Variability in mean payment per physician, number of physicians, and aggregated payments for transactions in the Open Payments database, 2014–2018, for each top-category specialty available for allopathic and osteopathic physicians.

Contains full records from the CMS Open Payments Data API. About openpaymentsdata.cms.gov: The mission of the program is to provide the public with a more transparent health care system. Open Payments collects and publishes information about financial relationships between drug and medical device companies (referred to as "reporting entities") and certain health care providers (referred to as "covered recipients"). These relationships may involve payments to providers for things including but not limited to research, meals, travel, gifts or speaking fees. All information available on the Open Payments database is open to personal interpretation and if there are questions about the data, patients and their advocates should speak directly to the health care provider for a better understanding.

We conducted a cross-sectional study of the publicly available 2022 Open Payments data to characterize and quantify sponsored events (available for download at: https://www.cms.gov/priorities/key-initiatives/open-payments/data/dataset-downloads). Data sources We downloaded the 2022 dataset ZIP files from the Open Payments website on June 30th, 2023. We included all records for nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified registered nurse anesthetists, and certified nurse-midwives (hereafter advanced practiced registered nurses (APRNs)); and allopathic and osteopathic physicians (hereafter, ‘physicians’). To ensure consistency in provider classification, we linked Payments data to the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System data (June 2023) by National Provider Identifier (NPI) and the National Uniform Claim Committee (NUCC) and excluded individuals with an ambiguous provider type. Event-centric analysis of Open Payments records: Creating an event typology We included only payments classified as “food and beverage” to reliably identify distinct sponsored events. We reasoned that food and beverage would be consumed on the same day in the same place, thus assumed that records for food and beverage associated with the same event would share the date of payment and location. We also assumed that the reported value of a food and beverage payment is the total cost of the hospitality divided by the number of attendees, thus grouped payment records with the same amount, rounded to the nearest dollar. Inferring which Open Payment records relate to the same sponsored event requires analytic decisions regarding the selection and representation of variables that define an event. To understand the impact of these choices, we undertook a sensitivity analysis to explore alternative ways to group Open Payments records for food and beverage, to determine how combination of variables, including date (specific date or within the same calendar week), amount (rounded to nearest dollar), and recipient’s state, affected the identification of sponsored events in the Open Payments data set. We chose to define a sponsored event as a cluster of three or more individual payment records for food and beverage (nature of payment) with the following matching Open Payments record variables: • Submitting applicable manufacturer (name) • Product category or therapeutic area • Name of drug or biological or device or medical supply • Recipient state • Total amount of payment (USD, rounded to nearest dollar) • Date of payment (exact) After examining the distribution of the data, we classified events in terms of size (≥20 attendees as “large” and 3-<20 as “small”) and amount per person. We categorized events <$10 as “coffee”, $10-<$30 as “lunch”, $30-<$150 as “dinner”, and ≥$150 as “banquet”.

This .zip files contains:1. A PostgreSQL 9.6 dump of a database containing all information on "General Payments" to physicians from all available program year data (partial year 2013 - 2016) provided through Open Payments (https://www.cms.gov/openpayments/)2. Query used to generate summary statistics for analysis of data.3. README file with additional information.Open Payments data provided under a ODbL license via the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and this dataset is shared under the same license. (https://www.healthdata.gov/dataset/open-payments-data-0)Original full datasets can be downloaded from:https://www.cms.gov/OpenPayments/Explore-the-Data/Dataset-Downloads.html

Every year, CMS will update the Open Payments data at least once after its initial publication. The refreshed data will include updates to data disputes and other data corrections made since the initial publication of this data documenting payments or transfers of value to physicians and teaching hospitals, and physician ownership and investment interests. This financial data is submitted by applicable manufacturers and applicable group purchasing organizations (GPOs). #### What data is collected? Applicable manufacturers and GPOs submit data to Open Payments about payments or other transfers of value between applicable manufacturers and GPOs and physicians or teaching hospitals: 1. Paid directly to physicians and teaching hospitals (known as direct payments) 2. Paid indirectly to physicians and teaching hospitals (known as indirect payments) through an intermediary such as a medical specialty society 3. Designated by physicians or teaching hospitals to be paid to another party (known

This table provides a statistics on Distribution of Physician Payments by Program and Specialty under the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan (AHCIP). This table is an Excel version of a table in the “Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan Statistical Supplement” report published annually by Alberta Health.

Information on Open Payments managed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), which is a national disclosure program created by the Affordable Care Act (ACA) that promotes transparency and accountability by helping consumers understand the financial relationships between pharmaceutical and medical device industries and physicians and teaching hospitals.

Every year, CMS will update the Open Payments data at least once after its initial publication. The refreshed data will include updates to data disputes and other data corrections made since the initial publication of this data documenting payments or transfers of value to physicians and teaching hospitals, and physician ownership and investment interests. This financial data is submitted by applicable manufacturers and applicable group purchasing organizations (GPOs). #### What data is collected? Applicable manufacturers and GPOs submit data to Open Payments about payments or other transfers of value between applicable manufacturers and GPOs and physicians or teaching hospitals: 1. Paid directly to physicians and teaching hospitals (known as direct payments) 2. Paid indirectly to physicians and teaching hospitals (known as indirect payments) through an intermediary such as a medical specialty society 3. Designated by physicians or teaching hospitals to be paid to another party (known

Sometimes, doctors and hospitals have financial relationships with health care manufacturing companies. These relationships can include money for research activities, gifts, speaking fees, meals, or travel. The Social Security Act requires CMS to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations (GPOs) in order to report information about their financial relationships with physicians and hospitals. Open Payments is the federally run program that collects the information about these financial relationships and makes it available to you from the Opendata.utah.gov portal.

Amount and number of payments from drug manufacturers to physicians for opioids: August 2013 –December 2015.

Context

Open Payments is a federal program that collects and makes information public about financial relationships between the health care industry, physicians, and teaching hospitals. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) collects information from manufacturers of drugs and devices about payments and other transfers of value they make to physicians and teaching hospitals. These payments and other transfers of value can be for many purposes, like research, consulting, travel, and gifts. We’ll make this data publicly available and searchable on this site each year. More information about it can be found here.

Content

The data has been cleaned slightly to remove all fields that had 5% or more null values. This was done in order to decrease the file size and make it slightly more understandable.

Acknowledgements

The original datasets can be found here.

Inspiration

Inspired by the 2013 version of this dataset that was upload by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services , found here

The Open Payments program is a national disclosure program that promotes a more transparent and accountable health care system. This Utah data set houses a publicly accessible database of payments that reporting entities, including drug and medical device companies, make to covered recipients like physicians.

The Covered Recipient Profile Supplement file contains information about physicians and non-physician practitioners who have been indicated as recipients of payments, other transfers of value, or ownership and investment interest in payment records, as well as physicians and non-physician practitioners who have been identified as principal investigators associated with research payment records published by Open Payments.

This file contains only those physicians that have at least one published payment record in this cycle of the publication as of January 30, 2025. The criteria used by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to determine which payment records are eligible for publication is available in the Open Payments Methodology and Data Dictionary Document. This document can be found on the Resources page of the Open Payments website (https://www.cms.gov/OpenPayments/Resources). The Methodology and Data Dictionary Document also includes information on the data collection and reporting methodology, data fields included in the files, and any notes or special considerations that users should be aware of.

Background: Open Paymentsis a United States federal program mandating reporting of medical industry payments to physicians, thereby increasing transparency of physician conflicts of interest (COI).Study objectives were to assess industry payments to physician-editors, and to compare their financial COI rate to all physicians within the specialty.

Methods and Findings: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, reviewing Open Paymentsfrom August 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016. We reviewed general payments ("payments… not made in connection with a research agreement") and research funding to "top tier" physician-editors of highly-cited medical journals. We compared payments to physician-editors and to physicians-by-specialty. In 35 journals, 333 (74.5%) of 447 "top tier" editors met inclusion criteria (US-based physician-editors). Of these, 212 (63.7%) received industry-associated payments in the study period. In an average year, 141 (42.3%) of physician-editors received any direct payments (to themselves rather than their institutions; includes general payments and research payments), 66 (19.8%) received direct payments >$5,000 (threshold designated by the National Institutes of Health as a Significant Financial Interest) and 51 (15.3%) received direct payments >$10,000. Mean annual general payments to physician-editors was $55,157 (median 3,512, standard deviation 561,885, range 10-10,981,153). Median general payments to physician-editors were mostly higher compared to all physicians within their specialty. Mean annual direct research payment to the physician-editor was $14,558 (median 4,000, standard deviation 34,471, range 15-174,440), and mean annual indirect research funding to the physician-editor's institution was $175,282 (median 49,107, standard deviation 479,480, range 0.18-5,000,000). The main study limitation was difficulty in identifying "top tier" physician-editors. Though we aimed to study physician-editors primarily responsible for making manuscript decisions, we were unable to confirm each editor's role.

Conclusions: A substantial minority of physician-editors receive payments from industry within any given year, and most editors received payment of some kind during the four-year study period. There were significant outliers. Given the extent of editors' influences on the medical literature, more robust and accessible editor financial COI declarations are recommended.

Association between opioid-related payments and Medicare Part D opioid prescribing for physicians receiving payments in 2014 and 2015, but not in 2013, by Specialty.

This dataset is pre-filtered based on the most frequent searches of Open Payments data.

Every year, CMS will update the Open Payments data at least once after its initial publication. The refreshed data will include updates to data disputes and other data corrections made since the initial publication of this data documenting payments or transfers of value to physicians and teaching hospitals, and physician ownership and investment interests. This financial data is submitted by applicable manufacturers and applicable group purchasing organizations (GPOs). #### What data is collected? Applicable manufacturers and GPOs submit data to Open Payments about payments or other transfers of value between applicable manufacturers and GPOs and physicians or teaching hospitals: 1. Paid directly to physicians and teaching hospitals (known as direct payments) 2. Paid indirectly to physicians and teaching hospitals (known as indirect payments) through an intermediary such as a medical specialty society 3. Designated by physicians or teaching hospitals to be paid to another party (known

This dataset is pre-filtered based on the most frequent searches of Open Payments data.

This dataset contains data for the Healthcare Payments Data (HPD) Snapshot visualization. The Enrollment data file contains counts of claims and encounter data collected for California's statewide HPD Program. It includes counts of enrollment records, service records from medical and pharmacy claims, and the number of individuals represented across these records. Aggregate counts are grouped by payer type (Commercial, Medi-Cal, or Medicare), product type, and year. The Medical data file contains counts of medical procedures from medical claims and encounter data in HPD. Procedures are categorized using claim line procedure codes and grouped by year, type of setting (e.g., outpatient, laboratory, ambulance), and payer type. The Pharmacy data file contains counts of drug prescriptions from pharmacy claims and encounter data in HPD. Prescriptions are categorized by name and drug class using the reported National Drug Code (NDC) and grouped by year, payer type, and whether the drug dispensed is branded or a generic.

This dataset is pre-filtered based on the most frequent searches of Open Payments data.