As of August 2025, the average annual price of Brent crude oil stood at 71.3 U.S. dollars per barrel. This is over nine U.S. dollars lower than the 2024 average. Brent is the world's leading price benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils. Crude oil is one of the most closely observed commodity prices as it influences costs across all stages of the production process and consequently alters the price of consumer goods as well. What determines crude oil benchmarks? In the past decade, crude oil prices have been especially volatile. Their inherent inelasticity regarding short-term changes in demand and supply means that oil prices are erratic by nature. However, since the 2009 financial crisis, many commercial developments have greatly contributed to price volatility, such as economic growth by BRIC countries like China and India, and the advent of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling in the U.S. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war are examples of geopolitical events dictating prices. Light crude oils - Brent and WTI Brent Crude is considered a classification of sweet light crude oil and acts as a benchmark price for oil around the world. It is considered a sweet light crude oil due to its low sulfur content and low density and may be easily refined into gasoline. This oil originates in the North Sea and comprises several different oil blends, including Brent Blend and Ekofisk crude. Often, this crude oil is refined in Northwest Europe. Another sweet light oil often referenced alongside UK Brent is West Texas Intermediate (WTI). WTI oil prices amounted to 76.55 U.S. dollars per barrel in 2024.

The article provides an overview of the oil price in 2015, highlighting factors such as oversupply, declining global demand, and geopolitical events that influenced the market. It discusses the volatility of oil prices throughout the year and showcases the downward trend in the first half followed by a gradual recovery in the second half. The article mentions the average price of Brent crude oil for the year and describes the spikes and troughs in the oil price chart for 2015.

The 2025 annual OPEC basket price stood at ***** U.S. dollars per barrel as of August. This would be lower than the 2024 average, which amounted to ***** U.S. dollars. The abbreviation OPEC stands for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and includes Algeria, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the United Arab Emirates. The aim of the OPEC is to coordinate the oil policies of its member states. It was founded in 1960 in Baghdad, Iraq. The OPEC Reference Basket The OPEC crude oil price is defined by the price of the so-called OPEC (Reference) basket. This basket is an average of prices of the various petroleum blends that are produced by the OPEC members. Some of these oil blends are, for example: Saharan Blend from Algeria, Basra Light from Iraq, Arab Light from Saudi Arabia, BCF 17 from Venezuela, et cetera. By increasing and decreasing its oil production, OPEC tries to keep the price between a given maxima and minima. Benchmark crude oil The OPEC basket is one of the most important benchmarks for crude oil prices worldwide. Other significant benchmarks are UK Brent, West Texas Intermediate (WTI), and Dubai Crude (Fateh). Because there are many types and grades of oil, such benchmarks are indispensable for referencing them on the global oil market. The 2025 fall in prices was the result of weakened demand outlooks exacerbated by extensive U.S. trade tariffs.

Analysis of the fluctuating crude oil prices in 2015, from multi-year lows to a partial recovery, and ending the year at similar levels, impacted by oversupply and global economic concerns.

This statistic displays a global forecast on oil prices by quarter in 2015, for UK Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI). In the first quarter of 2015, Brent oil prices is predicted to reach ** U.S. dollars per barrel.

United Kingdom BOE Forecast: Brent Crude Oil Price data was reported at 71.000 USD/Barrel in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 74.000 USD/Barrel for 2020. United Kingdom BOE Forecast: Brent Crude Oil Price data is updated yearly, averaging 72.500 USD/Barrel from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2021, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 81.000 USD/Barrel in 2018 and a record low of 43.000 USD/Barrel in 2015. United Kingdom BOE Forecast: Brent Crude Oil Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of England. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.P009: Crude Oil and Gas Prices: Forecast.

The 2025 preliminary average annual price of West Texas Intermediate crude oil reached 67.83 U.S. dollars per barrel as of August. This would be nine U.S. dollars below the 2024 average and the lowest annual average since 2021. WTI and other benchmarks WTI is a grade of crude oil also known as “Texas light sweet.” It is measured to have an API gravity of around 39.6 and specific gravity of about 0.83, which is considered “light” relative to other crude oils. This oil also contains roughly 0.24 percent sulfur, and is therefore named “sweet.” Crude oils are some of the most closely observed commodity prices in the world. WTI is the underlying commodity of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange’s oil futures contracts. The price of other crude oils, such as UK Brent crude oil, the OPEC crude oil basket, and Dubai Fateh oil, can be compared to that of WTI crude oil. Since 1976, the price of WTI crude oil has increased notably, rising from just 12.23 U.S. dollars per barrel in 1976 to a peak of 99.06 dollars per barrel in 2008. Geopolitical conflicts and their impact on oil prices The price of oil is controlled in part by limiting oil production. Prior to 1971, the Texas Railroad Commission controlled the price of oil by setting limits on production of U.S. oil. In 1971, the Texas Railroad Commission ceased limiting production, but OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries with member states Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela among others, continued to do so. In 1972, due to geopolitical conflict, OPEC set an oil embargo and cut oil production, causing prices to quadruple by 1974. Oil prices rose again in 1979 and 1980 due to the Iranian revolution, and doubled between 1978 and 1981 as the Iran-Iraq War prevented oil production. A number of geopolitical conflicts and periods of increased production and consumption have influenced the price of oil since then.

On October 27, 2025, the Brent crude oil price stood at 65.14 U.S. dollars per barrel, compared to 61.31 U.S. dollars for WTI oil and 67.54 U.S. dollars for the OPEC basket. Oil prices rose slightly that week.Europe's Brent crude oil, the U.S. WTI crude oil, and OPEC's basket are three of the most important benchmarks used by traders as reference for global oil and gasoline prices. Lowest ever oil prices during coronavirus pandemic In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic resulted in crude oil prices hitting a major slump as oil demand drastically declined following lockdowns and travel restrictions. Initial outlooks and uncertainty surrounding the course of the pandemic brought about a disagreement between two of the largest oil producers, Russia and Saudi Arabia, in early March. Bilateral talks between global oil producers ended in agreement on April 13th, with promises to cut petroleum output and hopes rising that these might help stabilize the oil price in the coming weeks. However, with storage facilities and oil tankers quickly filling up, fears grew over where to store excess oil, leading to benchmark prices seeing record negative prices between April 20 and April 22, 2020. How crude oil prices are determined As with most commodities, crude oil prices are impacted by supply and demand, as well as inventories and market sentiment. However, as oil is most often traded in future contracts (where a contract is agreed upon while product delivery will follow in the next two to three months), market speculation is one of the principal determinants for oil prices. Traders make conclusions on how production output and consumer demand will likely develop over the coming months, leaving room for uncertainty. Spot prices differ from futures in so far as they reflect the current market price of a commodity.

This dataset contains information about world's crude oil prices for 1861-2020. Data from BP. Follow datasource.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research.Notes: 1861-1944 US Average 1945-1983 Arabian Light posted at Ras Tanura 1984-2016 Brent dated. $2020 (deflated using the Consumer Price Index for the US

The Asia Pacific Crude Oil market reached of around 35.3 million tonnes in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 3.52% till the year 2032.

Monthly average retail prices for gasoline and fuel oil for Canada, selected provincial cities, Whitehorse and Yellowknife. Prices are presented for the current month and previous four months. Includes fuel type and the price in cents per litre.

Indonesia DJ ANGGARAN Forecast: Crude Oil Price data was reported at 70.000 USD/Barrel in 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 48.000 USD/Barrel for 2018. Indonesia DJ ANGGARAN Forecast: Crude Oil Price data is updated yearly, averaging 57.000 USD/Barrel from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2019, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 105.000 USD/Barrel in 2015 and a record low of 10.500 USD/Barrel in 1999. Indonesia DJ ANGGARAN Forecast: Crude Oil Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Directorate General of Budget. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.FA001: Government Budget: Forecast: Directorate General of Budget.

Finland BOF Forecast: Export Price Index excl Oil: National Currencies: 2015=100 data was reported at 137.100 2015=100 in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 136.100 2015=100 for 2023. Finland BOF Forecast: Export Price Index excl Oil: National Currencies: 2015=100 data is updated yearly, averaging 133.200 2015=100 from Dec 2020 (Median) to 2024, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 137.100 2015=100 in 2024 and a record low of 105.100 2015=100 in 2020. Finland BOF Forecast: Export Price Index excl Oil: National Currencies: 2015=100 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Finland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.I032: Exports Price Index: 2010=100: Forecast: Bank of Finland.

This dataset contains daily historical data of major financial instruments and indexes from January 1, 2015, to August 15, 2025 . It includes the following columns:

SPX – S&P 500 Index daily closing prices.

GLD – SPDR Gold Shares ETF daily adjusted closing prices.

USO – United States Oil Fund ETF daily adjusted closing prices.

SLV – iShares Silver Trust ETF daily adjusted closing prices.

EUR/USD – Daily Euro to US Dollar exchange rate.

The data was collected from Yahoo Finance using the yfinance Python library. The dataset is intended for research, analysis, and educational purposes.

Finland BOF Forecast: Export Price Index excl Oil: Euro: 2015=100 data was reported at 129.300 2015=100 in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 128.300 2015=100 for 2023. Finland BOF Forecast: Export Price Index excl Oil: Euro: 2015=100 data is updated yearly, averaging 124.700 2015=100 from Dec 2020 (Median) to 2024, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 129.300 2015=100 in 2024 and a record low of 96.800 2015=100 in 2020. Finland BOF Forecast: Export Price Index excl Oil: Euro: 2015=100 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Finland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.I032: Exports Price Index: 2010=100: Forecast: Bank of Finland.

U.S. Federal Oil & Gas Monthly Production & Disposition (2015–2025)

🌎 Project Overview

This dataset provides a comprehensive, cleaned, and analysis-ready record of the monthly production and disposition volumes of U.S. federal oil and natural gas resources from January 2015 through September 2025. Compiled from the authoritative OGOR-B reporting forms and curated by the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Office of Natural Resources Revenue (ONRR), it reflects the official federal and Native American natural resource production data.

The dataset captures not only raw production volumes but also detailed disposition categories, which indicate how these resources are sold, measured, or allocated, making it a crucial resource for energy policy analysis, market forecasting, and sustainability research.

🌐 Context & Source Information

• Publisher: U.S. Department of the Interior – Office of Natural Resources Revenue (ONRR)
• Original Dataset: Monthly Production Disposition of U.S. Natural Resources Revenue (OGOR-B)
• Coverage: Federal lands, federal waters (Offshore regions: Alaska, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific), and Native American lands. Location data is intentionally withheld for Native American production to protect privacy and sovereignty.
• Temporal Scope: January 2015 – September 2025, monthly frequency.
• License: Creative Commons CCZero (CC0) – Public Domain. Anyone can use, modify, and distribute this data.
• Official Landing Page: ONRR Monthly Production Disposition Data

This dataset is a cornerstone for those researching U.S. energy economics, resource management, climate impact studies, and policy development.

📊 Data Dictionary

🛠️ Data Cleaning & Preprocessing

To ensure the dataset is analysis-ready, the following preprocessing steps were applied:

• Missing Value Handling:

  • State / County / FIPS Code: Missing values primarily correspond to offshore records and were logically filled with the label Offshore.
  • Offshore Region: Missing values indicate onshore records and were filled with the label Onshore.

• Data Standardization:

  • Standardized date formats for seamless time-series analysis.
  • Converted numerical volumes from string with commas to clean numeric types.

• Quality Assurance:

  • Verified consistency of commodity labels and disposition codes.
  • Confirmed monthly frequency across the 10-year time span.

These enhancements enable immediate use in machine learning pipelines, econometric models, and visual analytics without additional preprocessing.

🚀 Potential Use Cases

📊 Energy Economics & Market Forecasting

• Model long-term trends in U.S. oil and natural gas production.
• Correlate production with market prices or global economic indicators.
• Forecast supply-demand dynamics using ARIMA, Prophet, or LSTM models.

🌍 Environmental & Policy Research

• Quantify the environmental impact of onshore versus offshore production.
• Assess how federal production contributes to greenhouse gas emissions when combined with emissions datasets.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of U.S. energy policies and their evolution over a decade.

📈 Financial & Business Intelligence

• Integrate production volumes into energy sector investment models.
• Build revenue projections and budget impact analyses for federal and tribal authorities.
• Use disp...

The global Crude Oil market stood around 4395 thousand tonnes in 2022 and is expected to grow at a steady CAGR of 3.12% during the forecast period until 2032.

This statistic depicts the average annual prices for palm oil from 2014 through 2027*. In 2025, the average price for palm oil stood at 1,020 nominal U.S. dollars per metric ton.