This dataset contains a sample of 10,000 (3.5%) out of a total of 285,846 text sequences extracted from the 1891–1896 Map of London by the Ordnance Survey (OS).

The methodology used for the automated recognition, linking, and sequencing of the text is detailed in the article Recognizing and Sequencing Multi-word Texts in Maps Using an Attentive Pointer by M. Zou et al., 2025.

Description of the content

The map is drawn at a scale of five-feet to the mile (c.a. 1:1,056). The text on the map is an invaluable source of information about the Greater London in the late Victorian period. It includes the names of streets, squares, parks, watercourses and even some estates ('Poplars', 'The Grange', 'Arbutus Lodge'). In addition, the map contains many details of the function of buildings and economic activity, such as factories ('Sweet Factory', 'Crown Linoleum Works', 'Imperial Flour Mills', 'Lion Brewery'), warehouses or commercial infrastructure ('Warehouse', 'Jamaica Wharf', 'Rag Store'), offices ('Offices'), etc. The map also mentions public buildings such as schools ('School Boys, Girls & Infants', 'Sunday School'), hospitals or clinics ('St. Saviour's Union Infirmary', 'Beulah Spa Hydropathic Establishment', 'South Western Fever Hospital'), railway stations ('Clapham Station'), post offices, banks, police stations, etc. Other social venues are also mentioned, such as public houses, i.e. pubs ('P.H.'), clubs, casinos, and recreational areas (e.g. 'Cricket Ground'). Special attention is given to churches, with a regular count of the number of seats (e.g. 'Baptist Chapel Seats for 600').

In addition, the map provides details that can be of great interest in the study of everyday life in London at the end of the 19th century. For example, there are numerous mentions of 'Stables', 'Drinking Fountain's or 'Urinal'[s]. Fire protection infrastructure is highlighted, e.g. fire plugs ('F.P.') and fire alarms ('F.A.'). The map also includes information on elevation (e.g. '11·6') and flood levels (e.g. 'High Water Mark of Ordinary Tides').

A list of abbreviations used in the Ordnance Survey maps, created by Richard Oliver [1], is made available by the National Library of Scotland (link).

Organization of the data

The data in 10k_text_london_OS_1890s.geojson is organized as a regular geojson file.

Example structure

{ "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "MultiPolygon", "coordinates": [[[ [x1, y1], [x2, y2], ...]]] }, "properties": { "label": "Oxford Circus", } },

... # Further text sequences            

] }

Image documents

The original map document consists of 729 separate sheets, digitized, georeferenced, and served as geographic tiles by the National Library of Scotland [2].

Descriptive statistics

Total Number of text sequences: 285,846Sample size: 10,000Total Area covered: 450 square km

Use and Citation

For any mention of this dataset, please cite :

@misc{text_london_OS_1890s, author = {Zou, Mengjie and Petitpierre, R{\'{e}}mi and di Lenardo, Isabella}, title = {{London 1890s Ordnance Survey Text Layer}}, year = {2025}, publisher = {Zenodo}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14982946}}@article{recognizing_sequencing_2025, author = {Zou, Mengjie and Dai, Tianhao and Petitpierre, R{\'{e}}mi and Vaienti, Beatrice and di Lenardo, Isabella}, title = {{Recognizing and Sequencing Multi-word Texts in Maps Using an Attentive Pointer}}, year = {2025}}

Corresponding author

Rémi PETITPIERRE - remi.petitpierre@epfl.ch - ORCID - Github - Scholar - ResearchGate

License

This project is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 License.

Liability

We do not assume any liability for the use of this dataset.

References

Oliver R. (2013). Ordnance Survey maps: A concise guide for historians. The Charles Close Society. London, UK. 3rd Ed. 320 pages

Ordnance Survey, London, five feet to the mile, 1893-1896 (1896), https://maps.nls.uk/os/townplans-england/london-1056-1890s.html, digitized by the National Library of Scotland (NLS)

This is a city map of London, England, shown at a 1:63,360 scale. This city map was created by the Director General of the Ordnance Survey.

This dataset is from the Ordnance Survey and it provides a representation of the hierarchy of administrative and electoral boundaries for GB (England, Scotland and Wales). The product is part of the new OS Open products suite and is designed to be used with other OpenData sets.The dataset is made up of 18 layers which are grouped in their respective categories. It contains all levels of electoral and administrative boundaries, from district, wards, civil parishes (or communities) up to parliamentary and assembly constituencies. The layers can be grouped as followed:Administrative Boundaries• Mean high water (GB)• Country (GB)• Historic European regions (GB)• Historic counties (GB)• Ceremonial counties (GB)• District, Metropolitan district, Unitary authority (GB)• Civil parish and community (GB)• Ward (district, unitary, metropolitan, London borough) (England, Scotland)• English region (England)• County (England)• Community (Wales)Electoral Boundaries• Westminster constituencies (GB)• Scottish and Welsh constituency• Scottish and Welsh electoral region• Polling districts (England)• County electoral division (England)• Unitary electoral division (England and Wales)• Greater London Authority Assembly constituenciesThe currency of this data is 04/2022 and the coverage of this service is GB.The map projection is British National Grid.

London’s first Cultural Infrastructure Map brings together new research and information that has previously not existed in one place. It plots the location of cultural infrastructure and enables the user to view it alongside useful contextual data. This page contains cultural infrastructure data sets collected in the spring and summer of 2022 and published in 2023. Audits of facilities or infrastructure are a snapshot in time and based on best available information. We welcome contributions or updates to the datasets from Londoners and others which can be submitted through the Cultural Infrastructure Map . Since the previous data sets were published in 2019, the definition and typologies of premises that feed into the ‘Music venues all’ category have been changed to ensure that the category is mapped in an improved consistency. Changes mean that the 2019 and 2023 datasets aren’t directly comparable. Data and analysis from GLA GIS Team form a basis for the policy and investment decisions facing the Mayor of London and the GLA group. GLA Intelligence uses a wide range of information and data sourced from third party suppliers within its analysis and reports. GLA Intelligence cannot be held responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information and data. The GLA will not be liable for any losses suffered or liabilities incurred by a party as a result of that party relying in any way on the information contained in this report. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2019. Contains Audience Agency data. Contains CAMRA data. NOTE: The data is based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey’s ‘presumption to publish’. NOTE: This page contains cultural infrastructure data collected in the spring and summer of 2022 and published in 2023. For 2019 cultural infrastructure data, please visit: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/cultural-infrastructure-map

London’s first Cultural Infrastructure Map brings together new research and information that has previously not existed in one place. It plots the location of cultural infrastructure and enables the user to view it alongside useful contextual data. This page contains cultural infrastructure data sets collected from summer 2024 to summer 2025 and published in 2024 and 2025. Data sets are uploaded as they become available over this period. Audits of facilities or infrastructure are a snapshot in time and based on best available information. We welcome contributions or updates to the datasets from Londoners and others which can be submitted through the Cultural Infrastructure Map . Data and analysis from GLA GIS Team form a basis for the policy and investment decisions facing the Mayor of London and the GLA group. GLA Intelligence uses a wide range of information and data sourced from third party suppliers within its analysis and reports. GLA Intelligence cannot be held responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information and data. The GLA will not be liable for any losses suffered or liabilities incurred by a party as a result of that party relying in any way on the information contained in this report. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2024. NOTE: The data is based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey’s ‘presumption to publish’. **_NOTE_: To access the data from previous cultural infrastructure audits, please visit: ** https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/cultural-infrastructure-map

The London Borough of Barnet is divided into 24 electoral Wards. The current warding arrangement came into effect on 5th May 2022. These maps have been created as general resource for the council. The information is sourced from Ordnance Survey Open Data products and may be used more widely subject to the Open Government Licence (v3). Each ward map is available in 2 different sizes, in pdf format and includes an approximate scale and information currency.

Ward boundary information is from OS Boundary-Line™ (normally released in May and October) The A3 base map information is from OS OpenMap - Local (normally released in April and October) The A4 base map information is from OS VectorMap District (normally released in May and November)

Only the latest version of the maps are published and older versions are not retained. Please note: these maps may not reflect the latest information published by Ordnance Survey, see document dates for date last updated.

The GLA have produced a dataset that provides a more accurate estimate of the extent of the London’s green infrastructure - the city’s parks, gardens, trees, green spaces, rivers and wetlands, and features such as green roofs. The green cover layer was created by combining classified near-infrared aerial imagery (NDVI) with land use datasets and resulted in a green cover estimate for London of between 48-51 percent. The baseline is presented as a range to account for variations in the analysis of aerial imagery. The methodology is set out in the report below and a web map created to visualise the data. The final green cover layer is available to download in a geospatial format (shape files). **Contains OS data **© Crown copyright and database rights 2019. Contains Verisk **Analytics ** GeoInformation Group UKMap data. NOTE: The data is based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey's 'presumption to publish'.

Text spotting output from MapReader for 329 sheets for Greater London of the 2nd edition 6-inch-to-1-mile Ordnance Survey maps.

Files:

• parent_predictions.csv - 652,979 text predictions for each parent map using pixel coordinates, as polygons
• geo_predictions.geojson - 652,979 text predictions using geospatial coordinates, as polygons
• geo_predictions_centroid.geojson - 652,979 text predictions using geospatial coordinates, as centroids
• geo_predictions_deduplicated.geojson - 463,776 text predictions using geospatial coordinates, as polygons, duplicates removed
• geo_predictions_deduplicated_centroid.geojson - 463,776 text predictions using geospatial coordinates, as centroids, duplicated removed

In the bombing data for the first night of The Blitz there is some information about the damage each bomb caused where this is available. You are going to create a map with pop-ups that not only allows your StoryMap reader to zoom in and explore the location each bomb fell on but also view the damage information.In this exercise you will:Edit the pop-ups so they have the address the bomb fell nearest to as headingsEdit the pop-ups so only the time the bomb fell, the damage data,and bomb type is displayed in the pop-ups contentCreate an instant app that displays this data and prevents the reader navigating away from London and allows them to switch between a basemap of modern London and an OS map that shows how London would have looked at the time

London’s first Cultural Infrastructure Map brings together new research and information that has previously not existed in one place. It plots the location of cultural infrastructure and enables the user to view it alongside useful contextual data.

This page contains cultural infrastructure data sets collected from summer 2024 to summer 2025 and published in 2024 and 2025. Data sets are uploaded as they become available over this period.

Audits of facilities or infrastructure are a snapshot in time and based on best available information. We welcome contributions or updates to the datasets from Londoners and others which can be submitted through the Cultural Infrastructure Map .

Data and analysis from GLA GIS Team form a basis for the policy and investment decisions facing the Mayor of London and the GLA group. GLA Intelligence uses a wide range of information and data sourced from third party suppliers within its analysis and reports. GLA Intelligence cannot be held responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information and data.

The GLA will not be liable for any losses suffered or liabilities incurred by a party as a result of that party relying in any way on the information contained in this report.

Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2024.

NOTE: The data is based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey’s ‘presumption to publish’.

NOTE: To access the data from previous cultural infrastructure audits, please visit: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/cultural-infrastructure-map

London’s first Cultural Infrastructure Map brings together new research and information that has previously not existed in one place. It plots the location of cultural infrastructure and enables the user to view it alongside useful contextual data. This page contains cultural infrastructure data sets collected in the spring and summer of 2022 and published in 2023. Audits of facilities or infrastructure are a snapshot in time and based on best available information. We welcome contributions or updates to the datasets from Londoners and others which can be submitted through the Cultural Infrastructure Map . Since the previous data sets were published in 2019, the definition and typologies of premises that feed into the ‘Music venues all’ category have been changed to ensure that the category is mapped in an improved consistency. Changes mean that the 2019 and 2023 datasets aren’t directly comparable. Data and analysis from GLA GIS Team form a basis for the policy and investment decisions facing the Mayor of London and the GLA group. GLA Intelligence uses a wide range of information and data sourced from third party suppliers within its analysis and reports. GLA Intelligence cannot be held responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information and data. The GLA will not be liable for any losses suffered or liabilities incurred by a party as a result of that party relying in any way on the information contained in this report. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2019. Contains Audience Agency data. Contains CAMRA data. NOTE: The data is based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey’s ‘presumption to publish’. NOTE: This page contains cultural infrastructure data collected in the spring and summer of 2022 and published in 2023. For 2019 cultural infrastructure data, please visit: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/cultural-infrastructure-map

London’s first Cultural Infrastructure Map brings together new research and information that has previously not existed in one place. It plots the location of cultural infrastructure and enables the user to view it alongside useful contextual data. This page contains cultural infrastructure data sets collected in the spring and summer of 2022 and published in 2023. Audits of facilities or infrastructure are a snapshot in time and based on best available information. We welcome contributions or updates to the datasets from Londoners and others which can be submitted through the Cultural Infrastructure Map . Since the previous data sets were published in 2019, the definition and typologies of premises that feed into the ‘Music venues all’ category have been changed to ensure that the category is mapped in an improved consistency. Changes mean that the 2019 and 2023 datasets aren’t directly comparable. Data and analysis from GLA GIS Team form a basis for the policy and investment decisions facing the Mayor of London and the GLA group. GLA Intelligence uses a wide range of information and data sourced from third party suppliers within its analysis and reports. GLA Intelligence cannot be held responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information and data. The GLA will not be liable for any losses suffered or liabilities incurred by a party as a result of that party relying in any way on the information contained in this report. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2019. Contains Audience Agency data. Contains CAMRA data. NOTE: The data is based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey’s ‘presumption to publish’. NOTE: This page contains cultural infrastructure data collected in the spring and summer of 2022 and published in 2023. For 2019 cultural infrastructure data, please visit: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/cultural-infrastructure-map

With this add in it is possible to create map templates from GIS files in KML format, and create choropleths with them.

Providing you have access to KML format map boundary files, it is possible to create your own quick and easy choropleth maps in Excel. The KML format files can be converted from 'shape' files. Many shape files are available to download for free from the web, including from Ordnance Survey and the London Datastore. Standard mapping packages such as QGIS (free to download) and ArcGIS can convert the files to KML format.

A sample of a KML file (London wards) can be downloaded from this page, so that users can easily test the tool out.

Macros must be enabled for the tool to function.

When creating the map using the Excel tool, the 'unique ID' should normally be the area code, the 'Name' should be the area name and then if required and there is additional data in the KML file, further 'data' fields can be added. These columns will appear below and to the right of the map. If not, data can be added later on next to the codes and names.

In the add-in version of the tool the final control, 'Scale (% window)' should not normally be changed. With the default value 0.5, the height of the map is set to be half the total size of the user's Excel window.

To run a choropleth, select the menu option 'Run Choropleth' to get this form.

To specify the colour ramp for the choropleth, the user needs to enter the number of boxes into which the range is to be divided, and the colours for the high and low ends of the range, which is done by selecting coloured option boxes as appropriate. If wished, hit the 'Swap' button to change which colours are for the different ends of the range. Then hit the 'Choropleth' button.

The default options for the colours of the ends of the choropleth colour range are saved in the add in, but different values can be selected but setting up a column range of up to twelve cells, anywhere in Excel, filled with the option colours wanted. Then use the 'Colour range' control to select this range, and hit apply, having selected high or low values as wished. The button 'Copy' sets up a sheet 'ColourRamp' in the active workbook with the default colours, which can just be extended or deleted with just a few cells, so saving the user time.

The add-in was developed entirely within the Excel VBA IDE by Tim Lund. He is kindly distributing the tool for free on the Datastore but suggests that users who find the tool useful make a donation to the Shelter charity. It is not intended to keep the actively maintained, but if any users or developers would like to add more features, email the author.

Acknowledgments

Calculation of Excel freeform shapes from latitudes and longitudes is done using calculations from the Ordnance Survey.

Following the release of the latest London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (LAEI) 2016, additional data has been produced at Borough level, to assist London boroughs with their LLAQM (London Local Air Quality Management) duties. The data below is based on the NOx, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 emissions and ground level concentrations already published as part of the LAEI 2016. It includes the following datasets, which can be downloaded below: Borough-specific data files containing: 2016 Maps of ground level concentrations across each borough for NOx, NO2, PM2.5 (annual mean), and PM10 (both annual mean and number of daily means over 50µg/m3). Maps are provided as JPEG and PDF files, and in two versions: one with an OS base map included (Conc2) and one without it (Conc1). Dashboards of emissions at borough level (tables and graphs) by source type for 2010, 2013 and 2016, for NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and CO2 London-wide data files: A Source Apportionment (Excel) tool, providing a summary table and chart of emissions split by source at a chosen location (1km2 resolution) and at borough level A summary table providing key borough level statistics in relation to population exposed to NO2 concentrations above the Limit Values (40µg/m3 annual mean and 60µg/m3 annual mean as a proxy for the hourly mean Limit Value)

Following the release of the latest London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (LAEI) 2019, additional data has been produced at Borough level, to assist London boroughs with their LLAQM (London Local Air Quality Management) duties. The data below is based on the NOx, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 emissions and ground level NOx, NO2 and PM concentrations already published as part of the LAEI 2019. It includes the following datasets, which can be downloaded below: Maps of ground level concentrations across each borough for NOx, NO2, PM2.5 (annual mean), and PM10 (both annual mean and number of daily means over 50µg/m3) for years 2019, 2025 and 2030. Maps are provided as JPG and PDF files, and in two versions: one with an OS base map included (Conc2) and one without it (Conc1). Dashboards of emissions at borough level (tables and graphs) by source type for 2013, 2016, 2019, 2025 and 2030, for NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and CO2 Charts and tables of emissions by source type at borough level for NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and CO2, as reported in the dashboard of emissions. Additionally, a more detailed split of emissions for 2019, 2025 and 2030 is provided in alternative charts. Update 25 04 2023: Emissions and Concentration Maps for forecast years 2025 and 2030 have been added.