As of 2022, out-of-pocket spending in Nigeria represented just over ** percent of the country's health expenditure. This increased from the preceding year. In 2005, the share stood at ** percent.

Forecast: Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure in Nigeria 2024 - 2028 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Nigeria NG: Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure: % of Current Health Expenditure data was reported at 72.239 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 72.231 % for 2014. Nigeria NG: Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure: % of Current Health Expenditure data is updated yearly, averaging 74.678 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 83.145 % in 2003 and a record low of 71.448 % in 2013. Nigeria NG: Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure: % of Current Health Expenditure data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Share of out-of-pocket payments of total current health expenditures. Out-of-pocket payments are spending on health directly out-of-pocket by households.; ; World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (http://apps.who.int/nha/database).; Weighted average;

Out of pocket expenditure as a share of current health expenditure of Nigeria slipped by 0.15% from 76.2 % in 2021 to 76.1 % in 2022. Since the 4.45% growth in 2020, out of pocket expenditure as a share of current health expenditure grew by 1.95% in 2022. Share of out-of-pocket payments of total current health expenditures. Out-of-pocket payments are spending on health directly out-of-pocket by households.

Forecast: Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure in Nigeria 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Nigeria NG: Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure Per Capita: Current Price data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2014. Nigeria NG: Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure Per Capita: Current Price data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2014 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2000. Nigeria NG: Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure Per Capita: Current Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: Health Statistics. Health expenditure through out-of-pocket payments per capita in USD. Out of pocket payments are spending on health directly out of pocket by households in each country.; ; World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (http://apps.who.int/nha/database).; Weighted Average;

Nigeria NG: Proportion of Population Spending More Than 10% of Household Consumption or Income on Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: % data was reported at 24.770 % in 2009. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.514 % for 2003. Nigeria NG: Proportion of Population Spending More Than 10% of Household Consumption or Income on Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: % data is updated yearly, averaging 19.642 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2009, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24.770 % in 2009 and a record low of 14.514 % in 2003. Nigeria NG: Proportion of Population Spending More Than 10% of Household Consumption or Income on Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: Poverty. Proportion of population spending more than 10% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure, expressed as a percentage of a total population of a country; ; Wagstaff et al. Progress on catastrophic health spending: results for 133 countries. A retrospective observational study, Lancet Global Health 2017.; Weighted Average;

This dataset supports a study of how disaggregated health-financing segments viz. health expenditure per capita, recurrent health expenditure, capital health expenditure, and out-of-pocket health spending, relate to social sustainability in Nigeria, measured by life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate. By separating recurrent vs capital government spending and household out-of-pocket payments from per-capita spending, the data enable clean tests of financing composition effects on population health.Variables (what each column means)/source sitesYEAR: Calendar year.LEX_years: Life expectancy at birth, total (years).Source site: World Bank WDI → https://data.worldbank.orgIMR_per_1000: Infant mortality rate (deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births).Source site: World Bank WDI → https://data.worldbank.orgHEXPc_USD: Current health expenditure per capita (current US$).Source site: World Bank WDI (from WHO GHED) → https://data.worldbank.orgOPHS_percent: Out-of-pocket spending as a % of current health expenditure (households’ direct payments).Source site: World Bank WDI / WHO Global Health Expenditure Database → https://data.worldbank.org ; https://apps.who.int/nha/databaseRHEX_Naira_billion: Federal Government Recurrent health expenditure (₦ billions).Source site: CBN Statistical Bulletin → https://www.cbn.gov.ng (Statistics ▸ Statistical Bulletin ▸ Public Finance)CHEX_Naira_billion: Federal Government Capital health expenditure (₦ billions).Source site: CBN Statistical Bulletin → https://www.cbn.gov.ng (Statistics ▸ Statistical Bulletin ▸ Public Finance)Notes: Spending series from WDI/WHO typically have strongest coverage from 2000 onward; earlier years may be NA. RHEX/CHEX are nominal ₦ billions from CBN Public Finance functional tables (Health).

In Nigeria, out-of-pocket spending occupied the largest share of the expenditure on health in 2022, at over ** percent. Government transfers, external aid, and social health insurance contributions followed, respectively.

Nigeria NG: Increase in Poverty Gap at $3.20: Poverty Line Due To Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: USD data was reported at 7.515 USD in 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.662 USD for 2010. Nigeria NG: Increase in Poverty Gap at $3.20: Poverty Line Due To Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: USD data is updated yearly, averaging 6.662 USD from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2012, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.515 USD in 2012 and a record low of 5.609 USD in 2003. Nigeria NG: Increase in Poverty Gap at $3.20: Poverty Line Due To Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Increase in poverty gap at $3.20 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure, expressed in US dollars (2011 PPP). The poverty gap increase due to out-of-pocket health spending is one way to measure how much out-of-pocket health spending pushes people below or further below the poverty line (the difference in the poverty gap due to out-of-pocket health spending being included or excluded from the measure of household welfare). This difference corresponds to the total out-of-pocket health spending for households that are already below the poverty line, to the amount that exceeds the shortfall between the poverty line and total consumption for households that are impoverished by out-of-pocket health spending and to zero for households whose consumption is above the poverty line after accounting for out-of-pocket health spending.; ; World Health Organization and World Bank. 2019. Global Monitoring Report on Financial Protection in Health 2019.; Weighted average;

Nigeria NG: Number of People Spending More Than 25% of Household Consumption or Income on Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure data was reported at 13,800,000.000 Person in 2009. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,058,000.000 Person for 2003. Nigeria NG: Number of People Spending More Than 25% of Household Consumption or Income on Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure data is updated yearly, averaging 9,429,000.000 Person from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2009, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,800,000.000 Person in 2009 and a record low of 5,058,000.000 Person in 2003. Nigeria NG: Number of People Spending More Than 25% of Household Consumption or Income on Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Number of people spending more than 25% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure; ; Wagstaff et al. Progress on catastrophic health spending: results for 133 countries. A retrospective observational study, Lancet Global Health 2017.; Sum;

Nigeria NG: Out-of-Pocket Helath Expenditure Per Capita: Current PPP data was reported at 0.000 Intl $ mn in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.000 Intl $ mn for 2014. Nigeria NG: Out-of-Pocket Helath Expenditure Per Capita: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 Intl $ mn from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 Intl $ mn in 2009 and a record low of 0.000 Intl $ mn in 2000. Nigeria NG: Out-of-Pocket Helath Expenditure Per Capita: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: Health Statistics. Health expenditure through out-of-pocket payments per capita in international dollars at purchasing power parity (PPP).; ; World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (http://apps.who.int/nha/database).; Weighted Average;

Nigeria NG: Number of People Spending More Than 10% of Household Consumption or Income on Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure data was reported at 38,200,000.000 Person in 2009. This records an increase from the previous number of 19,200,000.000 Person for 2003. Nigeria NG: Number of People Spending More Than 10% of Household Consumption or Income on Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure data is updated yearly, averaging 28,700,000.000 Person from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2009, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 38,200,000.000 Person in 2009 and a record low of 19,200,000.000 Person in 2003. Nigeria NG: Number of People Spending More Than 10% of Household Consumption or Income on Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Number of people spending more than 10% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure; ; Wagstaff et al. Progress on catastrophic health spending: results for 133 countries. A retrospective observational study, Lancet Global Health 2017.; Sum;

Nigeria aims to enhance its healthcare quality index score of 84th out of 110 countries and its Sustainable Development Goals Index ranking of 146th out of 166. Due to increased population, disease burden, and patient awareness, healthcare demand is rising, putting pressure on funding and quality assurance. The Nigerian healthcare financing and its impacts are complex; this study gives insights into the trends. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey (conducted from June to August 2023) and 2010–2023 health budget analysis examined healthcare finance patterns and user attitudes (utilisation, preference and quality perceptions) in Nigeria. Data from government health budgets and a stratified random sample of 2,212 from nine states, obtained from the socioculturally diverse 237 million population, were analysed with a focus on trends, proportions, frequency distributions, and tests of association. Results show that the average rating of healthcare experiences did not vary significantly over the last decade. Healthcare system quality was rated mainly poor or very poor; structure (74.09%), services (61.66%), and cost (60.89%). While 87.36% used government healthcare facilities, 85.00% paid out-of-pocket, and 72.60% of them were dissatisfied with the value for money. Despite a preference for government facilities (71.43%), respondents cited high costs (62.75%), poor funding (85.65%), inadequate staffing (90.73%), and lack of essential medicines (88.47%) as major challenges. The budget analysis reveals an average government healthcare fund allocation of $7.12 compared with an estimated expenditure of $82.75 per person annually. Nigeria allocates only an average of 0.37% of GDP and 4.61% of the national budget to healthcare, comprising a maximum of 13.56% of total health expenditure. This study emphasises the urgent need for policy reforms and implementations to improve Nigeria’s healthcare financing and service quality. Targeted interventions are essential to address systemic challenges and meet population needs while aligning with international health services and best standards.

ObjectivesBetter insights into health care utilization and out-of-pocket expenditures for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD) are needed to develop accessible health care and limit the increasing financial burden of NCCDs in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsA household survey was conducted in rural Kwara State, Nigeria, among 5,761 individuals. Data were obtained using biomedical and socio-economic questionnaires. Health care utilization, NCCD-related health expenditures and distances to health care providers were compared by sex and by wealth quintile, and a Heckman regression model was used to estimate health expenditures taking selection bias in health care utilization into account.ResultsThe prevalence of NCCDs in our sample was 6.2%. NCCD-affected individuals from the wealthiest quintile utilized formal health care nearly twice as often as those from the lowest quintile (87.8% vs 46.2%, p = 0.002). Women reported foregone formal care more often than men (43.5% vs. 27.0%, p = 0.058). Health expenditures relative to annual consumption of the poorest quintile exceeded those of the highest quintile 2.2-fold, and the poorest quintile exhibited a higher rate of catastrophic health spending (10.8% among NCCD-affected households) than the three upper quintiles (4.2% to 6.7%). Long travel distances to the nearest provider, highest for the poorest quintile, were a significant deterrent to seeking care. Using distance to the nearest facility as instrument to account for selection into health care utilization, we estimated out-of-pocket health care expenditures for NCCDs to be significantly higher in the lowest wealth quintile compared to the three upper quintiles.ConclusionsFacing potentially high health care costs and poor accessibility of health care facilities, many individuals suffering from NCCDs—particularly women and the poor—forego formal care, thereby increasing the risk of more severe illness in the future. When seeking care, the poor spend less on treatment than the rich, suggestive of lower quality care, while their expenditures represent a higher share of their annual household consumption. This calls for targeted interventions that enhance health care accessibility and provide financial protection from the consequences of NCCDs, especially for vulnerable populations.

Nigeria NG: Proportion of Population Pushed Below the $3.20: Poverty Line by Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: % data was reported at 1.080 % in 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.883 % for 2015. Nigeria NG: Proportion of Population Pushed Below the $3.20: Poverty Line by Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: % data is updated yearly, averaging 2.898 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2018, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.968 % in 2003 and a record low of 1.080 % in 2018. Nigeria NG: Proportion of Population Pushed Below the $3.20: Poverty Line by Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Proportion of population pushed below the $3.20 ($2011 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure. This indicator shows the fraction of a country’s population experiencing out-of-pocket health impoverishing expenditures, defined as expenditures without which the household they live in would have been above the $3.20 poverty line, but because of the expenditures is below the poverty line. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).; ; World Health Organization and World Bank. 2021. Global Monitoring Report on Financial Protection in Health 2021.; Weighted Average; This indicator is related to Sustainable Development Goal 3.8.2 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

IntroductionThe availability of quality primary health care (PHC) services in Nigeria is limited. The PHC system faces significant challenges and the improvement and expansion of PHC services is constrained by low government spending on health, especially on PHC. Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures dominate health spending in Nigeria and the reliance on OOP payments leads to financial burdens on the poorest and most vulnerable populations. To address these challenges, the Nigerian government has implemented several legislative and policy reforms, including the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) Act enacted in 2022 to make health insurance mandatory for all Nigerian citizens and residents. Our study aimed to determine the costs of providing PHC services at public health facilities in Kaduna and Kano, Nigeria. We compared the actual PHC service delivery costs to the normative costs of delivering the Minimum Service Package (MSP) in the two states.MethodsWe collected primary data from 50 health facilities (25 per state), including PHC facilities—health posts, health clinics, health centers—and general hospitals. Data on facility-level recurrent costs were collected retrospectively for 2019 to estimate economic costs from the provider’s perspective. Statewide actual costs were estimated by extrapolating the PHC cost estimates at sampled health facilities, while normative costs were derived using standard treatment protocols (STPs) and the populations requiring PHC services in each state.ResultsWe found that average actual PHC costs per capita at PHC facilities—where most PHC services should be provided according to government guidelines—ranged from US$ 18.9 to US$ 28 in Kaduna and US$ 15.9 to US$ 20.4 in Kano, depending on the estimation methods used. When also considering the costs of PHC services provided at general hospitals—where approximately a third of PHC services are delivered in both states—the actual per capita costs of PHC services ranged from US$ 20 to US$ 30.6 in Kaduna and US$ 17.8 to US$ 22 in Kano. All estimates of actual PHC costs per capita were markedly lower than the normative per capita costs of delivering quality PHC services to all those who need them, projected at US$ 44.9 in Kaduna and US$ 49.5 in Kano.DiscussionBridging this resource gap would require significant increases in expenditures on PHC in both states. These results can provide useful information for ongoing discussions on the implementation of the NHIA Act including the refinement of provider payment strategies to ensure that PHC providers are remunerated fairly and that they are incentivized to provide quality PHC services.

Incidence and intensity of catastrophic out-of-pocket medical expenditures among CVDs patients accessing healthcare in public and private hospitals in Ibadan.

Nigeria NG: Increase in Poverty Gap at $3.20: Poverty Line Due To Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: % of Poverty Line data was reported at 2.348 % in 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.082 % for 2010. Nigeria NG: Increase in Poverty Gap at $3.20: Poverty Line Due To Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: % of Poverty Line data is updated yearly, averaging 2.082 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2012, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.348 % in 2012 and a record low of 1.753 % in 2003. Nigeria NG: Increase in Poverty Gap at $3.20: Poverty Line Due To Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: % of Poverty Line data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Increase in poverty gap at $3.20 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure, as a percentage of the $3.20 poverty line. The poverty gap increase due to out-of-pocket health spending is one way to measure how much out-of-pocket health spending pushes people below or further below the poverty line (the difference in the poverty gap due to out-of-pocket health spending being included or excluded from the measure of household welfare). This difference corresponds to the total out-of-pocket health spending for households that are already below the poverty line, to the amount that exceeds the shortfall between the poverty line and total consumption for households that are impoverished by out-of-pocket health spending and to zero for households whose consumption is above the poverty line after accounting for out-of-pocket health spending.; ; World Health Organization and World Bank. 2019. Global Monitoring Report on Financial Protection in Health 2019.; Weighted average;

Poverty headcount before and after accounting for out-of-pocket medical expenditures among the households CVDs patients accessing healthcare in public and private hospitals in Ibadan (N = 744).