increasing, with an estimated 67% of its usage in food manufacturing. Moreover, the environmental impact of palm oil production is a growing concern. To address this, initiatives focusing on deforestation monitoring, water use efficiency, extraction rate optimization, and carbon footprint reduction are gaining traction.

The industry is also investing in soil nutrient management, palm oil byproducts utilization, and traceability systems to enhance supply chain transparency. The market's future growth is promising, with an anticipated 20% increase in demand for palm oil byproducts in the next five years. Additionally, there is a rising trend towards sustainable palm oil production, with RSPO certification becoming increasingly common. Oil palm cultivation is also evolving, with the adoption of high-yielding varieties, integrated pest management, and oil palm genetics. In terms of production processes, improvements in palm oil fractionation, fertilizer application techniques, biodiesel production, and irrigation efficiency are essential for maintaining competitiveness.

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The Edible oil segment was valued at USD 54.00 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Furthermore, biomass utilization and palm oil refining are being explored to minimize waste and optimize resource utilization. Smallholder farmers are also receiving support to improve their productivity and sustainability through various initiatives. These efforts aim to ensure the long-term viability of the palm oil industry while minimizing its environmental impact.

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Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute 73% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The market in the Asia Pacific (APAC) region experiences significant growth, driven by the expanding economies of China, Australia, Thailand, South Ko

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Oil And Gas Pipeline Market Size 2025-2029

The oil and gas pipeline market size is valued to increase by USD 65.9 billion, at a CAGR of 4.6% from 2024 to 2029. Rising energy consumption globally will drive the oil and gas pipeline market.

Market Insights

APAC dominated the market and accounted for a 36% growth during the 2025-2029.
By Application - Onshore segment was valued at USD 133.00 billion in 2023
By Type - Gas segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 41.46 billion 
Market Future Opportunities 2024: USD 65.90 billion
CAGR from 2024 to 2029 : 4.6%

Market Summary

The market is a critical infrastructure sector that facilitates the transportation of crude oil and natural gas from production sites to refineries and end-users. With rising energy consumption worldwide, the demand for efficient and reliable pipeline systems is increasing. Technological advances in pipeline inspection, such as the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, enable early detection of potential leaks and maintenance issues, ensuring operational efficiency and safety. However, the market faces challenges, including the volatility in crude oil prices, which can impact the profitability of pipeline operators. A real-world business scenario illustrates the importance of pipeline optimization in the face of price volatility. A major oil and gas company seeks to minimize its operational costs while ensuring regulatory compliance and maintaining a reliable supply chain. By implementing advanced pipeline monitoring systems and predictive analytics, the company can optimize its pipeline operations, reduce downtime, and minimize the impact of price fluctuations on its bottom line. Despite the challenges, the market continues to evolve, driven by technological innovations and the growing demand for energy.

What will be the size of the Oil And Gas Pipeline Market during the forecast period?

Get Key Insights on Market Forecast (PDF) Request Free SampleThe market continues to evolve, with a focus on enhancing pipeline network efficiency and ensuring pipeline integrity. One significant trend is the integration of advanced technologies such as pipeline simulation, flow measurement, and remote monitoring. These technologies enable real-time data acquisition, enabling proactive pipeline maintenance and reducing the risk of pipeline failures. For instance, pipeline operators have reported a 25% increase in the detection of potential corrosion issues through remote monitoring, leading to substantial cost savings from avoiding costly repairs or replacements. Moreover, pipeline operators are investing in pipeline automation and smart pipeline systems, which allow for real-time pressure monitoring, structural monitoring, and capacity optimization. These systems also facilitate predictive maintenance, reducing downtime and increasing pipeline productivity. Additionally, environmental assessment and safety regulations are becoming increasingly stringent, necessitating the adoption of geotechnical design, SCADA integration, and stress analysis to ensure pipeline safety and minimize environmental impact. Overall, these technological advancements and regulatory requirements are shaping the future of the market, requiring boardroom-level decisions around material selection, pipeline rehabilitation, and budgeting.

Unpacking the Oil And Gas Pipeline Market Landscape

In the dynamic the market, adherence to stringent pipeline safety regulations is paramount. Structural health monitoring and pipeline integrity management are critical components of maintaining regulatory compliance and ensuring operational efficiency. For instance, advanced pipeline simulation and predictive maintenance models enable cost-effective identification and resolution of potential issues, leading to a significant reduction in downtime and maintenance costs. Furthermore, smart pipeline technology, such as SCADA system integration and leak detection technology, enhances real-time flow rate measurement and pressure drop monitoring, optimizing pipeline capacity and throughput. Material selection criteria and pipeline network design are essential factors in minimizing external pipeline corrosion and environmental impact assessment. Pipeline automation systems and pipeline control systems further streamline operations, while pipeline stress analysis and pipeline risk assessment ensure optimal pipeline performance and safety. Cathodic protection systems and corrosion monitoring systems play a crucial role in maintaining pipeline integrity, while geotechnical pipeline design and pipeline rehabilitation techniques ensure long-term durability. Remote monitoring sensors and weld inspection techniques facilitate efficient pipeline inspection, ensuring continuous pipeline integrity verificati

Rapeseed fell to 479.03 EUR/T on December 1, 2025, down 0.87% from the previous day. Over the past month, Rapeseed's price has fallen 0.10%, and is down 6.68% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Rapeseed Oil.

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Oil And Gas Logistics Market Size 2025-2029

The oil and gas logistics market size is valued to increase by USD 5.06 billion, at a CAGR of 5.4% from 2024 to 2029. Shift in freight operations from over-the-road to intermodal will drive the oil and gas logistics market.

Market Insights

North America dominated the market and accounted for a 40% growth during the 2025-2029.
By Application - Onshore segment was valued at USD 9.88 billion in 2023
By Type - Pipeline segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 49.61 million 
Market Future Opportunities 2024: USD 5057.10 million
CAGR from 2024 to 2029 : 5.4%

Market Summary

The market plays a pivotal role in the global energy sector, facilitating the efficient movement of crude oil and natural gas from production sites to end-users. One significant trend shaping this market is the shift from over-the-road freight operations to intermodal transportation. Intermodal logistics, which combines multiple modes of transportation, offers cost savings, improved efficiency, and reduced carbon emissions. Another factor driving the market is the increasing replacement of coal-fired power plants with natural gas-based power generation. Natural gas is a cleaner-burning fuel, contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved environmental sustainability. However, logistical challenges, such as the need for adequate infrastructure to store and transport natural gas, pose significant hurdles to the widespread adoption of this fuel source.
Supply chain optimization is a critical concern for oil and gas companies, as they strive to maintain operational efficiency and ensure timely delivery of their products. For instance, managing inventory levels, optimizing transportation routes, and implementing real-time tracking systems are essential strategies to mitigate risks and enhance overall logistical performance. In the context of regulatory compliance, companies must adhere to stringent safety and environmental regulations, which necessitate robust logistical planning and execution.

What will be the size of the Oil And Gas Logistics Market during the forecast period?

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The market continues to evolve, presenting both challenges and opportunities for industry players. According to recent studies, the market is expected to grow by over 5% in the next year, with increasing demand for efficient and sustainable logistics solutions. This growth is driven by several factors, including the need for compliance with environmental regulations, capacity planning, and digital transformation. Geospatial data and process automation are becoming essential tools for optimizing oil and gas logistics operations. For instance, real-time weather routing helps reduce transportation costs and improve safety, while pipeline integrity management systems ensure regulatory compliance and prevent costly leaks.
Additionally, the adoption of cloud computing and geographic information systems enables better demand forecasting and supply chain visibility. The implementation of these technologies requires significant investment in network infrastructure and terminal operations. Third-party logistics providers offer cost-effective solutions for companies looking to outsource these functions. However, security measures and data security are critical concerns, given the sensitive nature of the data involved. Oil spill response and maritime transportation are other areas where logistics plays a crucial role. Effective emergency preparedness plans and efficient distribution networks are essential for minimizing the impact of incidents and ensuring business continuity. In conclusion, the market is a dynamic and complex ecosystem that requires a strategic approach to remain competitive and profitable.
Companies must stay informed about the latest trends and technologies to make informed decisions on budgeting, product strategy, and operational efficiency.

Unpacking the Oil And Gas Logistics Market Landscape

In the dynamic oil and gas logistics sector, flow rate measurement and asset tracking are crucial components of throughput optimization. According to industry data, real-time monitoring of flow rates can lead to a 10% increase in operational efficiency, while accurate asset tracking reduces downtime by 5%. Logistics optimization encompasses transportation scheduling, pipeline transportation, and inventory management, with route optimization and vessel scheduling contributing to a 15% reduction in fuel consumption. Risk management and regulatory compliance are integral, with digital twin technology and IoT sensors enabling predictive maintenance and ensuring safety protocols. Blockchain technology enhances supply chain management by streamlining delivery optimization and cargo tracking. Pipel

The average gas price in Great Britain in July 2025 was 79.28 British pence per therm. This was five pence lower than the same month the year prior and follows a trend of increasing gas prices. Energy prices in the UK Energy prices in the UK have been exceptionally volatile throughout the 2020s. Multiple factors, such as a lack of gas storage availability and the large share of gas in heating, have exacerbated the supply issue in the UK that followed the Russia-Ukraine war. This has also led to many smaller suppliers announcing bankruptcy, while an upped price cap threatened the energy security of numerous households. The United Kingdom has some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide. How is gas used in the UK? According to a 2023 survey conducted by the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, 58 percent of respondents used gas as a heating method during the winter months. On average, household expenditure on energy from gas in the UK stood at some 24.9 billion British pounds in 2023, double the amount spent just two years prior.

These data accompany the publication "Trends, Reversion, and Critical Phenomena in Financial Markets".

They contain daily data from Jan 1992 to Dec 2019 on 24 financial markets, namely

• 6 equity indices: S&P 500, TSE 60, DAX 30, FTSE 100, Nikkei 225, Hang Seng
• 6 Interest rates for government bonds: US 10-year, Canada 10-year, Germany 10-year, UK 10-year, Japan 10-year, Australia 3-year
• 6 FX rates: CAD/USD, EUR/USD, GBP/USD, JPY/USD, AUD/USD, NZD/USD
• 6 Commodities: Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Gold, Copper, Soybeans, Live Cattle

The data are provided in 13 columns:

• Column 1: date
• Column 2: market
• Column 3: daily log return of futures on that market, normalized to have mean 0 and standard deviation 1 over the 28-year time period
• Columns 4-13: trend strengths in that market over 10 different time horizons of (2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024) business days.

The trend strengths are defined in the accompanying paper. They are cut off at plus/minus 2.5. The daily log returns were computed from daily futures prices, rolled 5 days prior to first notice, which were taken from Bloomberg. The following mean returns and volatilites were used to normalize the daily log returns in column 3:

Market Mean St. Dev.

S&P 500 2.217% 1.100% TSE 60 2.416% 1.067% DAX 30 1.199% 1.366% FTSE 100 1.053% 1.103% Nikkei 225 -0.483% 1.486% Hang Seng 0.768% 1.674% US 10-year 3.734% 0.366% Can. 10-year 3.637% 0.376% Ger. 10-year 4.141% 0.337% UK 10-year 2.983% 0.419% Jap. 10-year 4.453% 0.249% Aus. 3-year 3.029% 0.074% CAD/USD 0.048% 0.479% EUR/USD -0.222% 0.619% GBP/USD 0.316% 0.597% JPY/USD -0.761% 0.667% AUD/USD 0.851% 0.725% NZD/USD 1.563% 0.724% Crude Oil 0.093% 2.243% Natural Gas -2.649% 2.985% Gold 0.580% 0.987% Copper 0.936% 1.586% Soybeans 0.631% 1.360% Live Cattle 0.483% 0.894%

On October 27, 2025, the price of ultra-low sulfur unleaded petrol (gasoline) in the United Kingdom averaged 134.4 pence per liter. This compared to 143.26 pence per liter for diesel. Diesel prices were consistently higher than petrol/gasoline prices throughout this period, although the margin varied. Reasons for such differences in pricing lie in the refining process and molecular makeup of the products, with diesel requiring more complex refining processes and being an overall heavier liquid. As motor fuel pricing in the UK is not regulated by a monitoring body, there may also be notable differences in prices between retailers and regions. Supermarkets provide lowest fuel prices in the UK In the UK, much of the motor fuel is sold through supermarkets. Large supermarkets, or hypermarkets, account for more than 40 percent of all motor fuel sales in the country. The reason for their popularity often lies in the fact that they offer lower average prices. In the last four years, regular petrol/gasoline sold at supermarkets was up to six pence per liter cheaper than the national average. How UK fuel prices compare to the rest of the world Tied as they are to crude oil prices, motor fuels are generally cheapest in major producing countries, such as Iran, Venezuela, and Russia. In Europe, costs of importing the raw or finished products, in addition to taxes and levies, may hike up pump prices significantly. The UK is often among the countries with the highest petrol/gasoline prices, alongside other large European car markets such as France and Germany.