The benchmark interest rate in Pakistan was last recorded at 11 percent. This dataset provides - Pakistan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Economic welfare is essential in the modern economy since it directly reflects the standard of living, distribution of resources, and general social satisfaction, which influences individual and social well-being. This study aims to explore the relationship between national income accounting different attributes and the economic welfare in Pakistan. However, this study used data from 1950 to 2022, and data was downloaded from the World Bank data portal. Regression analysis is used to investigate the relationship between them and is very effective in measuring the relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables. Moreover, generalized methods of movement (GMM) are used as the robustness of the regression. Our results show that foreign direct investment outflow, Gross domestic product growth rate, GDP per capita, higher Interest, market capitalization, and population growth have a significant negative on the unemployment rate, indicating the rise in these factors leads to a decrease in the employment rate in Pakistan. Trade and savings have a significant positive impact on the unemployment rate, indicating the rise in these factors leads to an increase in the unemployment rate for various reasons. Moreover, all the factors of national income accounting have a significant positive relationship with life expectancy, indicating that an increase in these factors leads to an increase in economic welfare and life expectancy due to better health facilities, many resources, and correct economic policies. However, foreign direct investment, inflation rate, lending interest rate, and population growth have significant positive effects on age dependency, indicating these factors increase the age dependency. Moreover, GDP growth and GDP per capita negatively impact age dependency. Similarly, all the national income accounting factors have a significant negative relationship with legal rights that leads to decreased legal rights. Moreover, due to better health facilities and health planning, there is a negative significant relationship between national income accounting attributes and motility rate among children. Our study advocated the implications for the policymakers and the government to make policies for the welfare and increase the social factors.

Key information about Pakistan Long Term Interest Rate

• Pakistan Long Term Interest Rate: Month End: Pakistan: Government Bond Yield: 10 Years was reported at 11.50 % pa in Nov 2025, compared with 11.50 % pa in the previous month.
• Pakistan Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Mar 2015 to Nov 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 862.20 % pa in Dec 2015 and a record low of 0.00 % pa in Dec 2021.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by CEIC Data.

• In the latest reports, Pakistan Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: Pakistan: Interbank Rate: Karachi Average: 3 Months was reported at 11.17 % pa in Oct 2025.
• The cash rate (State Bank of Pakistan: Reverse Repo Rate) was set at 12.00 % pa in Nov 2025.
• Pakistan Exchange Rate against USD averaged 281.27 (USD/PKR) in Oct 2025.

Key information about Pakistan Policy Rate

• Pakistan cash rate (State Bank of Pakistan: Reverse Repo Rate) was set at 13.00 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 13.00 % pa in the previous Jan 2025.
• Pakistan Policy Rate averaged 12.00 % pa and is updated monthly, available from Feb 1992 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 23.00 % pa in May 2024 and a record low of 6.25 % pa in Dec 2017.

• In the latest reports, Pakistan Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: Pakistan: Interbank Rate: Karachi Average: 3 Months was reported at 22.91 % pa in Jun 2023.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month End: Pakistan: Government Bond Yield: 10 Years) was reported at 11.00 % pa in Jun 2023.
• Pakistan Exchange Rate against USD averaged 286.58 (USD/PKR) in Jun 2023.
• Its Real Effective Exchange Rate was 103.70 in Dec 2024.

The deposit interest rate in Pakistan amounted to **** percent in 2021. Between 2004 and 2021, the deposit interest rate rose by **** percentage points, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend.

The 'Interest Rate Decision' in Pakistan is a monetary policy event where the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) sets the benchmark interest rate, which influences borrowing costs, inflation, and economic growth.-2025-12-15

In 2018, the estimated average inflation rate in Pakistan amounted to about 3.93 percent compared to the previous year, a slight drop from 2017, but an ever sharper one compared to four years earlier. Over the next few years, forecasts estimate it to level off at around 6.5 percent. Pakistan‘s more or less fragile economy Pakistan is one of the most populous countries in the worldwith a large Muslim population and a rather low urbanization rate, which means that the majority of Pakistanis live in rural areas. However, the majority of the country's GDP is generated by the services sector, which also employs most of the workforce. As of now, Pakistan’s economic growth seems stable, but that wasn’t always the case. Stable growth ahead? Like many others, Pakistan’s economy suffered during the 2009 financial crisis, and while it has recovered today, inflation was still over 10 percent in 2012. GDP slumped during that time as well, but now, ten years later, it has almost tripled and seems to be on an upward trend. Although its GDP generation now mainly relies on services, Pakistan still exports agricultural goods like cotton. However, the country still struggles with an increasing trade deficit and thus rising national debt – two factors that could hinder economic growth in the future.

Pakistan PK: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data was reported at 3.038 % pa in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.840 % pa for 2014. Pakistan PK: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.233 % pa from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2015, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.768 % pa in 2004 and a record low of 1.304 % pa in 2011. Pakistan PK: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Risk premium on lending is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to private sector customers minus the 'risk free' treasury bill interest rate at which short-term government securities are issued or traded in the market. In some countries this spread may be negative, indicating that the market considers its best corporate clients to be lower risk than the government. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics database.; ;

Pakistan Interest Rates: Compared to Nxt 6 Mos: Positive data was reported at 5.430 % in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.290 % for May 2018. Pakistan Interest Rates: Compared to Nxt 6 Mos: Positive data is updated monthly, averaging 6.940 % from Jan 2012 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.690 % in Mar 2016 and a record low of 3.010 % in Mar 2012. Pakistan Interest Rates: Compared to Nxt 6 Mos: Positive data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by State Bank of Pakistan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.H003: Consumer Confidence Survey.

The 'Interest Rate Decision' in Pakistan is a monetary policy event where the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) sets the benchmark interest rate, which influences borrowing costs, inflation, and economic growth.-2025-07-30

Inflation Rate in Pakistan decreased to 6.10 percent in November from 6.20 percent in October of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Pakistan Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Economic welfare is essential in the modern economy since it directly reflects the standard of living, distribution of resources, and general social satisfaction, which influences individual and social well-being. This study aims to explore the relationship between national income accounting different attributes and the economic welfare in Pakistan. However, this study used data from 1950 to 2022, and data was downloaded from the World Bank data portal. Regression analysis is used to investigate the relationship between them and is very effective in measuring the relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables. Moreover, generalized methods of movement (GMM) are used as the robustness of the regression. Our results show that foreign direct investment outflow, Gross domestic product growth rate, GDP per capita, higher Interest, market capitalization, and population growth have a significant negative on the unemployment rate, indicating the rise in these factors leads to a decrease in the employment rate in Pakistan. Trade and savings have a significant positive impact on the unemployment rate, indicating the rise in these factors leads to an increase in the unemployment rate for various reasons. Moreover, all the factors of national income accounting have a significant positive relationship with life expectancy, indicating that an increase in these factors leads to an increase in economic welfare and life expectancy due to better health facilities, many resources, and correct economic policies. However, foreign direct investment, inflation rate, lending interest rate, and population growth have significant positive effects on age dependency, indicating these factors increase the age dependency. Moreover, GDP growth and GDP per capita negatively impact age dependency. Similarly, all the national income accounting factors have a significant negative relationship with legal rights that leads to decreased legal rights. Moreover, due to better health facilities and health planning, there is a negative significant relationship between national income accounting attributes and motility rate among children. Our study advocated the implications for the policymakers and the government to make policies for the welfare and increase the social factors.

Pakistan PK: External Debt: Average Interest on New External Debt Commitments data was reported at 4.813 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.864 % for 2016. Pakistan PK: External Debt: Average Interest on New External Debt Commitments data is updated yearly, averaging 3.964 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.546 % in 1981 and a record low of 1.063 % in 2011. Pakistan PK: External Debt: Average Interest on New External Debt Commitments data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Terms and Undisbursed Debt. Interest represents the average interest rate on all new public and publicly guaranteed loans contracted during the year. To obtain the average, the interest rates for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. Public debt is an external obligation of a public debtor, including the national government, a political subdivision (or an agency of either), and autonomous public bodies. Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Weighted average;

The 'Interest Rate Decision' in Pakistan is a monetary policy event where the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) sets the benchmark interest rate, which influences borrowing costs, inflation, and economic growth.-2025-06-16

Pakistan PK: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Variable Rate data was reported at 17.505 USD bn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.101 USD bn for 2015. Pakistan PK: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Variable Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 5.243 USD bn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.505 USD bn in 2016 and a record low of 5.000 USD mn in 1970. Pakistan PK: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Variable Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.World Bank: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service. Variable interest rate is long-term external debt with interest rates that float with movements in a key market rate; for example, the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) or the U.S. prime rate. This item conveys information about the borrower's exposure to changes in international interest rates. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

📂 Dataset Overview - Rows (Entries): 110 - Columns (Features): 6

Columns Description 1. Date - Format: MMM-YYYY (e.g., Jul-2025) - Monthly observations 1. Inflation_YoY (Year-on-Year Inflation %) - Inflation rate in percentage (YoY basis) - Range: 0.3% – 38% - Average: 11.6% - Can be treated as the dependent variable

1. Oil_Price_USD_Barrel
2. Global crude oil price (USD per barrel)
3. Range: 15.18 – 113.77

4. Average: 62.75

5. Exchange_Rate_PKR_USD

• Pakistani Rupee per US Dollar exchange rate
• Range: 104.6 – 304.8
• Average: 185.0

1. Interest_Rate

• State Bank of Pakistan policy rate (%)
• Range: 6.8% – 21.46%
• Average: 11.8%

1. Money_Supply_M2_Billion
2. Broad Money Supply (M2) in billion PKR
3. Range: 12,486 – 41,786
4. Average: 23,124

📊 Statistical Insights

Inflation Trends: High volatility observed between 2019–2023 (peaking at 38%), while in 2025 inflation dropped to ~3–4%.

Oil Price Relation: Fluctuations in crude oil prices appear linked with inflation movements.

Exchange Rate Impact: The depreciation of PKR from ~104 to 300+ significantly impacted inflation and interest rates.

Interest Rate Policy: Mostly ranged between 7–15%, but spiked to ~21% during currency crisis.

Money Supply Growth: Broad money consistently increased, adding long-term inflationary pressure.

📈**Possible Analyses for Kaggle**

1. Trend Analysis

2. Monthly inflation, oil price, exchange rate visualization.

3. Correlation Study

4. Inflation vs Oil Prices

5. Inflation vs Exchange Rate

6. Inflation vs Interest Rate

7. Forecasting Models

8. Time-Series forecasting (ARIMA, Prophet)

9. Regression models using oil prices, exchange rate, and money supply as predictors

10. Economic Insights

• Impact of global oil shocks on Pakistan’s inflation
• Role of monetary policy in inflation control
• Currency depreciation vs domestic inflation

Economic welfare is essential in the modern economy since it directly reflects the standard of living, distribution of resources, and general social satisfaction, which influences individual and social well-being. This study aims to explore the relationship between national income accounting different attributes and the economic welfare in Pakistan. However, this study used data from 1950 to 2022, and data was downloaded from the World Bank data portal. Regression analysis is used to investigate the relationship between them and is very effective in measuring the relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables. Moreover, generalized methods of movement (GMM) are used as the robustness of the regression. Our results show that foreign direct investment outflow, Gross domestic product growth rate, GDP per capita, higher Interest, market capitalization, and population growth have a significant negative on the unemployment rate, indicating the rise in these factors leads to a decrease in the employment rate in Pakistan. Trade and savings have a significant positive impact on the unemployment rate, indicating the rise in these factors leads to an increase in the unemployment rate for various reasons. Moreover, all the factors of national income accounting have a significant positive relationship with life expectancy, indicating that an increase in these factors leads to an increase in economic welfare and life expectancy due to better health facilities, many resources, and correct economic policies. However, foreign direct investment, inflation rate, lending interest rate, and population growth have significant positive effects on age dependency, indicating these factors increase the age dependency. Moreover, GDP growth and GDP per capita negatively impact age dependency. Similarly, all the national income accounting factors have a significant negative relationship with legal rights that leads to decreased legal rights. Moreover, due to better health facilities and health planning, there is a negative significant relationship between national income accounting attributes and motility rate among children. Our study advocated the implications for the policymakers and the government to make policies for the welfare and increase the social factors.

Pakistan PK: External Debt: Average Interest on New External Debt Commitments: Private data was reported at 6.383 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.315 % for 2016. Pakistan PK: External Debt: Average Interest on New External Debt Commitments: Private data is updated yearly, averaging 6.738 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.574 % in 1981 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2012. Pakistan PK: External Debt: Average Interest on New External Debt Commitments: Private data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Terms and Undisbursed Debt. Interest represents the average interest rate on all new public and publicly guaranteed loans contracted during the year. To obtain the average, the interest rates for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Weighted average;

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of risk and competition on the profitability of the Pakistani banking industry. Data are retrieved from the annual statements of banks, the Ministry of finance Pakistan and the World Bank covering the period of (2007–2017). Two steps Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) with the collapse command is used as an estimation technique to overcome endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity and autocorrelation problems. The results of the study showed that the liquidity risk has positive while credit risk, insolvency risk and competition hurt negatively the profitability of Pakistani banks. The results of the study also revealed that capitalization, size, taxation and GDP growth rate positively affect the Banks’ profits while banking sector development and infrastructure negatively affect banking profitability in Pakistan. The operational cost management positively affects net interest margins but negatively affects ROA and PBT in the Pakistani banking industry.

The 'Interest Rate Decision' in Pakistan is a monetary policy event where the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) sets the benchmark interest rate, which influences borrowing costs, inflation, and economic growth.-2025-03-10