This statistic illustrates the distribution of the Pakistani population as of the 2017 census, by language. During the surveyed time period, the number of Punjabi speakers in Pakistan was around **** million.

Explore the dataset detailing the remaining Afghan refugee population in Pakistan as of December 31, 2020. This comprehensive dataset includes a summary of the refugee population, district-wise distribution, and breakdowns by ethnicity and gender. A valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and humanitarian organizations seeking insights into the demographic composition and distribution of Afghan refugees in Pakistan.

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facilitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system. The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems. Detailed metadata will be found in ipumsi_6.3_pk_1998_ddic.html within the Data Package. The related metadata describes the content of the extraction of the specified sample from the IPUMS International on-line extraction system.

In 2022, the highest and lowest rates of economic inactivity were in the combined Pakistani and Bangladeshi (33%) and white 'other’ (15%) ethnic groups.

Between April 2008 and March 2024, households from the Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic groups were the most likely to live in low income out of all ethnic groups, before and after housing costs.

In 2011, 87.2 percent of the total population of the United Kingdom were white British. A positive net migration in recent years combined with the resultant international relationships following the wide-reaching former British Empire has contributed to an increasingly diverse population.

Varied ethnic backgrounds

Black British citizens, with African and/or African-Caribbean ancestry, are the largest ethnic minority population, at three percent of the total population. Indian Britons are one of the largest overseas communities of the Indian diaspora and make up 2.3 percent of the total UK population. Pakistani British citizens, who make up almost two percent of the UK population, have one of the highest levels of home ownership in Britain.

Racism in the United Kingdom

Though it has decreased in comparison to the previous century, the UK has seen an increase in racial prejudice during the first decade and a half of this century. Racism and discrimination continues to be part of daily life for Britain’s ethnic minorities, especially in terms of work, housing, and health issues. Moreover, the number of hate crimes motivated by race reported since 2012 has increased, and in 2017/18, there were 3,368 recorded offenses of racially or religiously aggravated assault with injury, almost a thousand more than in 2013/14.

39.8% of workers from the Indian ethnic group were in 'professional' jobs in 2021 – the highest percentage out of all ethnic groups in this role.

Aim: The aim of this study was to systematically describe the gender and ethnic differences regarding the prevalence of general/central obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia among the indigenous and immigrant Pakistani communities. Methods: The search engine used was PubMed, supplemented with regional data from the Medical Institutes of Pakistan. The focus was on the adult Pakistani population (18 years and older). Results: We found only 7 studies among the immigrant Pakistani community and 24 studies among the indigenous Pakistani community. The studies had limitations such as low participation rates and use of self-reported data. There is a higher prevalence of central obesity among women (42.2%) than among men (14.7%) (National Health Survey of Pakistan). Certain ethnicities such as Muhajir and Baluchis showed a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors when compared to other ethnicities in the indigenous Pakistani population. The results also indicate that the prevalence of obesity is 10-20% higher among the immigrant Pakistanis than in the indigenous Pakistanis. Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of obesity and associated CVD risk factors (especially in women) among both indigenous and immigrant Pakistani populations require the attention of the healthcare professionals and policy makers, both inside and outside Pakistan.

In the combined Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic group in 2021, 16.2% of workers were self-employed, which is the highest percentage out of all ethnic groups.

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In the 3 years to March 2021, white British families were the most likely to receive a type of state support.

Every year between 2013 and 2021, employees from the combined Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic group had the lowest average hourly pay out of all ethnic groups.

We investigated the forensic efficacy of the 30 insertion/deletion (Indel) markers included in the Qiagen Investigator® DIPplex kit in 529 Pakistani individuals from five major subpopulations in Pakistan (Punjabi, Pashtun, Sindhi, Saraiki, and Baloch). In the Sindhi population, the distribution of HLD81 and HLD97 alleles deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. The combined match probability ranged from 2.0E-12 (Pashtun and Baloch) to 1.0E-12 (Sindhi), and the mean paternity exclusion power varied from 0.995 (Punjabi, Sindhi, and Saraiki) to 0.996 (Pashtun and Baloch). The high combined power of discrimination (0.999 999 999 999 97) and low combined match probability (1.7E-12) for all subpopulations studied support the utility of the 30 Indel markers for forensic identification in the studied subpopulations. The allele frequencies of the Indel markers in the Pakistani subpopulations were compared with those from 18 other populations. The results show that the populations clustered according to geography. The subpopulations investigated in this work showed a close genetic relationship with others from Pakistan, as well as with South Central Asian and Middle Eastern populations. The results suggest that the Investigator® DIPplex kit can be useful as a supplementary tool for human identification in the five Pakistani subpopulations investigated in this study. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1933366 .

As of the first quarter of 2025, the unemployment rate for people of white ethnicity in the United Kingdom was 3.7 percent, the lowest of the provided ethnic groups in this quarter. By contrast, the unemployment rate for people in the Pakistani ethnic group was 13.1 percent.

70% of White British households owned their own homes – the highest percentage out of all ethnic groups.

Microcephaly (MCPH) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by non-progressive intellectual disability, small head circumference, and small brain size compared with the age- and sex-matched population. MCPH manifests as an isolated condition or part of another clinical syndrome; so far, 25 genes have been linked with MCPH. Many of these genes are reported in Pakistani population, but due to a high rate of consanguinity, a significant proportion of MCPH cohort is yet to be explored. MCPH5 is the most frequently reported type, accounting for up to 68.75% alone in a genetically constrained population like Pakistan. In the current study, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on probands from 10 families sampled from South Waziristan and two families from rural areas of the Pakistani Punjab. Candidate variants were validated through Sanger sequencing in all available family members. Variant filtering and in silico analysis identified three known mutations in ASPM, a MCPH5-associated gene. The founder mutation p.Trp1326* was segregating in 10 families, which further confirmed the evidence that it is the most prominent mutation in Pashtun ethnicity living in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Furthermore, the previously known mutations p.Arg3244* and p.Arg1019* were inherited in two families with Punjab ethnic profile. Collectively, this study added 12 more families to the mutational paradigm of ASPM and expanded the Pakistani MCPH cohort.

In 2025, roughly *** thousand doctors were registered in the United Kingdom (UK). Of these, around *** thousand were white, while the largest ethnicity of UK doctors other than white was Asian or Asian British. Some *** thousand doctors reported so. This is unsurprising considering the most common foreign country of medical qualification is India, followed by Pakistan. As of 2024, there were more doctors of ethnic minorities than white doctors in the UK.

In the 3 years to March 2021, black households were most likely out of all ethnic groups to have a weekly income of under £600.

According to a survey carried out in Spain in 2020, Maghrebis experienced the most discrimination due to their religion or clothing (such as the veil), with 56 percent. In the same year, 45 percent of people of Indo-Pakistani origin also reported being victim of religious discrimination.

In 2020/21 there were approximately 696,000 Polish nationals living in the United Kingdom, the highest non-British population at this time. Indian and Irish were the joint second-largest nationalities at approximately 370,000 people.