Layer-rich searchable mapping application displaying available well data curated by the Oklahoma Corporation Commission. Multiple outside data sources are included for geologic and hydrogeologic reference (sources cited in item descriptions). Cultural data and political districts also included for convenience.

The Oil Drilling & Gas Extraction industry in Oklahoma is expected to grow an annualized x.x% to $x.x billion over the five years to 2025, while the national industry will likely grow at x.x% during the same period. Industry establishments decreased an annualized -x.x% to x,xxx locations. Industry employment has decreased an annualized -x.x% to x,xxx workers, while industry wages have decreased an annualized -x.x% to $x.x billion.

Locations of oil and gas wells in Oklahoma. Also contains information on the formation and well operator.

This dataset has results and the model associated with the publication Ciulla et al., (2024). It contains a U-Net semantic segmentation model (unet_model.h5) and associated code implemented in tensorflow 2.0 for the model training and identification of oil and gas well symbols in USGS historical topographic maps (HTMC). Given a quadrangle map (7.5 minutes), downloadable at this url: https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/, and a list of coordinates of the documented wells present in the area, the model returns the coordinates of oil and gas symbols in the HTMC maps. For reproducibility of our workflow, we provide a sample map in California and the documented well locations for the entire State of California (CalGEM_AllWells_20231128.csv) downloaded from https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/maps/Pages/GISMapping2.aspx. Additionally, the locations of 1,301 potential undocumented orphaned wells identified using our deep learning framework or the counties of Los Angeles and Kern in California, and Osage and Oklahoma in Oklahoma are provided in the file found_potential_UOWs.zip. The results of the visual inspection of satellite imagery in Osage County is in the file visible_potential_UOWs.zip. The dataset also includes a custom tool to validate the detected symbols in the HTMC maps (vetting_tool.py). More details about the methodology can be found in the associated paper: Ciulla, F., Santos, A., Jordan, P., Kneafsey, T., Biraud, S.C., and Varadharajan, C. (2024) A Deep Learning Based Framework to Identify Undocumented Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells from Historical Maps: a Case Study for California and Oklahoma. Accepted for publication in Environmental Science and Technology. The geographical coordinates provided correspond to the locations of potential undocumented orphaned oil and gas wells (UOWs) extracted from historical maps. The actual presence of wells need to be confirmed with on-the-ground investigations. For your safety, do not attempt to visit or investigate these sites without appropriate safety training, proper equipment, and authorization from local authorities. Approaching these well sites without proper personal protective equipment (PPE) may pose significant health and safety risks. Oil and gas wells can emit hazardous gasses including methane, which is flammable, odorless and colorless, as well as hydrogen sulfide, which can be fatal even at low concentrations. Additionally, there may be unstable ground near the wellhead that may collapse around the wellbore. This dataset was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Regents of the University of California.

This feature class/shapefile represents Oil and Natural Gas Wells. An Oil and Natural Gas Well is a hole drilled in the earth for the purpose of finding or producing crude oil or natural gas; or producing services related to the production of crude or natural gas. Geographic coverage includes the United States (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming) as well Oil and Natural Gas wells in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Manitoba that are within 100 miles of the country's border with the United States. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) the following states do not have active/producing Oil or Natural Gas Wells: Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maine, Minnesota, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Some states do have wells for underground Natural Gas storage facilities where these have been identified they were included. This layer is derived from well data from individual states and provinces and United States Agencies. This layer is complete for the United States but further development of data missing from two Canadian provinces and Mexico is in process. This update release includes an additional 497,036 wells covering Texas. Oil and gas exploration in Texas takes advantage of drilling technology to use a single surface well drilling location to drill multiple bottom hole well connections to extract oil and gas. The addition of Well data from Texas results in the addition of a related table to support this one surface well to many bottom hole connections. This related table provides records for Wells that have more than one bottom hole linked to the surface well.

Texas is by far the largest oil-producing state in the United States. In 2024, Texas produced a total of over two billion barrels. In a distant second place is New Mexico, which produced 744.6 million barrels in the same year. Virginia is the smallest producing state in the country, at three thousand barrels. Macro perspective of U.S. oil production The U.S. oil production totaled some 19.4 million barrels of oil per day, or a total annual oil production of 827 million metric tons in 2023. As the largest oil producer in the U.S., it is not surprising that Texas is home to the most productive U.S. oil basin, the Permian. The Permian has routinely accounted for at least 50 percent of total onshore production. Regional distribution of U.S. oil production A total of 32 of the 50 U.S. states produce oil. There are five regional divisions for oil production in the U.S., known as the Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD). These five regional divisions of the allocation of fuels derived from petroleum products were established in the U.S. during the Second World War and they are still used today for data collection purposes. In line with the fact that Texas is by far the largest U.S. oil producing state, PADD 3 (Gulf Coast) is also the largest oil producing PADD, as it also includes the federal offshore region in the Gulf of Mexico. There are around 590 operational oil and gas rigs in the country as of February 2025.

Wells drilled during oil and gas exploration use drilling fluids to cool and lubricate the drilling bit and clear the borehole of cuttings. These fluids are recycled during the drilling process, but eventually can no longer be used. This is an important waste stream from petroleum generation that requires disposal. Chemical characterization of these materials is important to determine if these wastes have value or pose a risk if improperly handled. This study collected 13 samples of water-based and oil-based drilling fluid waste for hexane extractable material (also referred to as oil and grease) analysis.

This report documents the drilling of a medium radius horizontal well in the Bartlesville Sand of the Flatrock Field, Osage County, Oklahoma by Rougeot Oil and Gas Corporation (Rougeot) of Sperry, Oklahoma. The report includes the rationale for selecting the particular site, the details of drilling the well, the production response, conclusions reached, and recommendations made for the future drilling of horizontal wells. 11 figs., 2 tabs.

Methane and ethane emissions from individual abandoned oil and gas wells presented and analyzed in the publication entitled "An Analysis of Abandoned Oil Well Characteristics Affecting Methane Emissions Estimates in the Cherokee Platform in Eastern Oklahoma."

Majority of the estimated 3 million abandoned oil and gas wells in the U.S. have missing documents and lack surface equipment making them difficult to locate. However, most of them have casings made of iron alloys which are magnetic and can be sensed by magnetometers. Here we utilize an iPhone 12 mini smartphone as a magnetometer to locate two abandoned wells. We designed a simple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey setup where the iPhone 12 mini was hung from an inexpensive small drone. We surveyed the two sites by flying the drone at altitudes, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m above ground level. Our results show that at altitude of 10 magl the smartphone magnetometer could pick the magnetic anomaly of either of the wells at intensities ≥ 52 μT; sufficient to accurately locate the wells. At altitude of 15 magl the smartphone could locate the wells within ~5 m radius of the actual wells’ location, and it was unable to detect any magnetic anomalies at 20 magl. Simplicity of the setup, minimal required scientific knowledge and low cost of the setup makes this setup an ideal tool for locating orphaned wells by citizen scientists.

Seven raster surfaces generated from wellbore information that are thought to influence fluid and or gas migration in the subsurface. Wellbore information was originally retrieved from the IHS Energy Group (current as of April 2015), which is a proprietary, commercial database containing information for most oil and gas wells in the U.S. Processing of wellbore information into gridded cells was performed to provide a graphic solution to overcome the problem of displaying proprietary well data. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. These rasters were developed to serve as inputs to the SIMPA (Spatially Weighted Multivariate Probabilistic Assessment) tool. Each raster surface is a derivative product of wellbore dataset. Each raster represents a single wellbore attribute or combination of attributes that speak to the following wellbore characteristics: number of recompletions, year spud, year abandoned, year completed, number of abandoned wells, hole direction, switch from production to injection. The original wellbore information, retrieved from the IHS Energy Group, are in the form of points – these derivative rasters aggregate point attributes to approximately 1,000-meter resolution grid cells. Each raster only includes cells that contain wellbores with the characteristics represented in each surface (i.e. if the wellbores in a given cell have no year abandoned data, the cell is not included in the raster). Since the raster cells combine data from multiple points in many cases, methods such as the average, minimum, and count are used to summarize the information in each cell. The specific operations used to develop each raster are detailed in its metadata.

Undocumented Orphaned Wells (UOWs) are wells without an operator that have limited or no documentation with regulatory authorities. An estimated 310,000 to 800,000 UOWs exist in the United States (US), whose locations are largely unknown. These wells can potentially leak methane and other volatile organic compounds to the atmosphere, and contaminate groundwater. In this study, we developed a novel framework utilizing a state-of-the-art computer vision neural network model to identify the precise locations of potential UOWs. The U-Net model is trained to detect oil and gas well symbols in georeferenced historical topographic maps, and potential UOWs are identified as symbols that are further than 100 m from any documented well. A custom tool was developed to rapidly validate the potential UOW locations. We applied this framework to four counties in California and Oklahoma, leading to the discovery of 1301 potential UOWs across >40,000 km2. We confirmed the presence of 29 UOWs from satellite images and 15 UOWs from magnetic surveys in the field with a spatial accuracy on the order of 10 m. This framework can be scaled to identify potential UOWs across the US since the historical maps are available for the entire nation.

The Crude Oil Analysis (COA) database contains the digital data compilation of 9,076 crude oil analyses from samples collected from 1920 through 1983 from the United States and around the world and analyzed by the United States Bureau of Mines (National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, 1995). Two laboratories (Bartlesville, Oklahoma, and Laramie, Wyoming) performed routine crude oil analyses by a standardized method, and the data were originally reported in more than 50 reports by the Bureau of Mines.

Analyses include specific gravity, API gravity, pour point, viscosity, sulfur content, nitrogen content, and color of the crude oil, as well as the bulk properties of the distillation cuts.

The data were digitized in the late 1970s and a database retrieval system was implemented in 1980 and made available to the public. The Department of Energy (DOE) updated this system in 1995-96 with public access through a dial-up bulletin board system. The database was operated by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER) in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. A stand-alone version of the database (COADB) was available in 1995 in the form of a series of tables in Foxpro (.dbf) format. In 1998, an updated version of COADB was available on the NIPER website that included a Microsoft Access 97 version of the database called "coadb.mdb". The file contains more tables than the original 1995 version but we believe the number of oil samples and the amount of raw data are the same. The additional tables contain text translations for codes used in other tables regarding color, county, laboratory, formation, geologic age, lithology, and state name. Sample location information is generally inadequate to identify the specific well in most cases. The sample location information lacks lease name and in many cases well number and section-township-range. In rare cases, the latitude and longitude are given. A 2002 version was provided by the National Energy Technology Laboratory.

Cell maps for each oil and gas assessment unit were created by the USGS as a method for illustrating the degree of exploration, type of production, and distribution of production in an assessment unit or province. Each cell represents a quarter-mile square of the land surface, and the cells are coded to represent whether the wells included within the cell are predominantly oil-producing, gas-producing, both oil and gas-producing, dry, or the type of production of the wells located within the cell is unknown. The well information was initially retrieved from the IHS Energy Group, PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data on CD-ROM, which is a proprietary, commercial database containing information for most oil and gas wells in the U.S. Cells were developed as a graphic solution to overcome the problem of displaying proprietary PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. The data from PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data were current as of April 2003 when the cell maps were created in 2003.

Conference proceedings on enhanced oil and gas recovery and improved drilling methods in , Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, 30 Aug 1977

Oklahoma oil and gas wells in the Sand Sagebrush Prairie Ecoregion.

Drilling fluid waste land application, a process where drilling wastes are spread and tilled into the land surface, has become common in some petroleum-producing states, however, the potential benefits and risks of this practice are not well studied. Drilling fluids can be water- or oil-based and can have high concentrations of total soluble salts and total petroleum hydrocarbons. Comprehensive chemical characterization of these fluids is not well documented in the literature, and the extent of land application is largely unknown. We hypothesized that the land application of drill waste would fluctuate over time due to economic factors. To begin to understand the extent of historical and potential future land application, we analyzed data from over 5,800 drilling fluid land application permits collected by the Oklahoma Corporation Commission for years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015–2020. During the years studied, drilling fluid wastes were applied to more than 250,000 acres in Oklahoma, with over 54,000 thousand barrels (Mbbl) of liquids and nearly 21,000 Mbbl of solids applied. Land application is widespread (occurring in 59/77 counties), however recent drilling activity, land availability, and the economics of transportation have created conditions favorable for land application specifically in the Anadarko Basin. Land application can co-occur with sensitive areas, such as important groundwater and surface-water drinking sources and agricultural fields used for subsistence or feed crop production. Our approach for quantifying the extent of land application, along with further chemical characterization studies, can aid operators and land managers who are considering this practice in assessing the associated benefits and risks. Implications: Land application of drilling fluid wastes, which can contain high concentrations of total soluble salts and total petroleum hydrocarbons, is a common method of disposal; however, the extent, benefits, and risks of this practice are not well studied. This scope analysis conducted in Oklahoma provides a snapshot of land available for and historical application of drilling fluid wastes, along with contextual data such as economic drivers, land use, population density, and water resources; highlighting the importance of drill fluid characterization and fate studies and providing an approach that can be applied to other areas considering this waste re-use practice.

The Oklahoma Geological Survey (OGS), the Geo Information Systems department, and the School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering at the University of Oklahoma engaged in a five-year program to identify and address Oklahoma's oil recovery opportunities in fluvial dominated deltaic (FDD) reservoirs. This was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC22-93BC14956. The program included a systematic and comprehensive collection and evaluation of information on all FDD oil reservoirs in Oklahoma and the recovery technologies that have been (or could be) applied to those reservoirs successfully. This data collection and evaluation effort was the foundation for an aggressive, multifaceted technology transfer program that was designed to support all of Oklahoma's oil industry. However, particular emphasis of this program was directed toward smaller companies and independent operators in order to help them maximize oil production from FDD reservoirs. Specifically, this project identified all FDD oil reservoirs in the State; grouped those reservoirs into plays that have similar depositional and geologic histories; collected, organized and analyzed all available data; performed characterization and simulation studies on selected reservoirs in each play; and implemented a technology transfer program that targeted operators of FDD reservoirs. These elements of the FDD program provided the kind of assistance that could allow operators to extend the life of existing wells with the ultimate objective of recovering more oil. The execution of this project was approached in phases. The first phase began in January, 1993 and consisted of planning, play identification and analysis, data acquisition, database development, and computer systems design. By the middle of 1994, many of these tasks were completed or nearly finished including the identification of all FDD reservoirs in Oklahoma, data collection, and defining play boundaries. Later in 1994, a preliminary workshop schedule was developed for project implementation and technology transfer activities. In early 1995, a specific workshop agenda was formatted and play publication requirements were identified. Later in 1995, the play workshop and publication series were initiated with the Morrow play in June and the Booch play in September. The remaining six play workshops were completed through 1996 and 1997, with the project ending on December 31, 1997.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer charact ...

The Department of Energy (DOE) is sponsoring a Deep Trek Program targeted at improving the economics of drilling and completing deep gas wells. Under the DOE program, Pinnacle Technologies is conducting a project to evaluate the stimulation of deep wells. The objective of the project is to assess U.S. deep well drilling & stimulation activity, review rock mechanics & fracture growth in deep, high pressure/temperature wells and evaluate stimulation technology in several key deep plays. Phase 1 was recently completed and consisted of assessing deep gas well drilling activity (1995-2007) and an industry survey on deep gas well stimulation practices by region. Of the 29,000 oil, gas and dry holes drilled in 2002, about 300 were drilled in the deep well; 25% were dry, 50% were high temperature/high pressure completions and 25% were simply deep completions. South Texas has about 30% of these wells, Oklahoma 20%, Gulf of Mexico Shelf 15% and the Gulf Coast about 15%. The Rockies represent only 2% of deep drilling. Of the 60 operators who drill deep and HTHP wells, the top 20 drill almost 80% of the wells. Six operators drill half the U.S. deep wells. Deep drilling peaked at 425 wells in 1998 and fell to 250 in 1999. Drilling is expected to rise through 2004 after which drilling should cycle down as overall drilling declines.