Note: data is continuously updated・ PG&E provides non-confidential, aggregated usage data that are available to the public and updated on a quarterly basis. These public datasets consist of monthly consumption aggregated by ZIP code and by customer segment: Residential, Commercial, Industrial and Agricultural. The public datasets must meet the standards for aggregating and anonymizing customer data pursuant to CPUC Decision 14-05-016, as follows: a minimum of 100 Residential customers; a minimum of 15 Non-Residential customers, with no single Non-Residential customer in each sector accounting for more than 15% of the total consumption. If the aggregation standard is not met, the consumption will be combined with a neighboring ZIP code until the aggregation requirements are met.

The Energy Consumption Online Monitoring System market is poised for significant expansion, driven by a growing global emphasis on energy efficiency, sustainability, and operational cost reduction across industries. Valued at an estimated USD 2,500 million in 2025, the market is projected to grow at a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% through 2033. This upward trajectory is primarily fueled by the increasing adoption of IoT and cloud-based solutions, which offer real-time data analytics, predictive maintenance, and optimized energy usage for businesses. The Oil and Gas, Electric Power, and Chemical Industries represent the largest application segments, actively investing in these systems to enhance safety, comply with stringent environmental regulations, and improve overall productivity. The surge in smart grid initiatives and the inherent need for granular energy data management further bolster market demand. The market is characterized by key trends such as the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) for advanced analytics, the proliferation of edge computing for localized data processing, and the growing demand for comprehensive, end-to-end energy management solutions. Restraints, such as the initial high cost of implementation and the need for specialized expertise, are being addressed through the development of more accessible, scalable, and user-friendly platforms. Leading companies like Schneider Electric, Siemens, and General Electric are at the forefront of innovation, offering sophisticated solutions that cater to diverse industrial needs. Geographically, North America and Europe currently lead in adoption due to established infrastructure and proactive environmental policies, while the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a high-growth market, driven by rapid industrialization and increasing energy consumption.

Discover the booming Energy Consumption Online Monitoring System (ECOMS) market. Explore its $15B valuation, 12% CAGR, key drivers, and leading players like Schneider Electric & Siemens. Learn about regional growth, market segmentation (IoT, Cloud), and future trends shaping this vital sector for 2025-2033.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (EN3)

FULL MEASURE NAME
Greenhouse gas emissions from primary sources

LAST UPDATED
December 2022

DESCRIPTION
Greenhouse gas emissions refer to carbon dioxide and other chemical compounds that contribute to global climate change. Vital Signs tracks greenhouse gas emissions linked to consumption from the three largest sources in the region: surface transportation, electricity consumption, and natural gas consumption. This measure helps track progress towards achieving regional greenhouse gas reduction targets, including the region's per-capita greenhouse gas target for surface transportation under Senate Bill 375. This dataset includes emissions estimates on the regional and county levels.

DATA SOURCE
US Energy Information Administration: Carbon Dioxide Emissions Coefficients - https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php
1990-2021

California Energy Commission: Retail Fuel Outlet Annual Reporting (Form CEC-A15) - https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/transportation-energy/california-retail-fuel-outlet-annual-reporting
2010-2021

California Energy Commission: Electricity Consumption by County - http://www.ecdms.energy.ca.gov/elecbycounty.aspx
1990-2021

California Energy Commission: Natural Gas Consumption by County - http://www.ecdms.energy.ca.gov/gasbycounty.aspx
1990-2021

California Department of Finance: Population and Housing Estimates, E-4 - http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/
1990-2021

CONTACT INFORMATION
vitalsigns.info@mtc.ca.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator)
Emissions in this dataset are reported in metric tons. For surface transportation, the dataset is based on a survey of fueling stations, the vast majority of which respond to the survey; the California Energy Commission (CEC) corrects for non-response bias by imputing the remaining share of fuel sales. Note that 2014 data was excluded to data abnormalities for several counties in the region; methodology improvements in 2012 affected estimated by +/- 5% according to CEC estimates. For years 2013 and 2014, a linear trendline assumption was used instead between 2012 and 2015 data points. Data from the CEC is limited to retail sales, therefore Vital Signs surface transportation emissions estimates are limited to GHG from retail fuel sales. Retail gasoline sales represent most of the gasoline consumed for surface transportation, but retail diesel sales are just a fraction of all diesel consumed for surface transportation. Greenhouse gas emissions are calculated based on the gallons of gasoline and diesel sales, relying upon standardized Energy Information Administration conversion rates for E10 fuel (gasoline with 10% ethanol) and standard diesel. Per-capita greenhouse gas emissions are calculated simply by dividing emissions attributable to fuel sold in that county by the total number of county residents; there may be a slight bias in the data given that a fraction of fuel sold in a given county may be purchased by non-residents. Future refinements to the Vital Signs methodology for monitoring GHG emissions from all surface transportation will seek to more closely align monitoring data with estimates from the California Air Resources Board's EMFAC model.

For electricity consumption, the dataset is based on electricity consumption data for the nine Bay Area counties; note that this is different than electricity production as the region imports electricity. Because such data is not disaggregated by utility provider, a simple assumption is made that electricity consumed has the greenhouse gas emissions intensity of Pacific Gas & Electric, the primary electricity provider in the Bay Area. For this reason, with the small but growing market share of low- and zero-GHG community choice aggregation (CCA) providers, the greenhouse gas emissions estimate in more recent years may be slightly overestimated. Per-capita greenhouse gas emissions are calculated simply by dividing emissions attributable to fuel sold in that county by the total number of county residents; data is disaggregated between residential and non-residential customers.

For natural gas consumption, the dataset is based on natural gas consumption data for the nine Bay Area counties; note that this is different than natural gas production as the region imports electricity. Certain types of liquefied natural gas shipped into the region or "makegas" produced at oil refineries during their production process may not be fully reflected in this data. Per-capita greenhouse gas emissions are calculated simply by dividing emissions attributable to fuel sold in that county by the total number of county residents; data is disaggregated between residential and non-residential customers.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Residential Energy Management market size will be USD XX million in 2025. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2025 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2025 and will grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2031. Europe accounted for a market share of over XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2025 and will grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2031. Asia Pacific held a market share of around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2025 and will grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2031. Latin America had a market share of more than XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2025 and will grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2031. Middle East and Africa had a market share of around XX% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD XX million in 2025 and will grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2031. KEY DRIVERS

Rising Energy Consumption and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) are driving the market growth

As energy consumption continues to rise globally, the residential sector plays a significant role in increasing demand for energy resources. According to the International Energy Outlook 2016, the residential sector is projected to account for about 13% of the total world energy consumption by 2040. (https://www.eia.gov/pressroom/presentations/sieminski_05112016.pdf) This growth is expected to be driven by both the rising standards of living in emerging economies and the ongoing energy needs of developed nations. In countries within the OECD, such as the U.S., energy use per household remains high due to the prevalence of heating, cooling, and large electronic devices. Meanwhile, in non-OECD nations, particularly in regions like China and India, urbanization and the increasing adoption of household technologies (such as air conditioning and home appliances) are pushing residential energy demands even higher. This rise in energy consumption is fueling the need for more efficient and intelligent systems to manage these growing demands, making residential energy management (REM) solutions essential for future sustainability. Moreover, AMI systems, which include smart meters and communication networks, allow consumers to track their energy usage down to the device level, giving them more control over how they consume power. As governments and utility companies around the world invest in smart grid technologies, the adoption of AMI continues to rise. For instance, Pacific Gas and Electric in California has made significant strides in implementing AMI, enabling its customers to gain detailed insights into their energy consumption patterns.( https://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/SupDoc/A2403011/7148/527440696.pdf) This shift toward real-time data and control is helping households reduce waste and improve energy efficiency, thereby accelerating the demand for Residential Energy Management Systems (REMS). As more consumers become interested in reducing energy costs, AMI is serving as a foundational technology that drives the adoption of REM solutions. Government regulations promoting energy efficiency and the use of sustainable energy sources further boost the growth of residential energy management. Policies that encourage the use of renewables, such as solar power, alongside smart home incentives, are increasing the market for REM solutions. Governments are also implementing stricter standards for energy-efficient appliances and building insulation, which push homeowners to adopt technologies that optimize energy usage. For instance, the European Union has set ambitious energy efficiency goals, aiming to reduce energy consumption by 32.5% by 2030,( https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficiency-targets-directive-and-rules/energy-efficiency-targets_en) which includes fostering the adoption of smart home technologies. At the same time, real-time energy conservation technologies like smart meters, IoT sensors, and AI-powered analytics are empowering consumers to monitor and optimize their energy consumption instantaneously. These systems allow users to track inefficiencies, adjust consumption during peak and off-peak hours, and synchronize their energy production from renewable sources with demand, ultimately saving on energy cos...

Discover the latest market analysis on the Fossil Fuel Energy sector, projecting a steady CAGR of 5.3% through 2033. Explore market drivers, restraints, regional breakdowns (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific), key players (American Electric Power, Huaneng Power International), and segment analysis (natural gas, coal, oil). Learn about the future of fossil fuels in a transitioning energy landscape.

The global natural gas-fired power generation market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing energy demand, particularly in developing economies, and a growing emphasis on cleaner energy sources compared to coal. The market's relatively low carbon emissions compared to other fossil fuels, coupled with its established infrastructure and readily available supply in many regions, makes it a preferred transitional energy source as nations strive to meet climate goals. Technological advancements, such as the development of more efficient gas turbines and combined cycle power plants, are further boosting market expansion. While renewable energy sources are gaining traction, natural gas power plants offer crucial grid stability and flexibility, serving as a reliable backup to intermittent renewable generation. This inherent flexibility is a significant factor driving market growth, especially as countries integrate higher proportions of solar and wind power. The market segmentation reveals a strong focus on both power generation types and end-use applications, reflecting diversified needs and market opportunities. Key players are strategically investing in capacity expansion and technological upgrades to maintain competitiveness. Geographic analysis indicates that North America and Asia-Pacific are leading regional markets, fueled by high energy consumption and supportive government policies. However, stricter environmental regulations in certain regions and the increasing competitiveness of renewable energy sources present challenges to market growth. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the natural gas-fired power generation market remains positive. The transition to cleaner energy sources is not instantaneous, and natural gas will continue to play a pivotal role as a bridge fuel in the coming decades. Furthermore, technological improvements are continually enhancing the efficiency and environmental performance of natural gas power plants, mitigating some of the environmental concerns. The ongoing investments in infrastructure development and the strategic partnerships between energy companies and governments are expected to propel market growth. The market's evolution will largely depend on the pace of renewable energy adoption, the effectiveness of carbon capture and storage technologies, and the overall regulatory environment surrounding greenhouse gas emissions. This makes long-term forecasting challenging but indicative of sustained market dynamism.

The global Energy Management System Architecture market is projected for substantial growth, estimated at a market size of approximately USD 45,000 million in 2025, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of around 8.5% anticipated through 2033. This robust expansion is primarily fueled by an escalating global demand for energy efficiency across diverse industries and a heightened awareness of environmental sustainability. Governments worldwide are implementing stringent regulations and offering incentives to encourage the adoption of smart energy solutions, further propelling market development. Key drivers include the increasing complexity of energy grids, the need for real-time monitoring and control of energy consumption, and the integration of renewable energy sources. The digital transformation sweeping across sectors is also a significant catalyst, with industries investing heavily in intelligent systems to optimize operational costs and reduce their carbon footprint. The market is segmented by application into crucial sectors such as Mechanical Engineering, Automotive, Aeronautics, Marine, Oil and Gas, Chemical Industry, Medical, and Electrical. The Automotive and Electrical sectors are expected to demonstrate particularly strong adoption rates due to the electrification of vehicles and the burgeoning demand for smart grids and intelligent building systems. In terms of system types, Plant Energy Management Systems and Demand Response Solutions are poised for significant market penetration. Plant Energy Management Systems are vital for optimizing industrial processes, while Demand Response Solutions are increasingly critical for grid stability and utility cost management. Geographically, Asia Pacific is expected to emerge as a dominant region, driven by rapid industrialization in countries like China and India and government initiatives focused on smart city development and energy conservation. North America and Europe also represent mature yet growing markets, with established infrastructure and a strong focus on technological innovation in energy management. Here is a unique report description on Energy Management System Architecture, incorporating the requested elements:

This in-depth report offers a panoramic view of the global Energy Management System (EMS) Architecture market, projecting a substantial market size of approximately USD 25,000 million by 2033. The study spans a comprehensive period, from the historical analysis of 2019-2024, through the base year of 2025, and extends to a robust forecast period of 2025-2033. With an estimated value of USD 15,000 million in 2025, the market is poised for significant expansion driven by critical industry developments and evolving technological landscapes.

Discover the booming Asia Pacific Load Break Switches market! This in-depth analysis reveals a CAGR of 5.95%, driven by infrastructure growth and renewable energy adoption. Explore market size, segmentation, key players (ABB, Schneider Electric, Siemens), and future trends through 2033. Recent developments include: November 2021, Chubu Electric Power planned to make strategic investments of JPY 1 trillion over the next-10 years in overseas and renewable energy. The company also raised a 2030 renewable energy capacity target in Japan to 3.2 gigawatts (GW) from its previous goal of 2 GW., March 2021: China's power crisis started with the Inner Mongolia imposition of power usage restrictions on a few heavy industries. In May 2021, authorities in Guangdong imposed curbs on electricity consumption in manufacturing facilities. Local governments in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Yunnan provinces also asked factories to halt production during peak power-consumption periods or shut operations entirely for a few days per week. For instance, factories, including soybean processing plants in Tianjin, were closed until further notice.. Key drivers for this market are: Deployment of Smart Grid Networks and Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into Energy Mix. Potential restraints include: Deployment of Smart Grid Networks and Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into Energy Mix. Notable trends are: Industrial and Commercial Segment Holds Major Share.

Duke Energy is the leading electric utility based on the amount of smart meters installed in the U.S. in 2019. The North Carolina-based company installed *** million smart meters that year. Ranking second, NextEra Energy installed roughly *** million smart meters at that time. Some of the subsidiaries of the Florida-based company includes Florida Power & Light (FPL), NextEra Energy Resources, and Gulf Power Company.

Smart metering in the United States – additional information

Smart meters have enabled the integration of new technologies and innovation in the electricity market. The collection of data enabled by smart meters, or automated metering infrastructure, allows for customers to be served based on their true consumption habits. There were some **** million advanced meters installed in the United States as of 2019. The use of smart meters by electric utilities has allowed companies to provide enhanced outage restoration and improved distribution monitoring, as well as new customer services. Some states in the country have enacted policies that allow customers to opt out of smart meter installations, yet, very few customers have requested to do so.

Pacific Gas & Electric, an investor-owned electric utility headquartered in San Francisco, generated some **** billion U.S. dollars in revenue from their electric operating segment in 2020. The company is considered one of the top smart meter companies in the United States and had over *** million smart meters installed around the country as of 2019.

The Asia-Pacific Combined Heat and Power (CHP) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing energy demands, stringent environmental regulations, and the pursuit of energy efficiency across diverse sectors. With a market size exceeding [Estimate based on available data and market trends. For example, if the 2025 value is missing and the CAGR is 5.9%, you can estimate it backwards from a reasonable 2033 projection based on similar markets. Provide a clear justification in a footnote]. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 5.9% from 2019 to 2024 indicates a sustained upward trajectory projected to continue through 2033. Key drivers include government initiatives promoting renewable energy integration within CHP systems, rising industrialization, particularly in China and India, fueling demand for reliable and cost-effective energy solutions. Furthermore, the shift towards decentralized energy generation, driven by concerns over grid stability and resilience, is significantly boosting the adoption of CHP technologies. While the market faces challenges such as high initial investment costs and technological complexities, ongoing technological advancements and supportive government policies are mitigating these constraints, ensuring the continued expansion of the CHP market in the Asia-Pacific region. The market segmentation reveals significant opportunities across various applications. The utilities sector dominates, followed by commercial and industrial segments, reflecting the diverse energy requirements of these sectors. Natural gas currently holds the largest share of the fuel type segment, but there's growing interest in diverse renewable sources like biomass, reflecting a broader sustainability push. Geographically, China, Japan, and India constitute the major markets, driven by their substantial energy consumption and robust industrial growth. However, the "Rest of Asia-Pacific" segment also presents significant untapped potential, with emerging economies driving future expansion. Leading players like General Electric, Siemens Energy, and Mitsubishi Electric are actively shaping the market landscape through technological innovation and strategic partnerships, further fueling the expansion of this dynamic sector. Recent developments include: In February 2021, General Electric commissioned the Junliangcheng combined heat and power (CHP) plant that covers the electricity and district heating needs of over 100,000 citizens in Tianjin, China's third-largest city., In February 2021, Siemens Energy signed an agreement with the Guangdong Energy Group to provide F-class gas turbine island equipment for the Zhaoqing Dinghu Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation project in Dinghu District, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province (China). The CHP plant is rated at 2460MW and includes two SGT5-4000F gas turbines, two steam turbines, four generators, two SPPA-T3000 control systems, and related auxiliary equipment.. Notable trends are: Biomass-based Combined Heat and Power to Witness Significant Growth.

The global electric power washer market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing consumer demand for efficient and eco-friendly cleaning solutions. The rising adoption of electric power washers in both residential and commercial sectors is a key factor contributing to this expansion. Residential users are increasingly drawn to the ease of use, reduced noise pollution, and lower maintenance compared to gas-powered alternatives. Simultaneously, commercial applications, such as automotive detailing, industrial cleaning, and building maintenance, are experiencing a surge in electric power washer adoption due to stricter environmental regulations and a focus on sustainable practices. Technological advancements, such as improved motor efficiency, enhanced cleaning performance, and the incorporation of smart features, are further fueling market expansion. While the initial cost of electric power washers might be slightly higher than their gas-powered counterparts, the long-term cost savings in terms of reduced maintenance and energy consumption are making them an attractive proposition for a wide range of consumers and businesses. Key players like Simpson, Generac, Kärcher, and Snow Joe are driving innovation and expanding their product portfolios to cater to diverse market needs, further consolidating the market's growth trajectory. Geographic distribution shows strong performance in North America and Europe, fueled by high disposable incomes and established infrastructure. However, developing regions in Asia-Pacific are projected to demonstrate significant growth potential in the coming years due to rising urbanization and increasing awareness of hygiene standards. The market segmentation by type (e.g., cold water, hot water) and application (e.g., residential, commercial) provides opportunities for specialized product development and targeted marketing strategies. The forecast period of 2025-2033 indicates sustained growth, although the CAGR will likely moderate slightly compared to the historical period due to market saturation in some regions. Nevertheless, the overall market outlook remains positive, with continuous innovation and expanding application segments expected to drive further market penetration. The market will likely face challenges from competition from established players and the emergence of new entrants, alongside potential price fluctuations in raw materials. However, the sustained focus on sustainability and the increasing preference for user-friendly, efficient cleaning technologies suggest that the electric power washer market is well-positioned for long-term success. Continuous research and development in battery technology, water efficiency, and cleaning performance will play a crucial role in shaping the future landscape of this dynamic market.

The global Gas High Voltage Circuit Breakers market is poised for robust expansion, projected to reach an estimated USD 491 million in 2025. Driven by the escalating demand for reliable and efficient electricity transmission and distribution, the market is anticipated to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.1% through the forecast period of 2025-2033. This sustained growth is underpinned by crucial market drivers, including the ongoing modernization of aging grid infrastructure, the increasing integration of renewable energy sources that necessitate advanced grid management solutions, and the continuous expansion of industrial and commercial sectors globally. The need for enhanced grid stability and safety in the face of growing energy consumption and complex power networks makes high-voltage circuit breakers an indispensable component of the power sector. Further analysis reveals that the market's trajectory will be shaped by evolving technological advancements and strategic investments. Key trends include the development of more compact and environmentally friendly circuit breaker technologies, such as those utilizing SF6 alternatives, and the increasing adoption of digital substations and smart grid initiatives that demand sophisticated circuit protection. While the market benefits from strong demand across residential, commercial, and industrial applications, and across single, two, and four interrupter types, potential restraints such as stringent environmental regulations concerning SF6 gas and the high initial cost of advanced solutions could pose challenges. However, ongoing research and development, coupled with a focus on lifecycle cost optimization and sustainability, are expected to mitigate these concerns and propel the market forward, with significant opportunities anticipated in regions undergoing rapid industrialization and infrastructure development.