This layer is the Neighborhood Development Index, or NDI. It is based on a study done by Community Development, and the Poverty Center at Case Western to identify parts of the city that fall in the middle of the spectrum of socioeconomic and housing conditions. Middle neighborhoods are typically areas on the edge between growth and decline. These are neither the strongest neighborhoods in a city nor are they the most distressed. In the process of those studies, the resulting NDI provided here is useful for policy work that is responsive to housing and economic conditions. The research team collected over 100 indicators which, through factor analysis, condensed to 65 variables across six distinct factors. These variables include, household income, housing value, race, education, age, poverty rate, health insurance attainment, foreign-born rates, loan rates, and more. These factors were further condensed into three categories here.1) Market-Rate - Relatively active in development, growing rents and transfer values, seeing market-driven development2) Middle Neighborhood - Stable areas both steadily improving or declining in property value and socioeconomic conditions3) Opportunity - Lower property values, income levels, and requiring substantially greater incentive for redevelopmentThese categories, are also used in conjunction with Community Development's residential tax abatement program. The neighborhood tiers are used to determine the level of tax abatement available.Data GlossaryObservations: Aggregated socieconomic indicators by Census block groupBlock Group: Geographic ID of the Census block groupClassification: One of the 3 tiers: Opportunity, Middle, MarketUpdate FrequencyThis data is set to be updated every 2 years. Last update was May 6, 2022--------------------------------UPDATE:05/05/2022The nomenclature "underinvested" has been modified to "opportunity."Many of the N/A areas have been converted to the "opportunity" designation. Current as of 5/5/2022ContactsCity of Cleveland, Department of Community Development

This map shows a simple summary of the social vulnerability of populations in the United States. Using Census 2010 information, the map answers the question “Where are the areas of relatively greater potential impact from disaster events within the U.S.?” from the perspective of social vulnerability to hazards. In other words, all areas of the U.S. are assessed relative to each other. Local and regional assessments of social vulnerability should apply the same model to their multi-county or multi-state region. For emergency response planning and hazard mitigation, populations can be assessed by their vulnerability to various hazards (fire, flood, etc). Physical vulnerability refers to a population’s exposure to specific potential hazards, such as living in a designated flood plain. There are various methods for calculating the potential or real geographic extents for various types of hazards. Social vulnerability refers to sensitivity to this exposure due to population and housing characteristics: age, low income, disability, home value or other factors. The social vulnerability score presented in this web service is based upon a 2000 article from the Annals of the Association of American Geographers which sums the values of 8 variables as a surrogate for "social vulnerability". For example, low-income seniors may not have access to a car to simply drive away from an ongoing hazard such as a flood. A map of the flood’s extent can be overlaid on the social vulnerability layer to allow planners and responders to better understand the demographics of the people affected by the hazard. This map depicts social vulnerability at the block group level. A high score indicates an area is more vulnerable. This web service provides a simplistic view of social vulnerability. There are more recent methods and metrics for determining and displaying social vulnerability, including the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) which capture the multi-dimensional nature of social vulnerability across space. See www.sovius.org for more information on SoVI. The refereed journal article used to guide the creation of the model in ModelBuilder was: Cutter, S. L., J. T. Mitchell, and M. S. Scott, 2000. "Revealing the Vulnerability of People and Places: A Case Study of Georgetown County, South Carolina." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 90(4): 713-737. Additionally, a white paper used to guide creation of the model in ModelBuilder was "Handbook for Conducting a GIS-Based Hazards Assessment at the County Level" by Susan L. Cutter, Jerry T. Mitchell, and Michael S. Scott.Off-the-shelf software and data were used to generate this index. ModelBuilder in ArcGIS 10.1 was used to connect the data sources and run the calculations required by the model.-------------------------The Civic Analytics Network collaborates on shared projects that advance the use of data visualization and predictive analytics in solving important urban problems related to economic opportunity, poverty reduction, and addressing the root causes of social problems of equity and opportunity. For more information see About the Civil Analytics Network.