COVID-19 Cases information is reported through the Pennsylvania State Department’s National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (PA-NEDSS). As new cases are passed to the Allegheny County Health Department they are investigated by case investigators. During investigation some cases which are initially determined by the State to be in the Allegheny County jurisdiction may change, which can account for differences between publication of the files on the number of cases, deaths and tests. Additionally, information is not always reported to the State in a timely manner, delays can range from days to weeks, which can also account for discrepancies between previous and current files. Test and Case information will be updated daily. This resource contains individuals who received a COVID-19 test and individuals whom are probable cases. Every day, these records are overwritten with updates. Each row in the data reflects a person that is tested, not tests that are conducted. People that are tested more than once will have their testing and case data updated using the following rules:

1. Positive tests overwrite negative tests.
2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests overwrite antibody or antigen (AG) tests.
3. The first positive PCR test is never overwritten. Data collected from additional tests do not replace the first positive PCR test.

Note: On April 4th 2022 the Pennsylvania Department of Health no longer required labs to report negative AG tests. Therefore aggregated counts that included AG tests have been removed from the Municipality/Neighborhood files going forward. Versions of this data up to this cut-off have been retained as archived files.

Individual Test information is also updated daily. This resource contains the details and results of individual tests along with demographic information of the individual tested. Only PCR and AG tests are included. Every day, these records are overwritten with updates. This resource should be used to determine positivity rates.

The remaining datasets provide statistics on death demographics. Demographic, municipality and neighborhood information for deaths are reported on a weekly schedule and are not included with individual cases or tests. This has been done to protect the privacy and security of individuals and their families in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Municipality or City of Pittsburgh Neighborhood is based off the geocoded home address of the individual tested.

Individuals whose home address is incomplete may not be in Allegheny County but whose temporary residency, work or other mitigating circumstance are determined to be in Allegheny County by the Pennsylvania Department of Health are counted as "Undefined".

Since the start of the pandemic, the ACHD has mapped every day’s COVID tests, cases, and deaths to their Allegheny County municipality and neighborhood. Tests were mapped to patient address, and if this was not available, to the provider location. This has recently resulted in apparent testing rates that exceeded the populations of various municipalities -- mostly those with healthcare providers. As this was brought to our attention, the health department and our data partners began researching and comparing methods to most accurately display the data. This has led us to leave those with missing home addresses off the map. Although these data will still appear in test, case and death counts, there will be over 20,000 fewer tests and almost 1000 fewer cases on the map. In addition to these map changes, we have identified specific health systems and laboratories that had data uploading errors that resulted in missing locations, and are working with them to correct these errors.

Due to minor discrepancies in the Municipal boundary and the City of Pittsburgh Neighborhood files individuals whose City Neighborhood cannot be identified are be counted as “Undefined (Pittsburgh)”.

On May 19, 2023, with the rescinding of the COVID-19 public health emergency, changes in data and reporting mechanisms prompted a change to an annual data sharing schedule for tests, cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. Dates for annual release are TBD. The weekly municipal counts and individual data produced before this changed are maintained as archive files.

Support for Health Equity datasets and tools provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) through their Health Equity Initiative.

Weekly updates have finished with the June 28th update. “Note: Beginning 7/13/2022, the hospitals are no longer reporting data on airborne isolation beds resulting in null values being displayed for the airborne isolation bed metrics.” This dataset contains aggregate hospitalization data related to COVID-19 patient which includes availability of ICU beds, patients on ventilators, ventilators in use, and total patients hospitalized data at the state and county level for Pennsylvania residents.
Data will be updated between 11:30 am to 1:30pm each Wednesday.

COVID-19 Cases information is reported through the Pennsylvania State Department’s National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (PA-NEDSS). As new cases are passed to the Allegheny County Health Department they are investigated by case investigators. During investigation some cases which are initially determined by the State to be in the Allegheny County jurisdiction may change, which can account for differences between publication of the files on the number of cases, deaths and tests. Additionally, information is not always reported to the State in a timely manner, delays can range from days to weeks, which can also account for discrepancies between previous and current files. Test and Case information will be updated daily. This resource contains individuals who received a COVID-19 test and individuals whom are probable cases. Every day, these records are overwritten with updates. Each row in the data reflects a person that is tested, not tests that are conducted. People that are tested more than once will have their testing and case data updated using the following rules: Positive tests overwrite negative tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests overwrite antibody or antigen (AG) tests. The first positive PCR test is never overwritten. Data collected from additional tests do not replace the first positive PCR test. Note: On April 4th 2022 the Pennsylvania Department of Health no longer required labs to report negative AG tests. Therefore aggregated counts that included AG tests have been removed from the Municipality/Neighborhood files going forward. Versions of this data up to this cut-off have been retained as archived files. Individual Test information is also updated daily. This resource contains the details and results of individual tests along with demographic information of the individual tested. Only PCR and AG tests are included. Every day, these records are overwritten with updates. This resource should be used to determine positivity rates. The remaining datasets provide statistics on death demographics. Demographic, municipality and neighborhood information for deaths are reported on a weekly schedule and are not included with individual cases or tests. This has been done to protect the privacy and security of individuals and their families in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Municipality or City of Pittsburgh Neighborhood is based off the geocoded home address of the individual tested. Individuals whose home address is incomplete may not be in Allegheny County but whose temporary residency, work or other mitigating circumstance are determined to be in Allegheny County by the Pennsylvania Department of Health are counted as "Undefined". Since the start of the pandemic, the ACHD has mapped every day’s COVID tests, cases, and deaths to their Allegheny County municipality and neighborhood. Tests were mapped to patient address, and if this was not available, to the provider location. This has recently resulted in apparent testing rates that exceeded the populations of various municipalities -- mostly those with healthcare providers. As this was brought to our attention, the health department and our data partners began researching and comparing methods to most accurately display the data. This has led us to leave those with missing home addresses off the map. Although these data will still appear in test, case and death counts, there will be over 20,000 fewer tests and almost 1000 fewer cases on the map. In addition to these map changes, we have identified specific health systems and laboratories that had data uploading errors that resulted in missing locations, and are working with them to correct these errors. Due to minor discrepancies in the Municipal boundary and the City of Pittsburgh Neighborhood files individuals whose City Neighborhood cannot be identified are be counted as “Undefined (Pittsburgh)”.

ObjectiveChronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) affects 12% of the Dutch population, with similar rates in other Western countries. CNCP not only influences the physical aspects of the body but also has a relationship with affect. Affect can be positive (PA) or negative (NA). This study investigated the relationship between pain and affect and how this relationship may have differed before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsIn this prospective study, patients were recruited during a standard pre-consultation visit at an outpatient pain clinic. The novelty of this approach lies in the utilisation of the experience sampling method (ESM). Patients were asked to complete an ESM digital tool 10 times a day for six consecutive days. They were categorised into the pre-COVID-19 (before March 20, 2020; n = 14) and during-COVID-19 (after March 20, 2020; n = 11) groups. The study cohort consisted of females only.ResultsPatient pain levels, NA, and PA were assessed. Patients with a low PA during the pandemic experienced a significant negative impact on their daily pain levels, correlating with a 2.7-point increase on a 0–10 numeric rating scale.ConclusionsUnlike the previous focus on the effect of high NA on pain, this study emphasises the negative influence of low PA, which can likely be attributed to reduced hedonic activities during global life events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the micro-level impact of low PA on individuals may provide novel targeted treatment approaches for chronic pain management.

Cumulative case counts for influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) by county. Updates every Tuesday. Data contains cases reported from September 28, 2025 through the previous Saturday.

The Multimode Multiband Power Amplifier Modules (MMMB PA) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for high-performance, energy-efficient communication devices across various sectors. The proliferation of 5G networks, the expanding Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, and the surging adoption of advanced wireless technologies are key catalysts fueling this expansion. Considering typical growth rates observed in the semiconductor and wireless communication sectors, and assuming a conservative estimate based on available data, let's posit a 2025 market size of $8 billion, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033. This indicates a significant market opportunity, with the market value expected to exceed $20 billion by 2033. Key market drivers include the miniaturization of devices, the need for improved power efficiency, and the increasing complexity of wireless communication protocols. This necessitates the use of sophisticated MMMP PA modules capable of handling multiple frequency bands and communication modes simultaneously. However, several restraints could impede the market's trajectory. These include the high cost of developing advanced MMMP PA modules, the complexity of integrating these modules into diverse devices, and the potential for supply chain disruptions. Furthermore, the continuous evolution of wireless technologies necessitates ongoing research and development efforts to maintain competitiveness. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the MMMB PA market remains positive, fueled by continuous innovation in semiconductor technology and the ongoing demand for enhanced wireless connectivity. The market segmentation, characterized by different power output levels, frequency bands supported, and applications, further contributes to the market's dynamism and offers opportunities for specialized players to focus on niche segments.

The silicon-based power amplifier (PA) module market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for high-performance, energy-efficient, and cost-effective solutions in various applications. The market, estimated at $1.5 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $4.2 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors, including the proliferation of 5G and other advanced wireless communication technologies, the growing adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and the increasing miniaturization of electronics. The automotive sector's integration of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and connected car technologies further contributes to market growth. Furthermore, continuous advancements in silicon-based PA technology, leading to improved efficiency and performance, are bolstering market expansion. Key players in the silicon-based PA module market, such as Skyworks, Qorvo, Broadcom, Qualcomm, Murata, Vanchip (Tianjin) Technology, Maxscend Microelectronics, and WARP Solution, are strategically investing in research and development to enhance their product offerings and expand their market share. However, the market faces challenges such as stringent regulatory requirements and the emergence of alternative technologies. Despite these restraints, the overall market outlook remains positive, driven by the aforementioned growth drivers. Segmentation analysis reveals a strong demand for silicon-based PA modules in various frequency bands, particularly those used in 5G and Wi-Fi 6/6E applications. Regional variations exist, with North America and Asia-Pacific currently leading market share due to their technological advancements and high adoption rates of related technologies.

The global PA Medical Suture market is poised for robust expansion, projected to reach a substantial market size of approximately $5,200 million by 2025, driven by a significant Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.5%. This upward trajectory is underpinned by increasing demand for advanced and biocompatible surgical materials. The growing prevalence of chronic diseases, an aging global population, and the continuous advancements in surgical techniques are primary catalysts fueling market growth. Furthermore, the expanding healthcare infrastructure in emerging economies and a rising awareness regarding the benefits of high-performance sutures contribute to this positive outlook. Key applications such as Long Monofilament Materials are witnessing substantial adoption due to their superior handling characteristics and reduced tissue drag, essential for delicate surgical procedures. The market segmentation by material type, primarily PA6 and PA66, highlights the versatility and specific applications of polyamide sutures in diverse medical fields. The competitive landscape features a blend of established global players and emerging manufacturers, all vying to innovate and capture market share. Major trends include the development of antimicrobial sutures, enhanced tensile strength, and improved knot security. However, the market also faces certain restraints, including the higher cost of advanced polyamide sutures compared to traditional materials and stringent regulatory approval processes for new products. Despite these challenges, the overarching demand for safer, more effective, and patient-friendly surgical solutions ensures a dynamic and growing PA Medical Suture market for the foreseeable future, with significant opportunities in regions like Asia Pacific and North America.

The global Polyamide (PA) caster market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. While precise market size figures for 2025 are not provided, we can infer a substantial market value based on industry trends and the provided CAGR (let's assume a CAGR of 5% for illustrative purposes, a reasonable estimate given the growth in related industrial sectors). If we assume a 2025 market size of $500 million (a conservative estimate considering the breadth of applications), a 5% CAGR would project significant expansion throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). Key drivers include the rising need for durable and lightweight casters in logistics, manufacturing, and healthcare settings. The increasing adoption of automation in warehouses and factories also fuels demand. Furthermore, the trend towards enhanced ergonomics in workplaces necessitates the use of high-quality, easy-to-maneuver casters like PA casters. However, price fluctuations in raw materials and potential supply chain disruptions pose challenges to consistent market growth. Market segmentation reveals strong demand across various applications, including industrial, hospital, furniture, and logistics, with the industrial sector likely dominating due to high-volume applications. The diverse range of caster types (rigid, swivel, and world PA casters) cater to varied needs, further contributing to market expansion. Leading players, including Colson Group, Tente International, and Blickle, are actively investing in research and development to enhance product features and expand their market share. Geographical analysis suggests a substantial market presence across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific, with China and the United States potentially representing the largest regional markets. The growth trajectory is expected to remain positive, fueled by ongoing industrialization, e-commerce expansion, and the increasing adoption of advanced manufacturing techniques. Continued innovation in PA caster technology, focusing on improved load capacity, durability, and noise reduction, will likely drive further market penetration in existing and emerging sectors. The competition among established players and new entrants ensures a dynamic market landscape, fostering innovation and competitive pricing. This results in a favorable environment for both buyers and suppliers.

Objectives: To describe changes in adherence to recommendations for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep duration over the first two waves of the pandemic in Switzerland, and to assess the associations of these lifestyle behaviours with life satisfaction and overall health as well-being indicators.Methods: In this observational study, we included 2,534 participants (5–16 years) from four Swiss cantons. Participants, or their parents, completed repeated questionnaires and reported on their (child’s) lifestyle and well-being, between June 2020 and April 2021. We used linear and logistic regression models to assess the associations between lifestyle and well-being.Results: The percentage of children meeting the recommendations for PA and ST decreased from the pre-pandemic period to the first wave, with a slight recovery during the second wave. Participants meeting all three recommendations during the second wave were more likely to report excellent health (OR: 1.65 [95% CI: 1.00–2.76]) and higher life satisfaction (β: 0.46 [0.16–0.77]) in early 2021 than participants not meeting any recommendation.Conclusion: We showed a substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle, and a positive association between meeting lifestyle recommendations and well-being.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which first hit Italy in late February 2020, had a massive impact on life in the country. The measures adopted by the Italian government to control the contagion pushed many businesses to stop or radically scale down their activities. About a third of Italian workers started working from home. Many had to learn how to use new digital tools and the overall climate of uncertainty pushed workers to focus more on their skills. According to a survey conducted in April 2021, about ** percent of Italian workers declared that their digital skills had improved over the previous year, and another ** percent reported a positive development in their attitude towards job training. When taking into account only people working in the Public Administration industry, the percentage of respondents who enhanced their digital skills jumped to ** percent. On the other hand, only about ** percent of respondents working in manufacturing reported an improved attitude towards job training.

The global market for Pa-Runge Photoelectricity Direct Reading Spectrometers is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. While precise market size data for 2025 is unavailable, considering typical growth rates in analytical instrumentation markets and the provided CAGR (let's assume a CAGR of 7% for illustration purposes – this should be replaced with the actual CAGR if available), a reasonable estimate for the 2025 market size would be in the range of $250 million to $300 million (USD). This substantial value reflects the instrument's critical role in various applications, including materials analysis, quality control, and environmental monitoring. The market's expansion is fueled by several factors: rising industrial automation, stringent regulatory requirements for material purity, and increasing R&D spending in sectors such as automotive, aerospace, and electronics. The diverse application segments, including automotive, aerospace, industrial, electronics, and materials analysis, further contribute to this market's growth potential. Technological advancements leading to enhanced accuracy, portability, and ease of use are also driving adoption. Despite this positive outlook, certain factors may restrain market growth. These include the high initial investment cost associated with purchasing the spectrometer and the need for skilled personnel to operate and interpret the results. Furthermore, competition from alternative analytical techniques and regional economic fluctuations could influence the market's trajectory. However, ongoing innovation, particularly in areas such as miniaturization and improved data analysis software, is anticipated to mitigate these challenges and sustain market growth over the forecast period (2025-2033). Considering a 7% CAGR, the market is projected to reach a significant value by 2033, making it an attractive sector for both established players and new entrants. This growth is expected to be particularly strong in the Asia-Pacific region, driven by rapid industrialization and increasing investments in advanced technologies within developing economies.

The silicon-based power amplifier (PA) module market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for high-performance and energy-efficient wireless communication devices. This market is projected to reach a value of $5 billion in 2025, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors, including the proliferation of 5G and other advanced wireless technologies requiring high-power amplification, the miniaturization of electronic devices demanding smaller and more integrated PA modules, and the rising adoption of silicon-based PAs due to their cost-effectiveness and scalability compared to traditional gallium arsenide (GaAs) alternatives. The leading players in this dynamic market, including Skyworks, Qorvo, Broadcom, Qualcomm, Murata, Vanchip (Tianjin) Technology, Maxscend Microelectronics, and WARP Solution, are actively investing in research and development to enhance PA module performance, efficiency, and integration capabilities. This competitive landscape fosters innovation and drives down costs, further benefiting the market's overall growth trajectory. The market segmentation is primarily driven by application areas such as smartphones, base stations, and other wireless infrastructure. The geographical distribution shows strong growth across North America and Asia, fueled by high consumer electronics adoption and significant investments in 5G infrastructure. While supply chain constraints and the cost of advanced manufacturing technologies pose challenges, the long-term outlook for the silicon-based PA module market remains exceedingly positive. The continued miniaturization of electronic devices and the ever-increasing demand for faster data speeds will only serve to accelerate market expansion in the coming years. The market's trajectory indicates a substantial increase in value and volume by 2033, solidifying its position as a critical component in the global wireless communication ecosystem.