This dataset is intended for researchers, students, and policy makers for reference and mapping purposes, and may be used for basic applications such as viewing, querying, and map output production, or to provide a basemap to support graphical overlays and analysis with other spatial data.

The EPIC-Oxford study is a population-based prospective cohort study in the UK. EPIC-Oxford is part of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).

These data consist of measures of Internet use estimated using small area estimation. The small area estimation is based on census Output Areas (OAs) using the 2013 Oxford Internet Survey (OxIS) and the 2011 British census. There is an estimate for each OA in Great Britain. By combining the 2013 OxIS survey data with the comprehensive small area coverage of the 2011 British census we can use the strengths of one to offset the gaps in the other. Specifically, we follow a two-step process. First, we use the information that is reliably available in OxIS to create model that estimates the proportion of Internet users in OAs. Second, we use the parameters from this model combined with census data to estimate the proportion of Internet users each OA in Britain. Once these estimates are available, we aggregate the estimates up to higher levels of geography. In this way we can estimate Internet use in Glasgow, Manchester and Cardiff as well as other small areas in Britain. This procedure is referred to as indirect, model-based or synthetic estimation. In recent years such SAE techniques have been widely used throughout Europe and North America. See the project website for more details.The objective of the Geography of Digital Inequality project was to explore the geographical contours of Internet use and penetration in Britain. Specifically, the project assembled from existing datasets a new dataset which contains Internet information at fine-grained geographic levels, census output areas (OAs). From OAs we were able to aggregate to higher geographic levels such as counties, Welsh and Scottish Councils, metropolitan areas, or others. Through this unique dataset we explored digital divides and the geography of the Internet, a capability possessed by no other dataset. Specifically, we explored the extent of use versus non-use of the Internet. There were 2 datasets used to assemble this dataset. First, the 2013 Oxford Internet Survey (OxIS) is a random sample of the 2657 people age 14+ from the British population (England, Scotland & Wales). Interviews were conducted face-to-face by an independent survey research company. The response rate for 2013 was 51%. The data collection was a two-stage sample. A random sample of census output areas (OAs) was selected and respondents were randomly sampled within each selected OA. For details, see "Data collection technical report.pdf" which has been uploaded. We use six variables from OxIS: Internet use, region, age, lifestage, gender and education. The questionnaire for OxIS contains about 300 variables and it is available from the OxIS website, see the URL in the "related resources" section. Second, the 2011 British Census. For information on how the census was conducted,see the census website. The URL for the 2011 census is given below in "related resources".

Over the five years through 2024-25, biotechnology revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 8.1% to £23.4 billion. Biotechnology can make agriculture more efficient and sustainable, broadening its appeal and economic value. It’s fast becoming a prominent part of the UK life science sector, alongside pharmaceutical and medical technology. The convergence of these three technologies makes it increasingly difficult to identify the boundaries between them. Even so, high demand for biotechnology products that help solve medical, agricultural and industrial issues has contributed to strong revenue growth. Biotech companies rely heavily on funding from investors and significant government assistance. After COVID-19 hit, biotech companies involved in human health products saw a surge in private and government funding. Companies researching diagnostic techniques and cures for the virus and partnering with pharmaceutical companies to develop a vaccine were big winners of the spike in private investment; according to the BioIndustry Association and Clarivate, the UK biotech sector raised a record £4.5 billion in investment in 2021. Because of this, revenue and the average industry profit margin shot up in 2021-22 as biotech companies enjoyed a bumper year. Biotech businesses have benefitted from government funding and strategic initiatives. Innovations in genetic mapping and CRISPR technology have propelled companies like Oxford Nanopore Technologies to the forefront, showcasing advanced applications in genomic sequencing and cell therapy. Revenue is set to swell by 6.1% in 2024-25, while profit is also edging upwards as biotech investment rises and the market matures. The industry is poised for growth driven by government investments and technological advancements. Outlined in December 2023, the UK government’s £2 billion investment plan, promises to fuel R&D and infrastructure development over the next decade. Revenue is anticipated to climb at a compound annual rate of 8.3% over the five years through 2029-30 to £34.9 billion. The ageing UK population, resource scarcity and the need for more efficient and environmentally friendly production in agriculture, energy and industrial sectors will propel demand. The government will continue to support biotech companies by providing higher funding as it prioritises science and research to drive economic growth. This hike in both demand and funding will attract more start-ups to the market, but there’s also likely to be some consolidation; large pharmaceutical companies will target small biotechnology businesses for expansion. Profit will also continue to expand as mature companies generate healthier royalties. Although foreign competition from countries like China and India will likely intensify, the UK’s world-class research infrastructure and strong governmental support for biotech businesses will foster innovation and growth.