In 2023, the province of Riau had the largest share of oil palm production in Indonesia, making up about 19.59 percent of its oil palm production. Palm oil is one of Indonesia's biggest exports. However, the practice of clearing rainforest for palm oil production has led to a backlash against products with palm oil, greatly affecting producers like Indonesia.

Palm Oil Production: Annual: Private Plantation: Papua + West Papua (was Irian Jaya) data was reported at 198,683.000 Ton in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 71,580.000 Ton for 2016. Palm Oil Production: Annual: Private Plantation: Papua + West Papua (was Irian Jaya) data is updated yearly, averaging 49,445.000 Ton from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2017, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 198,683.000 Ton in 2017 and a record low of 2,744.000 Ton in 2000. Palm Oil Production: Annual: Private Plantation: Papua + West Papua (was Irian Jaya) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table ID.RIE016: Palm Oil Production: by Province.

In 2023, the province of Riau produced around *** million metric tons of crude palm oil, making it the province with the largest production of palm oil in Indonesia. Palm oil is one of Indonesia's biggest exports. However, the practice of clearing rainforest for palm oil production has led to a backlash against products with palm oil, greatly affecting producers like Indonesia.

Indonesia Palm Oil Production: North Sumatera data was reported at 334,106.000 Ton in Dec 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 363,950.000 Ton for Nov 2017. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: North Sumatera data is updated monthly, averaging 340,329.500 Ton from Jan 2005 (Median) to Dec 2017, with 156 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 520,093.000 Ton in Aug 2014 and a record low of 224,869.000 Ton in Jan 2006. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: North Sumatera data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table ID.RIE016: Palm Oil Production: by Province.

As of 2023, Indonesia had approximately **** billion barrels worth of proven oil reserves, indicating an incline compared to the year prior. Oil has been a major sector in the Indonesian economy but has recently become less important due to its finite nature. Oil production Within Indonesia, considerable amounts of oil are found in the Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and West Papua regions. The main oil fields in Indonesia include the Rokan Block in Riau in Sumatra, previously operated by Chevron Pacific Indonesia. After decades, the US-based firm stopped its operations in Rokan Block in 2021, which was then taken over by Indonesia's state-owned oil and gas corporation PT Pertamina. In recent years, domestic consumption has continued to rise while production of oil has been falling. In 2022, Indonesia is also one of the highest oil consumers in the world. Oil shortageA country that was once one of the world's leading oil producers is now facing a shortage. Most of the unexplored oil and gas blocks are in Indonesia's under-developed Eastern regions, such as in Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Papua. These areas lack necessary infrastructure, capital and other barriers to entry, making it even more expensive to pull new oil out of the ground. Without opening up new oilfields, the country would have depleted its oil reserves in a little over a decade. Due to the costs of opening up a new oil field, few companies are willing to invest in the long-term project.

Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: East Kalimantan data was reported at 2,594,887.000 Ton in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,358,392.000 Ton for 2016. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: East Kalimantan data is updated yearly, averaging 397,440.500 Ton from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2017, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,594,887.000 Ton in 2017 and a record low of 99,377.000 Ton in 2000. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: East Kalimantan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table ID.RIE016: Palm Oil Production: by Province.

In 2023, the largest planted area of oil palm in Indonesia was in Riau province, with 3.4 million hectares. Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer and exporter in the world. However, palm oil production in Indonesia has been related to ecological and social issues.

Indonesia Palm Oil Production: West Kalimantan data was reported at 199,210.000 Ton in Dec 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 201,592.000 Ton for Nov 2017. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: West Kalimantan data is updated monthly, averaging 124,254.000 Ton from Jan 2005 (Median) to Dec 2017, with 156 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 236,839.000 Ton in Mar 2017 and a record low of 23,958.000 Ton in Feb 2006. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: West Kalimantan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table ID.RIE016: Palm Oil Production: by Province.

The Indonesian Oil & Gas Upstream market, valued at approximately $50 billion in 2025, exhibits robust growth potential, driven by increasing domestic energy demand and strategic government initiatives to enhance energy security. A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) exceeding 2.5% is projected through 2033, indicating a substantial market expansion. Key drivers include rising energy consumption fueled by Indonesia's burgeoning population and industrialization, coupled with government investments in exploration and production activities. Significant exploration in both onshore and offshore locations, particularly targeting crude oil and natural gas reserves, contributes to this positive outlook. While challenges remain, such as fluctuating global oil prices and environmental concerns surrounding fossil fuel extraction, technological advancements in enhanced oil recovery and exploration techniques are mitigating some of these restraints. The market is segmented by location (onshore and offshore) and product type (crude oil, natural gas, and other products). Major players like Chevron, ExxonMobil, Pertamina, and others are actively involved, shaping the competitive landscape. This dynamic market presents attractive opportunities for both established players and new entrants, particularly those focused on sustainable and technologically advanced exploration and production methods. The regional distribution of market share reflects Indonesia's dominant position within the Asia Pacific region. While data for precise regional breakdowns is limited, it is reasonable to infer that the Asia Pacific region, especially Indonesia, holds the largest market share, followed by other key regions like North America and the Middle East & Africa. This is based on the significant oil and gas production and consumption within Indonesia, compared to other listed regions. Future growth will likely be influenced by factors such as global energy transition policies, geopolitical stability, and technological innovation. The sustained investment in infrastructure and exploration, combined with the ever-increasing demand, positions Indonesia as a key player in the global oil and gas upstream market for the foreseeable future. Recent developments include: In June 2021, Indonesia approved 12 plans of development for new offshore and onshore oil and gas projects worth USD 1.34 billion. The upstream regulator SKK Migas and the Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources have approved the development of the oil and gas fields having around 114.4 million barrels of oil equivalent. These include Bambu Besar, West Suko, Handil WF, Kumis-02, Bentayan, and Acacia Bagus-Ganta fields., In August 2020, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources passed a regulation to grant more flexibility in production sharing contracts. With the new regulation, companies can now choose to either use a cost recovery or gross split-based production sharing contract (PSC). It repealed the earlier law that made gross split-based production compulsory for new contracts in the last three years.. Notable trends are: Crude Oil Segment Expected to Dominate the Market.

Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Government Plantation: West Sumatera data was reported at 37,298.000 Ton in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 91,234.000 Ton for 2016. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Government Plantation: West Sumatera data is updated yearly, averaging 23,303.500 Ton from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2017, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 91,234.000 Ton in 2016 and a record low of 11,722.000 Ton in 2003. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Government Plantation: West Sumatera data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table ID.RIE016: Palm Oil Production: by Province.

In the early 1900s, the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) was the largest producer of crude petroleum in the Pacific. Following the U.S. cessation of oil exports to Japan in 1941, and the lack of oil access at home, Japan's invasion of China was at threat of coming to a halt. In order to keep its armies supplied, Japan launched an invasion of Southeast Asia on December 8. 1941, with the annexation of Indonesia as one of its top priorities. This invasion also included the attack on Pearl Harbor, where Japan sought to neutralize the U.S. Pacific Fleet to prevent American interference. This brought the U.S. military into the Second World War, but it was not until mid-1942 when the Allies then halted the Japanese advance in Southeast Asia and started pushing them back through Southeast Asia in a grueling three-year long campaign. One of the keys to the Allies' success was the disruption of Japan's oil supply from Indonesia to Japan's armies in China and at home.

Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: West Papua data was reported at 121,056.000 Ton in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 135,930.000 Ton for 2016. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: West Papua data is updated yearly, averaging 61,967.500 Ton from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2017, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 135,930.000 Ton in 2016 and a record low of 39,971.000 Ton in 2008. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: West Papua data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table ID.RIE016: Palm Oil Production: by Province.

Indonesia Oil and Gas Market size was valued at USD 281.50 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 499.94 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 7.66% during the forecast period 2024-2031.

Indonesia Oil and Gas Market: Definition/Overview Oil and gas are fossil fuels that originated from ancient organic matter, such as plants and marine organisms, subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. Primarily composed of hydrocarbons, oil is found in liquid form, while natural gas exists as a gas. These energy sources are extracted through drilling and refining processes, playing a critical role in global energy production, transportation and economic development.

Oil and gas have diverse applications across multiple sectors, including transportation, electricity generation and industrial processes. They are the primary fuels for vehicles, power plants and heating systems, making them indispensable for modern society. Additionally, oil and gas serve as raw materials for petrochemicals, which are used to produce plastics, fertilizers and pharmaceuticals, highlighting their versatility and essential role in everyday life.

The future of oil and gas is marked by significant challenges posed by the transition to renewable energy sources and growing climate change concerns. Despite these pressures, fossil fuels are expected to continue playing a vital role in the global energy mix for decades. Advancements in extraction technologies and carbon capture methods may help mitigate environmental impacts, allowing oil and gas to coexist alongside emerging sustainable energy solutions.

Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Riau data was reported at 7,722,564.000 Ton in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,425,108.000 Ton for 2016. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Riau data is updated yearly, averaging 5,062,126.500 Ton from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2017, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,722,564.000 Ton in 2017 and a record low of 587,416.000 Ton in 2002. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Riau data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table ID.RIE016: Palm Oil Production: by Province.

The Southeast Asian oil and gas market, valued at approximately $XX million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exceeding a 4% CAGR through 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Firstly, increasing energy demand fueled by rapid economic growth and population expansion across the region necessitates significant investment in upstream exploration and production. Secondly, infrastructure development, particularly in midstream, is crucial for efficient transportation and processing of oil and gas resources. This includes pipeline expansion, upgrades to existing facilities, and the development of new liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals. Finally, downstream activities, such as refining and petrochemical production, are experiencing a surge due to burgeoning industrialization and the growth of manufacturing sectors. However, challenges remain. Environmental regulations and a growing emphasis on sustainable energy sources pose potential restraints on the industry's growth trajectory. Furthermore, geopolitical instability and fluctuating global oil prices add layers of complexity to long-term investment planning. Key players like TechnipFMC, Saipem, Bechtel, and Fluor, alongside prominent regional companies such as PT Barata Indonesia and PT Rekayasa Industri, are actively shaping the market landscape through project development and technological advancements. The segmentation by upstream, midstream, and downstream activities allows for a granular understanding of investment opportunities and market dynamics within each sector. Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia represent the largest national markets, while the "Rest of Southeast Asia" segment holds considerable potential for future growth. The competitive landscape is marked by both international and local players. International companies bring advanced technologies and global expertise, while local companies possess valuable knowledge of the region's specific regulatory environment and market dynamics. This synergistic interplay shapes the ongoing evolution of the Southeast Asian oil and gas sector. The forecast period of 2025-2033 presents significant opportunities for both established and emerging players, demanding a strategic approach that balances growth ambitions with environmental responsibility and sustainable practices. Further analysis of specific regional trends within Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia will refine the understanding of investment priorities and market penetration strategies. Recent developments include: March 2023: Thai Oil announced plans to invest USD 1 billion in the capital between 2023 and 2025 to grow its business, including USD 500 million to expand its refinery capacity and transition to higher added-value fuel products as part of its Clean Fuel Project (CFP) strategy. The business intends to expand its oil refinery capacity in Sriracha (Thailand) to 400 kb/d, up from 280 kb/d, and upgrade fuel oil to higher-value products such as diesel and jet fuel., January 2023: The Philippines' Department of Energy announced the approval of a USD 67 million LNG import terminal project, the country's seventh of its kind, as the country prepares to start its liquefied natural gas industry this year. The DOE said in a statement that it had given the notice to proceed to Samat LNG Corp., which intends to build a small-scale LNG terminal in Mariveles, Bataan Province, about 60 kilometers (35.2 miles) north of Manila., December 2022: Petronas declared the discovery of oil and gas at the Nahara-1 well in Block SK 306. PCSB is the block's operator, with a 100% participating stake in its Production Sharing Contract. (PSC). The Nahara-1 well was effectively drilled to a total depth of 2,468 meters in the shallow waters of Balingian Province, about 150 kilometers from Bintulu, off the shore of Sarawak, Malaysia, and encountered hydrocarbon in Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene-aged sedimentary sequences. Following production testing for the well, Petronas verified that light oil with minimal contaminants was also established.. Notable trends are: The Downstream Sector to Dominate the Market.

Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Lampung data was reported at 454,822.000 Ton in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 425,867.000 Ton for 2016. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Lampung data is updated yearly, averaging 397,500.000 Ton from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2017, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 478,247.000 Ton in 2015 and a record low of 132,665.000 Ton in 2000. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Lampung data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table ID.RIE016: Palm Oil Production: by Province.

Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Government Plantation: West Java data was reported at 33,976.000 Ton in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 24,865.000 Ton for 2016. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Government Plantation: West Java data is updated yearly, averaging 13,678.000 Ton from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2017, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,976.000 Ton in 2017 and a record low of 4,736.000 Ton in 2002. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Annual: Government Plantation: West Java data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table ID.RIE016: Palm Oil Production: by Province.

As of 2023, the total size of oil palm plantations in East Kutai regency in East Kalimantan was over *** thousand hectares. It was followed by the Kutai Kartanegara regency, with a total area of plantations reaching nearly *** thousand hectares. East Kalimantan is one of the largest oil palm producers among provinces in Indonesia.

Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Riau data was reported at 733,799.000 Ton in Dec 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 683,140.000 Ton for Nov 2017. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Riau data is updated monthly, averaging 462,243.500 Ton from Jan 2005 (Median) to Dec 2017, with 156 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 802,964.000 Ton in Sep 2017 and a record low of 229,174.000 Ton in Sep 2008. Indonesia Palm Oil Production: Riau data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table ID.RIE016: Palm Oil Production: by Province.

Elaeis Guineensis Palm Oil Market Outlook

The global Elaeis Guineensis Palm Oil market size was valued at approximately USD 65 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 110 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6%. This robust growth can be attributed to several factors including escalating demand from the food and beverages industry, the increased application in biofuels, and rising awareness of its versatile utility in personal care and cosmetics products.

One of the primary growth drivers for the Elaeis Guineensis Palm Oil market is its extensive application in the food and beverages industry. Palm oil is a highly efficient and cost-effective vegetable oil, and it is used in a wide range of products, from baked goods to processed foods and even as a frying oil. The rising global population and increasing disposable incomes have led to higher consumption of processed and packaged foods, thereby driving the demand for palm oil. Furthermore, palm oil's high oxidative stability and long shelf life make it an attractive ingredient for food manufacturers.

Another significant growth factor is the increasing use of palm oil as a biofuel. With the global shift towards sustainable and renewable energy sources, palm oil has emerged as a viable feedstock for biodiesel production. Governments around the world are implementing policies to reduce carbon emissions, and the use of biofuels is being encouraged as part of these initiatives. Palm oil-based biodiesel is considered a more environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels, which is resulting in higher demand from the energy sector.

Additionally, the rising awareness of palm oil's benefits in personal care and cosmetics is contributing to market growth. Palm oil is rich in vitamins A and E, which are beneficial for skin health. It is used in a variety of personal care products, including soaps, shampoos, and lotions. The natural and organic personal care market is experiencing rapid growth, and palm oil is often used as a base ingredient in these products, further boosting its market demand.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific region dominates the global palm oil market. Countries like Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest producers of palm oil and play a critical role in the global supply chain. The region's strong industrial base, favorable climate conditions for palm oil cultivation, and significant investments in agriculture infrastructure are key factors driving market growth. Additionally, the increasing demand from emerging economies in the region further propels market expansion.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in alternative sweeteners, and Palm Jaggery has emerged as a popular choice. Derived from the sap of palm trees, Palm Jaggery is known for its rich nutritional profile and distinct flavor. It is often used as a healthier substitute for refined sugar in various culinary applications. The increasing consumer awareness about the health benefits of natural sweeteners is driving the demand for Palm Jaggery, especially in regions where traditional and organic products are gaining popularity. Its use in confectionery, baking, and traditional medicine highlights its versatility and potential for market growth.

Product Type Analysis

When analyzing the product types within the Elaeis Guineensis Palm Oil market, crude palm oil (CPO) stands out as the most significant segment. CPO is the primary raw material extracted from the fruit of the oil palm. Its versatility and cost-effectiveness make it a staple for various industrial applications, particularly in the food and beverages sector. The rising demand for processed and packaged foods worldwide directly correlates with increasing CPO consumption. Moreover, CPO is a crucial raw material for refining and processing into other value-added palm oil products.

Palm kernel oil (PKO) is another notable product type within the market. Derived from the kernel or seed of the oil palm fruit, PKO is known for its high lauric acid content, making it an essential ingredient in both food and non-food applications. In the food industry, PKO is used as a frying oil and in confectionery products. In non-food applications, PKO finds utility in the production of soaps, detergents, and other personal care prod