The National Public Opinion Reference Survey (NPORS) is an annual survey of U.S. adults conducted by the "https://www.pewresearch.org/" Target="_blank">Pew Research Center. The Pew Research Center uses NPORS to produce benchmark estimates for several topics, including Americans' political and religion affiliations.

"https://www.ipsos.com/en-us" Target="_blank">Ipsos conducted the "https://www.pewresearch.org/methods/2024/07/08/how-pew-research-center-uses-its-national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors/" Target="_blank">NPORS for Pew using address-based sampling and a multimode protocol. The survey was fielded Feb. 1, 2024, to June 10, 2024. Participants were first mailed an invitation to complete an online survey. A paper survey was later mailed to those who did not respond. In total, 2,535 respondents completed the survey online, 2,764 respondents completed the paper survey, and 327 respondents completed the survey over the phone (Total N=5,626). The survey was administered in English and Spanish. The AAPOR Response Rate 1 was 32 percent.

This survey is part of the Horizon Europe Project "ActEU," which focuses on exploring the dynamics of political attitudes, behaviors, and representation within the multilevel system of the European Union during polarized times. In addition to traditional survey questions, the survey also includes two survey experiments.

The survey was administered through Computer-Assisted Web Interviews (CAWI) via an online access panel. Participants aged between 18 and 75 were selected to reflect the demographic diversity within the studied countries. The survey covers 10 European countries: Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, and Spain. These countries were strategically chosen to represent the geographic and political diversity of Europe, facilitating cross-national comparisons of political attitudes, behaviors, and representation.

Data collection took place between April 15, 2024, and May 29, 2024. A total of 13,000 respondents participated, with 1,300 respondents per country.

This data collection consists of public opinion surveys of the adult German population in December, 1968. Respondents were asked about their economic situation, the likelihood of inflation, the problems facing their communities and administrative responses to those problems, and their opinions of the chancellor, president, and the German political parties. See also the related collections, PRECONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC OPINION IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, 1964 (ICPSR 7014), and PUBLIC OPINION SURVEYS: WEST GERMANY, NOVEMBER 1968 (ICPSR 7090).

The New York City Health Opinion Poll (HOP) is a periodic rapid online poll conducted by New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. The goals of the poll are to measure adult New Yorkers’ awareness, acceptance and use — or barriers to use — of our programs; knowledge, opinions and attitudes about health care and practices; and opinions about public events that are related to health. The data collected through public health polling are rapidly analyzed and disseminated. This real-time community input informs programming and policy development at the Health Department to better meet the needs of New Yorkers.

The National Public Opinion Reference Survey (NPORS) is an annual survey of U.S. adults conducted by the "https://www.pewresearch.org/" Target="_blank">Pew Research Center. The Pew Research Center uses NPORS to produce benchmark estimates for several topics, including Americans' political and religion affiliations.

"https://www.ipsos.com/en-us" Target="_blank">Ipsos conducted the "https://www.pewresearch.org/methods/fact-sheet/national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors/" Target="_blank">National Public Opinion Reference Survey (NPORS) for the "https://www.pewresearch.org/" Target="_blank">Pew Research Center using address-based sampling and a multimode protocol. The survey was fielded May 23, 2022, to Sep. 6, 2022. Participants were first mailed an invitation to complete an online survey. A paper survey was later mailed to those who did not respond. In total, 1,982 respondents completed the survey online, and 2,061 respondents completed the paper survey (Total N=4,043). The survey was administered in English and Spanish. The AAPOR Response Rate 1 was 29 percent.

We described public views toward harm reduction among Canadian adults and tested a social exposure model predicting support for these contentious services, drawing on theories in the morality policy, intergroup relations, addiction, and media communication literatures. A quota sample of 4645 adults (18+ years), randomly drawn from an online research panel and stratified to match age and sex distributions of adults within and across Canadian provinces, was recruited in June 2018. Participants completed survey items assessing support for harm reduction for people who use drugs (PWUD) and for seven harm reduction interventions. Additional items assessed exposure to media coverage on harm reduction, and scales assessing stigma toward PWUD (α = .72), personal familiarity with PWUD (α = .84), and disease model beliefs about addiction (α = 0.79). Most (64%) Canadians supported harm reduction (provincial estimates = 60% - 73%). Five of seven interventions received majority support, including: outreach (79%), naloxone (72%), drug checking (70%), needle distribution (60%) and supervised drug consumption (55%). Low-threshold opioid agonist treatment and safe inhalation interventions received less support (49% and 44%). Our social exposure model, adjusted for respondent sex, household income, political views, and education, exhibited good fit and accounted for 17% of variance in public support for harm reduction. Personal familiarity with PWUD and disease model beliefs about addiction were directly associated with support (βs = .07 and -0.10, respectively), and indirectly influenced public support via stigmatized attitudes toward PWUD (βs = 0.01 and -0.01, respectively). Strategies to increase support for harm reduction could problematize certain disease model beliefs (e.g., “There are only two possibilities for an alcoholic or drug addict – permanent abstinence or death”) and creating opportunities to reduce social distance between PWUD, the public, and policy makers.

Abstract

The Country Opinion Survey in Mali assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Mali perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Mali on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Mali; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Mali; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Mali; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in Mali.

Geographic coverage

• Bamako
• Kayes
• Koulikoro
• Sikasso
• Segou
• Mopti
• Tombouctou
• Gao
• Kidal
• Taoudenit
• Menaka

Analysis unit

Stakeholder

Universe

Opinion leaders from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

From March to July 2020, 938 stakeholders of the WBG in Mali were invited to provide their opinions on the WBG’s work in the country by participating in a Country Opinion Survey. Participants were drawn from the Office of the President, Prime Minister; offices of a Minister; offices of a Parliamentarian; employees of ministries/ministerial departments/implementation agencies; Project Management Units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of WBG projects; consultants/contractors working on WBG-supported projects/programs; local governments; independent government institutions; the judicial system; state-owned enterprises; bilateral and multilateral agencies; private sector organizations; the financial sector/private banks; private foundations; NGOs and community-based organizations; trade unions; faith-based groups; youth groups; academia/research institutes/think tanks; and the media.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

The questionnaire used to collect the survey data consisted of the following 8 sections: A. Overall Context B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group C. World Bank Group’s Work and Engagement on the Ground D. World Bank Group’s Support in Development Areas E. World Bank Group’s Knowledge Work and Activities F. The Future Role of the World Bank Group in Mali G. Communication and Information Sharing H. Background Information

The questionnaire was prepared in English and French.

Response rate

Response rate was 54%.

The ONS Opinions Survey, Well-Being Module, April 2011: Unrestricted Access Teaching Dataset is based on the ONS Opinions Survey, Well-Being Module, April, June, July, August and September 2011 (available from the UK Data Archive under SN 6893) and constitutes real data which are used by government, business and other organisations. The teaching dataset is a subset which has been subjected to certain simplifications and additions for the purpose of learning and teaching.

The main differences are:

• the teaching dataset contains data from April 2011 only
• the number of variables has been reduced
• a reduced user guide with codebook is provided
• some variables have been recoded due to concerns about statistical disclosure

The dataset used in this paper is a large-scale international opinion survey across 44 nations involving more than 38 thousand people.

Abstract

The Country Opinion Survey in Bangladesh assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Bangladesh perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Bangladeshon 1) their views regarding the general environment in Bangladesh; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Bangladesh; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Bangladesh; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in Bangladesh.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Stakeholders of the World Bank Group in Bangladesh

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

From December 2024 to February 2025, a total of 620 stakeholders in Bangladesh were invited to provide their opinions on the WBG’s work by participating in a Country Opinion Survey (COS). A list of potential participants was compiled by the WBG country team and the field agency. Participants were drawn from government institutions, bilateral or multilateral agencies, civil society organizations, the private sector, academia and research centers, university students, and the media. Of these stakeholders, 315 participated in the survey.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

The survey was conducted in English and Bengali. The English version is provided as related material.

Response rate

51% response rate This year’s survey results were compared to the FY22 Country Opinion Survey, which had a response rate of 42% (N=351). Comparing responses across Country Opinion Surveys reflects changes in attitudes over time, as well as changes in respondent samples, methodology, and the survey instrument itself. To reduce the influence of the latter factor, only those questions with similar response scales/options were analyzed. However, the stakeholder compositions for both survey years should be taken into consideration when interpreting these comparisons, as there were government principals and local government respondents in FY22, but none in FY25, as well as university students included in FY25 but not in FY22.

This submission contains the dataset (Stata and SPSS versions) and survey questionnaire for the 2016 study of public opinion on Brexit.

A series of opinion survey and interveiws were conducted for the proposed topic to assess the impact of personal belief upon their perceptions of international issues.

The Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (OPN) is an omnibus survey that collects data from respondents in Great Britain. Information is gathered on a range of subjects, commissioned both internally by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and by external clients (other government departments, charities, non-profit organisations and academia).

One individual respondent, aged 16 or over, is selected from each sampled private household to answer questions. Data are gathered on the respondent, their family, address, household, income and education, plus responses and opinions on a variety of subjects within commissioned modules. Each regular OPN survey consists of two elements. Core questions, covering demographic information, are asked together with non-core questions that vary depending on the module(s) fielded.

The OPN collects timely data for research and policy analysis evaluation on the social impacts of recent topics of national importance, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the cost of living. The OPN has expanded to include questions on other topics of national importance, such as health and the cost of living.

For more information about the survey and its methodology, see the gov.uk OPN Quality and Methodology Information (QMI) webpage.

Changes over time

Up to March 2018, the OPN was conducted as a face-to-face survey. From April 2018 to November 2019, the OPN changed to a mixed-mode design (online first with telephone interviewing where necessary). Mixed-mode collection allows respondents to complete the survey more flexibly and provides a more cost-effective service for module customers.

In March 2020, the OPN was adapted to become a weekly survey used to collect data on the social impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the lives of people of Great Britain. These data are held under Secure Access conditions in SN 8635, ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, 2019-2023: Secure Access. (See below for information on other Secure Access OPN modules.)

From August 2021, as coronavirus (COVID-19) restrictions were lifted across Great Britain, the OPN moved to fortnightly data collection, sampling around 5,000 households in each survey wave to ensure the survey remained sustainable.

Secure Access OPN modules

Besides SN 8635 (which includes the COVID-19 Module), other Secure Access OPN data includes sensitive modules run at various points from 1997-2019, including Census religion (SN 8078), cervical cancer screening (SN 8080), contact after separation (SN 8089), contraception (SN 8095), disability (SNs 8680 and 8096), general lifestyle (SN 8092), illness and activity (SN 8094), and non-resident parental contact (SN 8093). See the individual studies for further details and information on how to apply to use them.

As part of this project, we produced a new dataset, which harmonizes numerous existing public opinion surveys from across the world to create a unique global public opinion dataset. These studies consists of over 1,100 individual country-year datasets. Putting all these together, covers 160 countries and over 3 Million respondents. This research will study the legacy impacts of previous authoritarian regimes on its citizens' political attitudes today. It thereby addresses important and unresolved questions of democratisation, by using a new methodological approach of cohort analysis to examine the lasting legacy of authoritarian dictatorships. Previous research has overlooked the possibility of citizens' formative experiences in non-democratic systems that might impact their political attitudes, values, and behaviour even after the existence of these regimes. We expect that these legacy impacts have important implications for the development of a democratic political culture in transitioning societies.

We will hence develop a new theory of authoritarian socialization, which assumes that different authoritarian regimes vary in the way they suppress their citizens, and that this in turn will lead to distinctive beliefs and behaviour in the population. Studying the experience of whole generations (or cohorts as they are also referred to) who have been socialised under dictatorships makes it possible to investigate whether regimes differ in terms of the impact they may have on their citizens' beliefs. Further we are interested in whether and how this imprint might negatively affect the establishment of a democratic political culture. The objective of this project is to develop a typology of regime characteristics and their lasting impact on the population. We expect that this typology and an accompanying policy brief will inform the practical developmental work of organisations working in transitioning societies.

This objective will be achieved by conducting a comprehensive analysis of post-authoritarian countries from different parts of the world during the entire 20th century that experienced different types and durations of suppression. This includes the military regimes in South America, but also the socialist regimes in the former Eastern block. It is not possible to study the impact of these regimes during their existence, as representative public opinion research is not possible during dictatorships. We argue, however, that this is not necessary. Instead we rely on the method of cohort analysis, developed by the principle investigator Dr. Neundorf. One of the main methodological innovations of this project is that this method allows us to identify distinct characteristics of those generations that were mainly socialised during dictatorships.

To test our new theory of authoritarian socialisation, we will merge existing survey data from numerous post-authoritarian countries. Today this is possible, as survey research and public opinion polls are widespread beyond established Western democracies. For example, since 1995 several Latin American countries annually take part in the Latinobarometro. Other data that will be used include the World Value Survey (1980-2012), and Asiabarometer (2001-2012) as well as all six rounds of the ESRC-funded European Social Survey (2002-2012). The different survey questions included in the diverse datasets will be harmonised so that a joint analysis is possible. This is a major task of this project and will yield a unique longitudinal, global database of individuals' political attitudes and behaviour.

In order to assign the regime characteristics under which each generation grew up, we will further merge existing data sources (e.g. Polity IV and Autocratic Regime Transitions data) on authoritarian regimes to measure the distinct features of each regime. We will focus, on factors such as intra-elite structure, extent, scope and density of repression, and transition to democracy. The two datasets of individual-level survey data and regime characteristics will be jointly analysed using quantitative statistical analysis of hierarchical age, period, cohort analysis to estimate the generational differences in democratic attitudes and behaviour.

EUROPINIONS focuses on the nature and composition of citizens’ EU attitudes. The comparative project investigates the causes of these attitudes, their development over time, and their effects. It focuses on the role of the media as a key antecedent of change. The present datafile encompasses the panel survey. The design of the panel survey is a multi-wave multi-country study. The study includes ten EU member states, in which at least three and at the most seven survey waves have been conducted. Countries are distributed into three subprojects, which differ in the number of survey waves and the content of each respective questionnaire. All survey waves were conducted using Computer Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI). The fieldwork was coordinated by Kantar TNS in Amsterdam and involved Kantar subsidiaries in each country. In every country, a sample was drawn from the respective databases. These databases rely on multiple recruitment strategies, including telephone, face-to-face, and online recruitment. Quotas (on age, gender, region and education) were enforced in sampling from the databases.

The purpose of this survey was to provide legislators, public officials, and Texas residents with a reliable source of information about citizens' opinions and attitudes concerning crime and criminal justice related-topics. The data collection consists of two distinctly different files, National Data (Part 2) and Texas Data (Part 1), which can be linked or used separately for analysis. The survey questions concern neighborhood atmosphere and presentation of crime in the media, worries regarding possible attacks--both robbery and physical attacks, confidence in and opinions of police and their effectiveness, problems dealing with courts, and attitudes regarding prisoners and prisons, drug laws and drug problems, and juvenile gangs. Other questions focused on attitudes concerning the death penalty, guns, and the availability of firearms. The National Data file contains additional information expanding on the respondent's sources of crime news and gang-related questions. Demographic information on respondents includes sex, age, race, income, education, and religion.

Abstract

The Country Opinion Survey in Türkiye assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Türkiye perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Türkiye on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Türkiye; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Türkiye; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Türkiye; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in Türkiye.

Geographic coverage

Ankara, Istanbul and other areas.

Analysis unit

Stakeholders of the World Bank Group in Türkiye.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

From June 2023 to August 2023, a total of 1,151 stakeholders in Türkiye were invited to provide their opinions on the WBG’s work by participating in a Country Opinion Survey. A list of potential participants was compiled by the WBG country team and the fielding agency. Participants were drawn from the Office of the President, Prime Minister, minister, office of a parliamentarian, government institutions, local governments, bilateral/multilateral agencies, the private sector, civil society, academia, and the media. Of these stakeholders, 167 participated in the survey.

Mode of data collection

Internet [int]

Research instrument

The survey was implemented in Turkish and English languages. The English version of the questionnaire is provided as related material.

Response rate

The response rate was 15%

The results of this year’s survey were compared to the FY20 Survey with a response rate of 35% (N=289). Comparing responses across Country Surveys reflects changes in attitudes over time, but also changes in respondent samples and the survey instrument itself. To reduce the influence of the latter factor, only those questions with similar response scales/options were analyzed. To address the differences in the sample composition, the data were weighted to reach comparable stakeholder composition in two years.

The Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices (SLOOS) surveys up to 80 large domestic banks and 24 U.S. branches and agencies of foreign banks. The Federal Reserve generally conducts the survey quarterly, timing it so that results are available for the January/February, April/May, August, and October/November meetings of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Federal Reserve occasionally conducts one or two additional surveys during the year. Questions cover changes in the standards and terms of the banks' lending and the state of business and household demand for loans. The survey often includes questions on other topics of current interest. The survey results are released on Mondays after the FOMC meeting.

The 2017 Chicago Council Survey continues the Chicago Council on Global Affairs' series of investigations into American public opinion on United States foreign policy. These studies were conducted quadrennially from 1974 to 2002, biennially from 2002 to 2014, and are now conducted annually. They are designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. This public opinion study of the United States focused on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally. Data were collected on a wide range of international topics, including: United States' relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, international trade, the United States' participation in potential treaties, the United States' commitment to NATO, the basing of American troops abroad, policy towards the conflict in Syria, and the United States' relations with other countries. Respondents were also asked their opinion on US institutions, the US president, and federal government programs. Demographic information collected includes age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, religious preference, household income, state of residence, and living quarters ownership status.

In this Commentary, we document that people report very different perceptions and predictions of inflation depending upon their income, education, age, race, and gender—a strange finding that may provide an important clue to understanding how to interpret survey data of inflation expectations.