This dataset contains a sample of 10,000 (3.5%) out of a total of 285,846 text sequences extracted from the 1891–1896 Map of London by the Ordnance Survey (OS).

The methodology used for the automated recognition, linking, and sequencing of the text is detailed in the article Recognizing and Sequencing Multi-word Texts in Maps Using an Attentive Pointer by M. Zou et al., 2025.

Description of the content

The map is drawn at a scale of five-feet to the mile (c.a. 1:1,056). The text on the map is an invaluable source of information about the Greater London in the late Victorian period. It includes the names of streets, squares, parks, watercourses and even some estates ('Poplars', 'The Grange', 'Arbutus Lodge'). In addition, the map contains many details of the function of buildings and economic activity, such as factories ('Sweet Factory', 'Crown Linoleum Works', 'Imperial Flour Mills', 'Lion Brewery'), warehouses or commercial infrastructure ('Warehouse', 'Jamaica Wharf', 'Rag Store'), offices ('Offices'), etc. The map also mentions public buildings such as schools ('School Boys, Girls & Infants', 'Sunday School'), hospitals or clinics ('St. Saviour's Union Infirmary', 'Beulah Spa Hydropathic Establishment', 'South Western Fever Hospital'), railway stations ('Clapham Station'), post offices, banks, police stations, etc. Other social venues are also mentioned, such as public houses, i.e. pubs ('P.H.'), clubs, casinos, and recreational areas (e.g. 'Cricket Ground'). Special attention is given to churches, with a regular count of the number of seats (e.g. 'Baptist Chapel Seats for 600').

In addition, the map provides details that can be of great interest in the study of everyday life in London at the end of the 19th century. For example, there are numerous mentions of 'Stables', 'Drinking Fountain's or 'Urinal'[s]. Fire protection infrastructure is highlighted, e.g. fire plugs ('F.P.') and fire alarms ('F.A.'). The map also includes information on elevation (e.g. '11·6') and flood levels (e.g. 'High Water Mark of Ordinary Tides').

A list of abbreviations used in the Ordnance Survey maps, created by Richard Oliver [1], is made available by the National Library of Scotland (link).

Organization of the data

The data in 10k_text_london_OS_1890s.geojson is organized as a regular geojson file.

Example structure

{ "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "MultiPolygon", "coordinates": [[[ [x1, y1], [x2, y2], ...]]] }, "properties": { "label": "Oxford Circus", } },

... # Further text sequences            

] }

Image documents

The original map document consists of 729 separate sheets, digitized, georeferenced, and served as geographic tiles by the National Library of Scotland [2].

Descriptive statistics

Total Number of text sequences: 285,846Sample size: 10,000Total Area covered: 450 square km

Use and Citation

For any mention of this dataset, please cite :

@misc{text_london_OS_1890s, author = {Zou, Mengjie and Petitpierre, R{\'{e}}mi and di Lenardo, Isabella}, title = {{London 1890s Ordnance Survey Text Layer}}, year = {2025}, publisher = {Zenodo}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14982946}}@article{recognizing_sequencing_2025, author = {Zou, Mengjie and Dai, Tianhao and Petitpierre, R{\'{e}}mi and Vaienti, Beatrice and di Lenardo, Isabella}, title = {{Recognizing and Sequencing Multi-word Texts in Maps Using an Attentive Pointer}}, year = {2025}}

Corresponding author

Rémi PETITPIERRE - remi.petitpierre@epfl.ch - ORCID - Github - Scholar - ResearchGate

License

This project is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 License.

Liability

We do not assume any liability for the use of this dataset.

References

Oliver R. (2013). Ordnance Survey maps: A concise guide for historians. The Charles Close Society. London, UK. 3rd Ed. 320 pages

Ordnance Survey, London, five feet to the mile, 1893-1896 (1896), https://maps.nls.uk/os/townplans-england/london-1056-1890s.html, digitized by the National Library of Scotland (NLS)

Variety of freely available Ordnance Survey digital mapping datasets including postcodes and administration boundaries. These datasets can be useful in helping to map a number of other datasets available on the London Datastore such as Borough or Ward level data. The following OS products are available to download from the OS OpenData website: MiniScale® 1:250 000 Scale Colour Raster OS Street View® Boundary-Line™ Code-Point Open® 1:50 000 Scale Gazetteer Strategi® Meridian™ 2 OS Locator™ OS Terrain 50 Land-Form PANORAMA® OS VectorMap® District (vector) OS VectorMap® District (raster) Click here to visit the Ordnance Survey OpenData pages Click here to download the Ordnance Survey OpenData files

This is a city map of London, England, shown at a 1:63,360 scale. This city map was created by the Director General of the Ordnance Survey.

Text spotting output from MapReader for 329 sheets for Greater London of the 2nd edition 6-inch-to-1-mile Ordnance Survey maps.

Files:

• parent_predictions.csv - 652,979 text predictions for each parent map using pixel coordinates, as polygons
• geo_predictions.geojson - 652,979 text predictions using geospatial coordinates, as polygons
• geo_predictions_centroid.geojson - 652,979 text predictions using geospatial coordinates, as centroids
• geo_predictions_deduplicated.geojson - 463,776 text predictions using geospatial coordinates, as polygons, duplicates removed
• geo_predictions_deduplicated_centroid.geojson - 463,776 text predictions using geospatial coordinates, as centroids, duplicated removed

The Zip folder from the website where the shape files were downloaded from below, contains a range of key GIS boundary files for ESRI and Map Info covering Greater London.

The folder includes:

• Output Area (OA) 2011,

• Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) 2004 and 2011,

• Middle Super Output Area (MSOA) 2004 and 2011,

• London Wards (two files: City of London merged into single area and split into separate wards). There are separate download file for 2014 & 2018 boundaries.

• London Boroughs

Note: The OA to MSOA boundaries have been generalizad to reduce file size/loading time.

On maps created using these boundaries the copyright must be stated. This is: "Contains National Statistics data © Crown copyright and database right [2015]" and "Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2015]"

Downloaded from: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/statistical-gis-boundary-files-london

License: UK Open Government License

The Zip folder contains a range of key GIS boundary files for ESRI and Map Info covering Greater London. The folder includes: - Output Area (OA) 2011, - Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) 2004 and 2011, - Middle Super Output Area (MSOA) 2004 and 2011, - London Wards (two files: City of London merged into single area and split into seperate wards). There is a separate download file for 2014 boundaries. - London Boroughs Note: The OA to MSOA boundaries have been generalised to reduce file size/loading time. On maps created using these boundaries the copyright must be stated. This is: "Contains National Statistics data © Crown copyright and database right [2015]" and "Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2015]" For more information about boundary data sharing read these Terms and Conditions of Supply.

London’s first Cultural Infrastructure Map brings together new research and information that has previously not existed in one place. It plots the location of cultural infrastructure and enables the user to view it alongside useful contextual data. This page contains cultural infrastructure data sets collected from summer 2024 to summer 2025 and published in 2024 and 2025. Data sets are uploaded as they become available over this period. Audits of facilities or infrastructure are a snapshot in time and based on best available information. We welcome contributions or updates to the datasets from Londoners and others which can be submitted through the Cultural Infrastructure Map . Data and analysis from GLA GIS Team form a basis for the policy and investment decisions facing the Mayor of London and the GLA group. GLA Intelligence uses a wide range of information and data sourced from third party suppliers within its analysis and reports. GLA Intelligence cannot be held responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information and data. The GLA will not be liable for any losses suffered or liabilities incurred by a party as a result of that party relying in any way on the information contained in this report. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2024. NOTE: The data is based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey’s ‘presumption to publish’. **_NOTE_: To access the data from previous cultural infrastructure audits, please visit: ** https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/cultural-infrastructure-map

London’s first Cultural Infrastructure Map brings together new research and information that has previously not existed in one place. It plots the location of cultural infrastructure and enables the user to view it alongside useful contextual data. This page contains cultural infrastructure data sets collected from summer 2024 to summer 2025 and published in 2024 and 2025. Data sets are uploaded as they become available over this period. Audits of facilities or infrastructure are a snapshot in time and based on best available information. We welcome contributions or updates to the datasets from Londoners and others which can be submitted through the Cultural Infrastructure Map . Data and analysis from GLA GIS Team form a basis for the policy and investment decisions facing the Mayor of London and the GLA group. GLA Intelligence uses a wide range of information and data sourced from third party suppliers within its analysis and reports. GLA Intelligence cannot be held responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information and data. The GLA will not be liable for any losses suffered or liabilities incurred by a party as a result of that party relying in any way on the information contained in this report. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2024. NOTE: The data is based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey’s ‘presumption to publish’. NOTE: To access the data from previous cultural infrastructure audits, please visit: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/cultural-infrastructure-map

London’s first Cultural Infrastructure Map brings together new research and information that has previously not existed in one place. It plots the location of cultural infrastructure and enables the user to view it alongside useful contextual data. This page contains cultural infrastructure data sets collected from summer 2024 to summer 2025 and published in 2024 and 2025. Data sets are uploaded as they become available over this period. Audits of facilities or infrastructure are a snapshot in time and based on best available information. We welcome contributions or updates to the datasets from Londoners and others which can be submitted through the Cultural Infrastructure Map . Data and analysis from GLA GIS Team form a basis for the policy and investment decisions facing the Mayor of London and the GLA group. GLA Intelligence uses a wide range of information and data sourced from third party suppliers within its analysis and reports. GLA Intelligence cannot be held responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information and data. The GLA will not be liable for any losses suffered or liabilities incurred by a party as a result of that party relying in any way on the information contained in this report. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2024. NOTE: The data is based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey’s ‘presumption to publish’. NOTE: To access the data from previous cultural infrastructure audits, please visit: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/cultural-infrastructure-map

The London Borough of Barnet is divided into 24 electoral Wards. The current warding arrangement came into effect on 5th May 2022. These maps have been created as general resource for the council. The information is sourced from Ordnance Survey Open Data products and may be used more widely subject to the Open Government Licence (v3). Each ward map is available in 2 different sizes, in pdf format and includes an approximate scale and information currency.

Ward boundary information is from OS Boundary-Line™ (normally released in May and October) The A3 base map information is from OS OpenMap - Local (normally released in April and October) The A4 base map information is from OS VectorMap District (normally released in May and November)

Only the latest version of the maps are published and older versions are not retained. Please note: these maps may not reflect the latest information published by Ordnance Survey, see document dates for date last updated.

The GLA have produced a dataset that provides a more accurate estimate of the extent of the London’s green infrastructure - the city’s parks, gardens, trees, green spaces, rivers and wetlands, and features such as green roofs. The green cover layer was created by combining classified near-infrared aerial imagery (NDVI) with land use datasets and resulted in a green cover estimate for London of between 48-51 percent. The baseline is presented as a range to account for variations in the analysis of aerial imagery. The methodology is set out in the report below and a web map created to visualise the data. The final green cover layer is available to download in a geospatial format (shape files). **Contains OS data **© Crown copyright and database rights 2019. Contains Verisk **Analytics ** GeoInformation Group UKMap data. NOTE: The data is based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey's 'presumption to publish'.

London’s first Cultural Infrastructure Map brings together new research and information that has previously not existed in one place. It plots the location of cultural infrastructure and enables the user to view it alongside useful contextual data.

This page contains cultural infrastructure data sets published in 2019. The data shown on the live map is more recent and can be found here .

Audits of facilities or infrastructure are a snapshot in time and based on best available information. Following an audit of cultural infrastructure in 2023, some 2019 datasets were updated to include missing infrastructure or to remove entries that had been included incorrectly.

Data and analysis from GLA GIS Team form a basis for the policy and investment decisions facing the Mayor of London and the GLA group. GLA Intelligence uses a wide range of information and data sourced from third party suppliers within its analysis and reports. GLA Intelligence cannot be held responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information and data.

The GLA will not be liable for any losses suffered or liabilities incurred by a party as a result of that party relying in any way on the information contained in this report.

Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2019.

Contains Audience Agency data.

Contains CAMRA data.

NOTE: The data is based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey's 'presumption to publish'.

NOTE: This page contains cultural infrastructure data published in 2019. For 2023 cultural infrastructure data, please visit: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/cultural-infrastructure-map-2023

This dataset is included in the Greater London Authority's Night Time Observatory. Click here to find out more.

The Zip folder contains a range of key GIS boundary files for ESRI and Map Info covering Greater London. The folder includes: - Output Area (OA) 2011, - Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) 2004 and 2011, - Middle Super Output Area (MSOA) 2004 and 2011, - London Wards (two files: City of London merged into single area and split into seperate wards). There are separate download file for 2014 & 2018 boundaries. - London Boroughs - Greater London boundary Note: The OA to MSOA boundaries have been generalised to reduce file size/loading time. On maps created using these boundaries the copyright must be stated. This is: "Contains National Statistics data © Crown copyright and database right [2015]" and "Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2015]" For more information about boundary data sharing read these Terms and Conditions of Supply.

The Policies Map illustrates geographically all site specific policies set out in OPDC's Local Plan as adopted in June 2022. If you have any queries please get in contact at planningpolicy@opdc.london.gov.uk. NOTE: The boundaries are based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey's 'presumption to publish'. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2022.

A free mapping tool that allows you to create a thematic map of London without any specialist GIS skills or software - all you need is Microsoft Excel. Templates are available for London’s Boroughs and Wards. Full instructions are contained within the spreadsheets. Macros The tool works in any version of Excel. But the user MUST ENABLE MACROS, for the features to work. There a some restrictions on functionality in the ward maps in Excel 2003 and earlier - full instructions are included in the spreadsheet. To check whether the macros are enabled in Excel 2003 click Tools, Macro, Security and change the setting to Medium. Then you have to re-start Excel for the changes to take effect. When Excel starts up a prompt will ask if you want to enable macros - click yes. In Excel 2007 and later, it should be set by default to the correct setting, but if it has been changed, click on the Windows Office button in the top corner, then Excel options (at the bottom), Trust Centre, Trust Centre Settings, and make sure it is set to 'Disable all macros with notification'. Then when you open the spreadsheet, a prompt labelled 'Options' will appear at the top for you to enable macros. To create your own thematic borough maps in Excel using the ward map tool as a starting point, read these instructions. You will need to be a confident Excel user, and have access to your boundaries as a picture file from elsewhere. The mapping tools created here are all fully open access with no passwords. Copyright notice: If you publish these maps, a copyright notice must be included within the report saying: "Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database rights." NOTE: Excel 2003 users must 'ungroup' the map for it to work.

PostGIS data for London and Greater London ward boundaries as of 2018.

This dataset is used in the london_votes sample Splitfile in which the 2017 General Election results and London Ward geodata are joined through the ONS UK Ward-Constituency lookup table to build a dataset of London constituencies and Conservative/Labour votes in each, ready for plotting as a Choropleth map.

https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/statistical-gis-boundary-files-london

Contains National Statistics data © Crown copyright and database right 2012

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2012

Author:Greater London AuthorityCreation date:April 2024Date of source data harvest:April 2024Temporal coverage of source data:2024Spatial Resolution:pan-LondonGeometry:LineSource data URL:London Heat Map and the London DatastoreData terms of use:Dataset can be shared openly for reuse for non-commercial purposes, with appropriate attribution.Data attribution:- London Heat Map, Greater London Authority, 2024.- © Crown copyright and database rights 2024 Ordnance Survey (100032216 GLA).Workflow diagrams:Not available.Comments:- The data and analysis developed for the sub-regional LAEP was undertaken using data available at the time and will need to be refined for a full Phase 2 LAEP. Please check here for more detailed background on the data.- Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the quality and accuracy of the data, the Greater London Authority is not responsible for any inaccuracies and/or mistakes in the information provided.

This file contains the digital vector boundaries for London Assembly Constituencies in England as at December 2017. The boundaries are generalised (20m) - clipped to the coastline (Mean High Water mark). Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.REST URL of ArcGIS for INSPIRE View Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/London_Assembly_Constituencies_(Dec_2017)_EN_BGC/MapServerREST URL of ArcGIS for INSPIRE Feature DownloadService – https://dservices1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/services/London_Assembly_Constituencies_December_2017_EN_BGC/WFSServer?service=wfs&request=getcapabilitiesREST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/London_Assembly_Constituencies_Dec_2017_EN_BGC_2022/FeatureServer

London Bus Routes - Last updated: See "DATE_LAST_UPDATED" field in attributes table - Ordnance Survey Alignment : No

License

These licence terms and conditions apply to TfL's free transport data service and are based on version 2.0 of the Open Government Licence with specific amendments for Transport for London (the "Licence"). TfL may at any time revise this Licence without notice. It is up to you ("You") to regularly review the Licence, which will be available on this website, in case there are any changes. Your continued use of the transport data feeds You have opted to receive ("Information") after a change has been made to the Licence will be treated as Your acceptance of that change.

Using Information under this Licence TfL grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, non-exclusive Licence to use the Information subject to the conditions below (as varied from time to time).

This Licence does not affect Your freedom under fair dealing or fair use or any other copyright or database right exceptions and limitations.

This Licence shall apply from the date of registration and shall continue for the period the Information is provided to You or You breach the Licence.

Rights You are free to:

Copy, publish, distribute and transmit the Information Adapt the Information and Exploit the Information commercially and non-commercially for example, by combining it with other Information, or by including it in Your own product or application Requirements You must, where You do any of the above:

Acknowledge TfL as the source of the Information by including the following attribution statement 'Powered by TfL Open Data' Acknowledge that this Information contains Ordnance Survey derived data by including the following attribution statement: 'Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2016' and Geomni UK Map data © and database rights [2019] Ensure our intellectual property rights, including all logos, design rights, patents and trademarks, are protected by following our design and branding guidelines Limit traffic requests up to a maximum of 300 calls per minute per data feed. TfL reserves the right to throttle or limit access to feeds when it is believed the overall service is being degraded by excessive use and Ensure the information You provide on registration is accurate These are important conditions of this Licence and if You fail to comply with them the rights granted to You under this Licence, or any similar licence granted by TfL, will end automatically.

Exemptions This Licence does not:

Transfer any intellectual property rights in the Information to You or any third party Include personal data in the Information Provide any rights to use the Information after this Licence has ended Provide any rights to use any other intellectual property rights, including patents, trade marks, and design rights or permit You to: Use data from the Oyster, Congestion Charging and Santander Cycles websites to populate or update any other software or database or Use any automated system, software or process to extract content and/or data, including trawling, data mining and screen scraping in relation to the Oyster, Congestion Charging and Santander Cycles websites, except where expressly permitted under a written licence agreement with TfL. These are important conditions of this Licence and, if You fail to comply with them, the rights granted to You under this Licence, or any similar licence granted by TfL, will end automatically.

Non-endorsement This Licence does not grant You any right to use the Information in a way that suggests any official status or that TfL endorses You or Your use of the Information.

Context

The purpose is to try predict the future bike shares.

Content

The data is acquired from 3 sources:
- Https://cycling.data.tfl.gov.uk/ 'Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2016' and Geomni UK Map data © and database rights [2019] 'Powered by TfL Open Data'
- freemeteo.com - weather data
- https://www.gov.uk/bank-holidays
From 1/1/2015 to 31/12/2016

The data from cycling dataset is grouped by "Start time", this represent the count of new bike shares grouped by hour. The long duration shares are not taken in the count.

Metadata:

"timestamp" - timestamp field for grouping the data
"cnt" - the count of a new bike shares
"t1" - real temperature in C
"t2" - temperature in C "feels like"
"hum" - humidity in percentage
"wind_speed" - wind speed in km/h
"weather_code" - category of the weather
"is_holiday" - boolean field - 1 holiday / 0 non holiday
"is_weekend" - boolean field - 1 if the day is weekend
"season" - category field meteorological seasons: 0-spring ; 1-summer; 2-fall; 3-winter.

"weathe_code" category description:
1 = Clear ; mostly clear but have some values with haze/fog/patches of fog/ fog in vicinity
2 = scattered clouds / few clouds
3 = Broken clouds
4 = Cloudy
7 = Rain/ light Rain shower/ Light rain
10 = rain with thunderstorm
26 = snowfall
94 = Freezing Fog