This map shows the oil and natural gas wells across the United States. Oil and Natural Gas Well: A hole drilled in the earth for the purpose of finding or producing crude oil or natural gas; or producing services related to the production of crude or natural gas. Geographic coverage includes the United States (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming) as well Oil and Natural Gas wells in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Manitoba that are within 100 miles of the country's border with the United States. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) the following states do not have active/producing Oil or Natural Gas Wells: Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maine, Minnesota, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Some states do have wells for underground Natural Gas storage facilities where these have been identified they were included. This layer is derived from well data from individual states and provinces and United States Agencies. This layer is complete for the United States but further development of data missing from two Canadian provinces and Mexico is in process. This update release includes an additional 497,036 wells covering Texas. Oil and gas exploration in Texas takes advantage of drilling technology to use a single surface well drilling location to drill multiple bottom hole well connections to extract oil and gas. The addition of Well data from Texas results in the addition of a related table to support this one surface well to many bottom hole connections. This related table provides records for Wells that have more than one bottom hole linked to the surface well. Sourced from the HIFLD Open Data Portal for Energy.

This dataset has results and the model associated with the publication Ciulla et al., (2024). It contains a U-Net semantic segmentation model (unet_model.h5) and associated code implemented in tensorflow 2.0 for the model training and identification of oil and gas well symbols in USGS historical topographic maps (HTMC). Given a quadrangle map (7.5 minutes), downloadable at this url: https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/, and a list of coordinates of the documented wells present in the area, the model returns the coordinates of oil and gas symbols in the HTMC maps. For reproducibility of our workflow, we provide a sample map in California and the documented well locations for the entire State of California (CalGEM_AllWells_20231128.csv) downloaded from https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/maps/Pages/GISMapping2.aspx. Additionally, the locations of 1,301 potential undocumented orphaned wells identified using our deep learning framework or the counties of Los Angeles and Kern in California, and Osage and Oklahoma in Oklahoma are provided in the file found_potential_UOWs.zip. The results of the visual inspection of satellite imagery in Osage County is in the file visible_potential_UOWs.zip. The dataset also includes a custom tool to validate the detected symbols in the HTMC maps (vetting_tool.py). More details about the methodology can be found in the associated paper: Ciulla, F., Santos, A., Jordan, P., Kneafsey, T., Biraud, S.C., and Varadharajan, C. (2024) A Deep Learning Based Framework to Identify Undocumented Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells from Historical Maps: a Case Study for California and Oklahoma. Accepted for publication in Environmental Science and Technology. The geographical coordinates provided correspond to the locations of potential undocumented orphaned oil and gas wells (UOWs) extracted from historical maps. The actual presence of wells need to be confirmed with on-the-ground investigations. For your safety, do not attempt to visit or investigate these sites without appropriate safety training, proper equipment, and authorization from local authorities. Approaching these well sites without proper personal protective equipment (PPE) may pose significant health and safety risks. Oil and gas wells can emit hazardous gasses including methane, which is flammable, odorless and colorless, as well as hydrogen sulfide, which can be fatal even at low concentrations. Additionally, there may be unstable ground near the wellhead that may collapse around the wellbore. This dataset was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Regents of the University of California.

From Oklahoma Geological Survey:A preliminary fault map has been compiled from oil and gas industry data and published literature and published as an Open-File Report (OF3-2015). Most of the faults from the published literature are documented in the supplement to this Open-File Report. This map is compiled from the Oklahoma fault database, which continues to be updated as additional fault information is available. This map should be considered preliminary. The faults shown here represent one interpretation of all the faults in the Oklahoma fault database being compiled by the OGS. This preliminary version identifies surface and subsurface faults on one map.

Undocumented Orphaned Wells (UOWs) are wells without an operator that have limited or no documentation with regulatory authorities. An estimated 310,000 to 800,000 UOWs exist in the United States (US), whose locations are largely unknown. These wells can potentially leak methane and other volatile organic compounds to the atmosphere, and contaminate groundwater. In this study, we developed a novel framework utilizing a state-of-the-art computer vision neural network model to identify the precise locations of potential UOWs. The U-Net model is trained to detect oil and gas well symbols in georeferenced historical topographic maps, and potential UOWs are identified as symbols that are further than 100 m from any documented well. A custom tool was developed to rapidly validate the potential UOW locations. We applied this framework to four counties in California and Oklahoma, leading to the discovery of 1301 potential UOWs across >40,000 km2. We confirmed the presence of 29 UOWs from satellite images and 15 UOWs from magnetic surveys in the field with a spatial accuracy on the order of 10 m. This framework can be scaled to identify potential UOWs across the US since the historical maps are available for the entire nation.