This dataset contains Level-3 Dynamic OPERA surface water extent product version 1. The data are validated surface water extent observations beginning April 2023. Known issues and caveats on usage are described under Documentation. The input dataset for generating each product is the Harmonized Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A/B/C (HLS) product version 2.0. HLS products provide surface reflectance (SR) data from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) aboard the Landsat 8 satellite and the MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) aboard the Sentinel-2A/B/C satellite. The surface water extent products are distributed over projected map coordinates using the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection. Each UTM tile covers an area of 109.8 km × 109.8 km. This area is divided into 3,660 rows and 3,660 columns at 30-m pixel spacing. Each product is distributed as a set of 10 GeoTIFF (Geographic Tagged Image File Format) files including water classification, associated confidence, land cover classification, terrain shadow layer, cloud/cloud-shadow classification, Digital elevation model (DEM), and Diagnostic layer.

The digital elevation model (DEM) provided as a layer of the DSWx-HLS product (band 10) was generated using the Copernicus DEM 30-m and Copernicus DEM 90-m models provided by the European Space Agency. The Copernicus DEM 30-m and Copernicus DEM 90-m were produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved. The organizations in charge of the OPERA project, the Copernicus programme, and Airbus Defence and Space GmbH by law or by delegation do not assume any legal responsibility or liability, whether express or implied, arising from the use of this DEM.

The OPERA DSWx-HLS product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2023-2025).

To access the calibration/validation database for OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent Products, please contact podaac@podaac.jpl.nasa.gov

This dataset contains Level-3 Dynamic OPERA Surface Water Extent from Sentinal-1 (DSWx-S1) product version 1. DSWx-S1 provides near-global geographical mapping of surface water extent over land at a spatial resolution of 30 meters over the Military Grid reference System (MGRS) grid system, with a temporal revisit frequency between 6-12 days. Using Sentinel-1 radar observations, DSWx-S1 maps open inland water bodies greater than 3 hectares and 200 meters in width, irrespective of cloud conditions and daylight illumination that often pose challenges to optical sensors. Forward production of the DSWx-S1 data record began in Sept 2024. Each product is distributed as a set of 3 GeoTIFF (Geographic Tagged Image File Format) files including water classification and associated confidence layers.The OPERA DSWx-S1 product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2024-2025).To access the calibration/validation database for OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent Products, please contact podaac@podaac.jpl.nasa.gov

This dataset contains the calibration/validation (CalVal) database for the OPERA DSWx-S1 product. The CalVal database is a zip file of an Amazon Web Services S3 bucket containing classification items that enable algorithm calibration and validation of OPERA products. The CalVal database contains a Reference Document that further describes the structure and usage of the database, as well as a Validation Results document. Example notebooks demonstrating how to read the database tables, query for specific items, and download corresponding data files are available through the CalVal GitHub repository here: https://github.com/OPERA-Cal-Val/calval-database

Date of Images:Post-Event: 2/5/2024, 2/6/2024Pre-Event: 1/24/2024, 1/25/2024Date of Next Image: UnknownSummary:The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology derived the surface water extent maps using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWx) products and prototypes. The OPERA prototype DSWx from Sentinel-1 (S1) was used to create two water surface extent maps for February 5, 2024 (6 PM PST) and February 6, 2024 (6 AM PST). These maps depict areas that were inundated due to high rainfall due to back-to-back Atmospheric Rivers in California, USA. The inundation maps were created by stitching relevant tiles from the layers within the DSWx-S1 prototype.The water change map is derived from OPERA prototype DSWx from Sentinel-1 (S1) for two pairs of dates: between January 25, 2024 (6 AM PST) and February 06, 2024 (6 AM PST) and between January 24, 2024 (6 PM PST) and February 05, 2024 (6 PM PST). These maps depict areas of new water coverage that may have resulted from high rainfall due to back-to-back Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) in California, USA. The water change maps were created by taking the difference between the water extent before and after the ARs.The results posted here are preliminary and unvalidated results, primarily intended to aid the field response and people who wanted to have a rough first look at the inundation extent. The ARIA-share website has always focused on posting preliminary results as fast as possible for disaster response.The post-processed products are available to download at https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/202402-California_storm/DSWx-S1. The OPERA prototype DSWx-S1 is still under development and is not yet in production. Production of DSWx-S1 is expected to begin in Summer 2024. For more information about the OPERA project and other products visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera.For more information about the Dynamic Surface Water eXtent product suite, please refer to the DSWx Product page: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/products/dswx-product-suiteSuggested Use:The OPERA proto-type DSWx-S1 Water products classifies the OPERA RTC-S1 input imagery into ‘not water’, ‘water’, and ‘inundated vegetation’ with the masks such as layover/shadow mask and HAND mask. Areas classified as "open water" are blue. Areas classified as "inundated vegetation" are green.Light gray areas are flagged in the HAND mask. The Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) mask delineates regions where the terrain's elevation exceeds a specified threshold relative to the height above nearest drainage point, indicating areas less likely to be the subject of direct inundation.Dark Gray areas are flagged in the layover/shadow mask. The layover/shad mask identifies zones that are either occluded by topographic features taller than the surrounding landscape (layover) or are not illuminated by the radar signal due to obstruction by these elevated features (shadow), leading to potential voids in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Areas with no water detected are transparent.This layer is meant to provide users with a quick view for water/no-water. Invalid data classes ( layover/shadow mask and HAND mask) are also provided to indicate areas in which the binary classification does not provide water/no-water classification.Satellite/Sensor:Copernicus Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)Resolution:30 metersCredits:NASA JPL-Caltech ARIA and OPERA Teams, NASA, NASA Disasters ProgramSentinel-1 data were accessed through the Copernicus Open Hub and the Alaska Satellite Facility server. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2024), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA and OPERA team. This product was derived from preliminary OPERA processing. Product POCs: Jungkyo Jung (Jungkyo.Jung@jpl.nasa.gov)Alexander Handwerger (alexander.handwerger@jpl.nasa.gov)Steven Chan (steventsz.k.chan@jpl.nasa.gov)Esri REST Endpoint:See URL section on right side of pageWMS Endpoint:https://maps.disasters.nasa.gov/ags04/services/california_atmospheric_river_202402/aria_opera_dswx_watermaps/MapServer/WMSServerData Download:https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/202402-California_storm/DSWx-S1/

Date of Images:During Event: 5/6/2024Pre-Event: 4/21/2024Summary:The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology derived the surface water extent flood maps using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWx) from NASA Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) products. The results posted here are preliminary and unvalidated results, primarily intended to aid the field response and people who wanted to have a rough first look at the inundation extent. ARIA/OPERA flood map derived from DSWx-HLSThe ARIA/OPERA flood map is derived from two OPERA DSWx-HLS images taken on April 21, 2024 and May 06, 2024. These maps depict areas of new water detection that is interpreted as flood. The flood map was created by reclassifying the DSWx-HLS data into two new classes (1) water and (2) not water then taking the difference between the two images. The new water class includes DSWx-HLS classes for open water, partial surface water, and HLS snow/ice. We note the HLS snow/ice mask often misclassified sediment rich water as snow/ice. This reclassification was necessary to capture flood extent. The new not water class includes DSWx-HLS classes not water and HLS cloud/cloud shadow.OPERA DSWx-HLSOPERA DSWx-HLS data was used to identify surface water using the B01_WTR layer. Two images were examined 1) April 21, 2024 and 2) May 6, 2024. Each image consists of multiple MGRS tiles that were merged together for a composite image saved as a GeoTIFF file.OPERA DSWx-HLS data availabilityThe post-processed products are available to download at https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/202405-RioGrandeSul_Brazil-floods/. The OPERA DSWx-HLS products have been in production since April 2023, are freely distributed to the public via NASA's Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), and can be downloaded through NASA's Earthdata search. For more information about the OPERA project and other products, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera.For more information about the Dynamic Surface Water eXtent product suite, please refer to the DSWx Product page: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/products/dswx-product-suiteFor more information about the Caltech-JPL ARIA project, visit https://aria.jpl.nasa.govSuggested Use:The OPERA DSWx-HLS Water product classifies the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) input imagery into "not water", "open surface water", and “partial surface water”. The "HLS cloud/cloud shadow" and "HLS snow/ice" layers are direct inputs from the HLS FMask.Areas with "open water" are dark blue and "partial surface water" are light blue in the OPERA WTR layer.Areas with clouds or cloud shadows are light gray. An area identified as cloud, cloud shadow, or adjacent to cloud/cloud shadow according to input HLS quality assurance (QA) data.Areas with no water detected are white. An area with valid data that is not water, snow/ice, cloud/cloud shadow, or ocean masked.This layer is meant to provide users with a quick view for water/no-water. Invalid data classes (cloud/cloud shadow along with adjacent to cloud/cloud shadow) are also provided to indicate areas in which the classification does not provide water/no-water classification.Note: Sediment rich water is sometimes misclassified as snow/ice by the HLS QA mask.For more information about how the OPERA DSWx-HLS Water product classifies data: https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/documents/ProductSpec_DSWX_URS309746.pdfSatellite/Sensor:Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS)MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B satellitesResolution:30 metersCredits:NASA JPL-Caltech ARIA Team, NASA, NASA Disasters ProgramEsri REST Endpoint:See URL section on right side of pageWMS Endpoint:https://maps.disasters.nasa.gov/ags04/services/brasil_flood_2024/ARIA_Water_Maps_derived_from_OPERA_DSWx_product_suite_for_Brasil_Flooding_and_Landslides/MapServer/WMSServerData Download:https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/202405-RioGrandeSul_Brazil-floods/DSWx-HLS/

Date of Images:Syn-Event: 2024-09-26 23:38:04 (UTC) or 7:38 PM EDTPre-Event: 2024-09-14 23:37:54 (UTC) or 7:38 PM EDTSummary:The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology derived the surface water extent maps using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water eXtent from Sentinel-1 (DSWx-S1) products. The results posted here are preliminary and unvalidated results, primarily intended to aid the field response and people who want to have a rough first look at the water extent. The ARIA-share website has always focused on posting preliminary results as fast as possible for disaster response.OPERA DSWx-S1The OPERA DSWx-S1 data identifies surface water and inundated vegetation. We provide the Water (WTR) and the Binary Water (BWTR) layers. Images are provided from 1) September 14, 2024 and 2) September 26, 2024. Each image consists of multiple MGRS tiles that were merged together for a composite image saved as a GeoTIFF file.ARIA/OPERA water change map derived from OPERA DSWx-S1The ARIA/OPERA water change map is derived from two OPERA DSWx-S1 Binary Water (BWTR) images taken on September 14, 2024 and September 26, 2024. The BTWR combines inundated vegetation and open water into a single water class.These maps depict areas of new water detection (or loss). The change map includes values of: (0) indicate no change between images, (1) absence of water pre-event, presence of water syn-event, and (-1) presence of water pre-event, absence of water syn-event. Satellite/Sensor:Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument on European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel-1A satellite was used for both the September 14 and September 26 images.Resolution:30 metersThe DSWx-S1 products have these flags:250 (light gray) and 251 (dark gray) represent HAND and layover/shadow masks, respectively.HAND mask (light gray, value 250) delineates regions where the terrain's elevation exceeds a specified threshold relative to the height above the nearest drainage point, indicating areas less likely to be subject to direct inundation. Layover/shadow mask (dark gray, value 251) identifies zones that are either occluded by topographic features taller than the surrounding landscape (layover) or are not illuminated by the radar signal due to obstruction by these elevated features (shadow), leading to potential data voids in SAR imagery.OPERA DSWx-S1 data availabilityThe post-processed products are available to download at https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20240926-Hurricane_Helene/DSWx/. The OPERA DSWx-S1 products have been in production since September 2024, are freely distributed to the public via NASA's Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), and can be downloaded through NASA's Earthdata search. For more information about the OPERA project and other products, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera.For more information about the Dynamic Surface Water eXtent product suite, please refer to the DSWx Product page: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/products/dswx-product-suiteFor more information about the Caltech-JPL ARIA project, visit https://aria.jpl.nasa.govFor more information about the JPL OPERA project, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/Suggested UseDSWx-S1The OPERA DSWx-S1 products classifies the OPERA Radiometric Terrain Corrected SAR backscatter from Sentinel-1 (RTC-S1) input imagery into: not water, water, and inundated vegetation with the masks such as layover/shadow mask and HAND mask. The WTR layer includes all classes. The BWTR layer merges water and inundated vegetation into a single water layer. Open water and inundated vegetation are represented in blue and green in WTR and blue in BWTR. Areas with masks are gray. The masks include the layover/shadow mask and HAND mask. Areas with no water detected are transparent. DSWx-S1 change mapThe ARIA/OPERA water extent change map classifies water extent into change/no change. Increased in water represented in blue, no change in water represented in transparent, decrease in water represented in red.RTC-S1OPERA Radiometric Terrain Corrected SAR backscatter from Sentinel-1 (RTC-S1) image was converted to a false color image. In this color scale, vegetated areas appear green, urban areas appear white/pink, calm water appears black, and rough water appears purple or magenta.” Credits:Sentinel-1 data were accessed through the Copernicus Open Hub and the Alaska Satellite Facility server. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2024), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA and OPERA team. NASA JPL-Caltech ARIA/OPERA Team==================Files:20240914_DSWx-S1_BWTR.tif: The September 14, 2024 binary water map is derived from the WTR layer as a union of water classes (open water and inundated vegetation) into a binary map indicating areas with and without water.20240926_DSWx-S1_BWTR.tif: The September 26, 2024 binary water map.20240926_DSWx-S1_WTR.tif: Masked interpreted water classification layer. This represents pixel-wise classification into one of three water classes (not water, open water and inundated vegetation), masks (HAND mask and layover/shadow mask), or no data classes. OPERA_DSWx-S1_BWTR_ChngMap_20240926-20240914_v2.tif: The ARIA/OPERA flood change map is derived from two OPERA DSWx-HLS images taken on September 14, 2024 and September 26, 2024. These maps depict areas of new water detection that is interpreted as flood. Track121_Florida_DSWx-S1-overview.png: An overview of the 20240926_DSWx-S1_WTR product with a satellite image background.These files have the same GeoTIFF format as the OPERA DSWx-S1 images described above and are in the UTM Zone 16N.

This dataset is part of the PROTEUS - Parallelized Radar Optical Toolbox for Estimating dynamic sUrface water extentS software developed by Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) project algorithm development team (ADT). It includes a subset of a Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) product collected by the Sentinel-2 MSI instrument over Louisiana and Mississippi states (USA) on September 7, 2021, and the expected output DSWx-HLS product for testing PROTEUS Digital Surface Water eXtent from HLS (DSWx-HLS) workflow. The PROTEUS software is publicly available at: https://github.com/opera-adt/PROTEUS License Copyright (c) 2021 California Institute of Technology (“Caltech”). U.S. Government sponsorship acknowledged. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. Neither the name of Caltech nor its operating division, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Date of Images:5/6/2024Date of Next Image:UnknownSummary:The floodwater depth raster produced for the 06th May 2024 for long-term floods in southern Brazil was generated using the Flood Water Depth Estimation Tool (Cohen et al, 2018, 2019; Peter et al, 2020). The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET) is a solution for producing timely floodwater depth data during flood activations that require emergency response and post-flood assessment.FwDET is based solely on a flood extent layer and a digital elevation model (DEM). The DEM used here was the NASA SRTM data. The flood extent layer was derived from the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water eXtent (DSWx) from the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) product. The DEM used was the NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. The computation involves identifying elevations at the boundaries of the flood extent layer and using those elevations to assign floodwater surface elevation to each cell within the flooded domain by identifying its nearest boundary cell. The modeled flood surface elevation is then subtracted from the original DEM to retrieve depth.The results posted here are preliminary and unvalidated results, primarily intended to aid the field response and people who wanted to have a rough first look at the flood inundation depth. The flood depth map may contain errors due to inaccurate elevations in the NASA SRTM DEM or the water surface estimation.Data Sources:OPERA Dynamic Surface Water eXtent from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (DSWx-HLS) - based flood inundation extent raster generated by the ARIA/OPERA group at NASA JPL. NASA SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) Digital Elevation 30 m (openly available on Google Earth Engine)Suggested Use:The darkest shades of blue indicate where the product is estimating the largest floodwater depth, while lighter shades indicate shallower floodingSatellite/Sensor:Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS)MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B satellitesNASA SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) Digital Elevation 30 m (openly available on Google Earth Engine)Resolution:30 metersCredits:Dinuke Munasinghe - NASA JPL Water and Ecosystems Team, NASA JPL ARIA/OPERA TeamProduct POCs:Dinuke Munasinghe (dinuke.nanayakkara.munasinghe@jpl.nasa.gov)FwDET Algorithm Documentation:Cohen, S., Brakenridge, G.R., Kettner, A., Bates, B., Nelson, J., McDonald, R., Huang, Y, Munasinghe, D., and J. Zhang (2018). Estimating Floodwater Depths from Flood Inundation Maps and Topography. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 54(4), 847-858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12609Cohen, S., Raney, A., Munasinghe D., Loftis, D., Molthan, A., Bell, J., Rogers, L., Galantowicz, J., Brakenridge, G.R., Kettner, A., Huang, Y., and Y. Tsang (2019). The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET v2.0) for Improved Remote Sensing Analysis of Coastal Flooding. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 19(9), 2053-2065. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2053-2019Farr, T.G., Rosen, P.A., Caro, E., Crippen, R., Duren, R., Hensley, S., Kobrick, M., Paller, M., Rodriguez, E., Roth, L., Seal, D., Shaffer, S., Shimada, J., Umland, J., Werner, M., Oskin, M., Burbank, D., and Alsdorf, D.E., 2007, The shuttle radar topography mission: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 45, no. 2, RG2004, at https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000183.Peter, B., Cohen, S., Lucey, R., Munasinghe, D., Raney, A., and G. Brakenridge (2020). "Google Earth Engine Implementation of the Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET-GEE) for Rapid and Large Scale Flood Analysis". IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031190OPERA. 2023. OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 CalVal Database (Version 1). Ver. 1.0. PO.DAAC, CA, USA. Dataset accessed [2024-05-09] at https://doi.org/10.5067/OPDSW-PCVV1Esri REST Endpoint:See URL section on right side of pageWMS Endpoint:https://maps.disasters.nasa.gov/ags03/services/brasil_flood_202405/fwdet_flood_depth/MapServer/WMSServerData Download:https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/202405-RioGrandeSul_Brazil-floods/FloodDepth/