La Rioja was the Spanish region where the pandemic impact on real estate prices was higher compared to the previous year, with a decrease of almost 16% in the last quarter of 2020. The only place in Spain where there was an increase in comparison with the pre-pandemic data was in the autonomous city of Melilla.

Residential real estate transactions saw both a decline as well as an increase during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, depending on the country. In Denmark, for example, property sales increased by over ***** percent year-on-year in the second quarter of 2020. This was in stark contrast to the United Kingdom, where provisional and non-seasonal data suggested the country saw one of its largest drops in housing transactions since 2009. Some countries, on the other hand, already witnessed a decrease in their transactions before COVID-19 hit Europe. The housing trade inFrance, for example, suffered a large decrease in the first quarter of 2020, right before quarantine measures were enforced. Data for Germany, on the other hand, suggested that its housing market was still growing before the lockdown. Whether this was still the case in 2020 remains to be seen.

Dataset Overview

This dataset provides historical housing price indices for the United States, covering a span of 20 years from January 2000 onwards. The data includes housing price trends at the national level, as well as for major metropolitan areas such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, and more. It is ideal for understanding how housing prices have evolved over time and exploring regional differences in the housing market.

Why This Dataset?

The U.S. housing market has experienced significant shifts over the last two decades, influenced by economic booms, recessions, and post-pandemic recovery. This dataset allows data enthusiasts, economists, and real estate professionals to analyze long-term trends, make forecasts, and derive insights into regional housing markets.

What’s Included?

Time Period: January 2000 to the latest available data (specific end date depends on the dataset). Frequency: Monthly data. Regions Covered: 20+ U.S. cities, states, and aggregates.

Columns Description

Each column represents the housing price index for a specific region or aggregate, starting with a date column:

Date: Represents the date of the housing price index measurement, recorded with a monthly frequency. U.S. National: The national-level housing price index for the United States. 20-City Composite: The aggregate housing price index for the top 20 metropolitan areas in the U.S. CA-San Francisco: The housing price index for San Francisco, California. CA-Los Angeles: The housing price index for Los Angeles, California. WA-Seattle: The housing price index for Seattle, Washington. NY-New York: The housing price index for New York City, New York. Additional Columns: The dataset includes more columns with housing price indices for various U.S. cities, which can be viewed in the full dataset preview.

Potential Use Cases

Time-Series Analysis: Investigate long-term trends and patterns in housing prices. Forecasting: Build predictive models to forecast future housing prices using historical data. Regional Comparisons: Analyze how housing prices have grown in different cities over time. Economic Insights: Correlate housing prices with economic factors like interest rates, GDP, and inflation.

Who Can Use This Dataset?

This dataset is perfect for:

Data scientists and machine learning practitioners looking to build forecasting models. Economists and policymakers analyzing housing market dynamics. Real estate investors and analysts studying regional trends in housing prices.

Example Questions to Explore

Which cities have experienced the highest housing price growth over the last 20 years? How do housing price trends in coastal cities (e.g., Los Angeles, Miami) compare to midwestern cities (e.g., Chicago, Detroit)? Can we predict future housing prices using time-series models like ARIMA or Prophet?

In a September 2020 survey among adults in the United States, many respondents said that the COVID-19 pandemic did not change their interest in buying a home. Millennials were most likely to have changed their homeownership plans: ** percent of Millennials were more interested in buying a home due to the COVID-19 pandemic compared with **** percent of Baby Boomers.In the United States, the 2020 homeownership rate reached **** percent.

Graph and download economic data for Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States (MSPUS) from Q1 1963 to Q2 2025 about sales, median, housing, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Average Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States (ASPUS) from Q1 1963 to Q2 2025 about sales, housing, and USA.

Portugal, Canada, and the United States were the countries with the highest house price to income ratio in 2024. In all three countries, the index exceeded 130 index points, while the average for all OECD countries stood at 116.2 index points. The index measures the development of housing affordability and is calculated by dividing nominal house price by nominal disposable income per head, with 2015 set as a base year when the index amounted to 100. An index value of 120, for example, would mean that house price growth has outpaced income growth by 20 percent since 2015. How have house prices worldwide changed since the COVID-19 pandemic? House prices started to rise gradually after the global financial crisis (2007–2008), but this trend accelerated with the pandemic. The countries with advanced economies, which usually have mature housing markets, experienced stronger growth than countries with emerging economies. Real house price growth (accounting for inflation) peaked in 2022 and has since lost some of the gain. Although, many countries experienced a decline in house prices, the global house price index shows that property prices in 2023 were still substantially higher than before COVID-19. Renting vs. buying In the past, house prices have grown faster than rents. However, the home affordability has been declining notably, with a direct impact on rental prices. As people struggle to buy a property of their own, they often turn to rental accommodation. This has resulted in a growing demand for rental apartments and soaring rental prices.

Library of Wroclaw University of Science and Technology scientific output (DONA database)

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Real Estate Sector market size will be USD 3625.5 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.50% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1450.20 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.7% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1087.65 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 833.87 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 181.28 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.9% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 72.51 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% from 2024 to 2031.
The Commercial real estate is the fastest-growing segment, driven by economic development, urbanization, and a shift toward modern, multi-use spaces

Market Dynamics of Real Estate Sector Market

Key Drivers Real Estate Sector Market

Urbanization and Population Growth Fueling Demand: The increase in urban migration is driving the need for residential, commercial, and industrial properties. The development of megacities, improved infrastructure, and rising disposable incomes are contributing to the growth of the real estate sector. For instance, the Reserve Bank of India’s low interest rates in 2021 significantly boosted housing demand by 35–40% during the festive period.

Economic Growth and Rising Incomes Facilitating Market Expansion: A robust economy and increasing income levels are allowing for more substantial investments in real estate. The development of infrastructure, enhanced investor confidence, and capital inflows are further driving demand across the residential, commercial, and industrial property sectors.

Key Restraint Real Estate Sector Market

High Construction Costs Impeding Market Growth: The escalating costs of raw materials and labor shortages are raising project expenses and causing delays. Global supply chain disruptions and inflation are also impacting profit margins and making housing less affordable, which in turn is hindering real estate activity.

Key Trends for Real Estate Sector Market

Smart Cities and Sustainable Infrastructure Development: Governments and developers are focusing on smart city initiatives that include green buildings, energy-efficient designs, and technology-integrated infrastructure, thereby improving livability and long-term value in urban real estate markets.

Increasing Demand for Mixed-Use Developments: There is a growing consumer preference for integrated spaces that combine residential, retail, and office units. This trend is transforming urban planning and generating demand for multi-functional real estate projects that cater to convenience and contemporary lifestyles.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Real Estate Sector Market

Covid-19 pandemic significantly impacted the real estate sector, leading to shifts in both demand and operational dynamics. During the early phases of the pandemic, lockdowns and economic uncertainties caused a slowdown in construction activities, delays in project completions, and a decline in property transactions. The residential market experienced a surge in demand for larger homes and properties in suburban areas as people sought more space due to remote work trends. On the other hand, the commercial real estate market, especially office spaces, faced challenges with businesses adopting remote work models, resulting in a reduced demand for office buildings. Introduction of the Real Estate Sector Market

The real estate sector encompasses the development, buying, selling, leasing, and management of land, residential, commercial, and industrial properties. It is a dynamic market driven by a complex mix of factors, including economic conditions, urbanization, demographic shifts, and government policies. Market growth in the real estate sector is primarily influenced by factors such as population growth, increasing urbaniza...

According to Cognitive Market Research, The Global Ready to Move in Luxury Homes Market size is USD 600.5 billion in 2023 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.0% from 2023 to 2030.

Remote work fueled demand for Ready to Move-in Luxury Homes, emphasizing dedicated offices and advanced amenities, creating synergy with the evolving work landscape.
The dominant category in the Ready to Move-in Luxury Homes market is the 1000-3000 square feet segment.
In the ready to move-in luxury homes market, luxury homes dominate.
North America will continue to lead, whereas the Europe Ready to Move in Luxury Homes Market will experience the strongest growth until 2030.

Market Dynamics of the Ready-to-Move-in Luxury Home Market

Remote Work and Low-Interest Rates Drive Surge in Demand for Ready-to-Move-in Luxury Home 

The advent of widespread remote work became a driving force for the ready-to-move-in luxury homes market. As companies embraced flexible work arrangements, professionals sought residences that catered to remote work needs. The cause-and-effect relationship unfolded as the demand for homes with dedicated office spaces, high-speed internet, and enhanced amenities surged. The market responded by prioritizing features conducive to remote work, such as spacious home offices and advanced technology infrastructure, creating a symbiotic relationship between the evolving work landscape and the flourishing luxury real estate sector.

Historic Low-Interest Rates Propel Demand for Ready to Move-in Luxury Homes

The ready to move-in luxury homes market experienced a boost driven by historically low-interest rates. As central banks implemented measures to stimulate economies amidst the pandemic, mortgage rates reached unprecedented lows. This led to increased buyer confidence and heightened affordability, catalyzing demand in the luxury real estate sector. The cause-and-effect relationship materialized as favorable financing conditions encouraged prospective buyers to invest in ready-to-move-in luxury homes, fostering a climate of increased transactions and market activity. Low-interest rates emerged as a pivotal driver shaping the positive trajectory of the luxury real estate market.

Restraints of the Ready-to-Move-in Luxury Homes

Supply Chain Disruptions and Construction Slowdown Impacting Ready-to-Move-in Luxury Homes Market

Supply chain disruptions emerged as a significant restraint in the ready to move-in luxury homes market. The cause-and-effect dynamic unfolded as the pandemic disrupted the flow of construction materials and labor, leading to a slowdown in construction activities. Delays in obtaining essential materials and the inability to secure skilled labor hindered project timelines. This restraint underscored the market's vulnerability to external factors affecting the construction industry, impacting the timely delivery of luxury homes and potentially dissuading prospective buyers who sought immediate occupancy.

Impact of COVID-19 on the Ready-to-Move-in Luxury Homes Market

The ready-to-move-in luxury homes market faced a dual impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns and economic uncertainties caused a slowdown in transactions and construction activities. However, as remote work gained prominence, there was a notable shift in demand toward spacious and well-equipped luxury homes. The market adapted by incorporating features like home offices and private amenities. Low interest rates further stimulated demand, leading to a rebound. Despite initial challenges, the pandemic catalyzed a transformation in the luxury real estate sector, aligning offerings with the evolving lifestyle preferences shaped by the new normal.

Opportunity for the growth of the Ready-to-Move-in Luxury Homes Market.

The increasing preference among affluent buyers for hassle-free, immediate occupancy solutions that combine convenience with high-end amenities.

One key opportunity for the growth of the ready-to-move-in luxury homes market lies in the increasing preference among affluent buyers for hassle-free, immediate occupancy solutions that combine convenience with high-end amenities. With rising disposable incomes and evolving lifestyles, especially among urban professionals, HNIs, and NRIs, there is a growing demand for premium properties that are fully constructed, elegantly designed, and equipped with smart home techno...

Metaverse in Real Estate Market Outlook

The global metaverse in real estate market size was valued at approximately USD 5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 80 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 35.6%. This substantial growth can be attributed to the increasing integration of advanced technologies such as blockchain, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) into real estate transactions and property development, driven by the need for innovative and immersive customer experiences.

One of the primary growth factors for the metaverse in the real estate market is the rising adoption of virtual reality and augmented reality technologies. These technologies enable potential buyers to explore properties in a virtual space without needing to be physically present, thus saving time and resources. By providing an immersive experience, VR and AR can significantly enhance the decision-making process for property buyers and investors, making it a crucial factor in the market's expansion. Furthermore, the global increase in internet penetration and the proliferation of smart devices further bolster the adoption of these technologies.

Another significant growth driver is the integration of blockchain technology in real estate transactions. Blockchain ensures secure, transparent, and efficient real estate transactions by eliminating intermediaries, reducing costs, and minimizing fraud risks. Smart contracts, a subset of blockchain technology, can automate various aspects of property transactions, such as verifying documents and transferring ownership, thereby streamlining the entire process. This level of automation and security is particularly appealing in markets with high-value transactions, contributing to the market's robust growth.

The COVID-19 pandemic has also played a role in accelerating the adoption of metaverse technologies in the real estate sector. The restrictions imposed due to the pandemic forced real estate agents, architects, and property developers to find innovative ways to continue their operations and facilitate property transactions. The metaverse, with its virtual environments and capabilities, emerged as an effective solution to address these challenges, ensuring continuity in the real estate market. This shift towards digital solutions is expected to have a lasting impact, further driving the market's growth.

The concept of Social in The Metaverse is becoming increasingly relevant in the real estate sector. As virtual environments evolve, they are not just spaces for transactions but also for social interactions. This integration allows users to engage with properties in a more communal setting, where they can share experiences and insights with others in real-time. Social platforms within the metaverse enable potential buyers and investors to connect with real estate agents, architects, and other stakeholders, facilitating a more collaborative decision-making process. This social dimension is crucial for creating a sense of community and belonging, which can significantly enhance the appeal of virtual real estate offerings.

Regionally, North America is expected to dominate the metaverse in real estate market due to the early adoption of advanced technologies and the presence of major technology companies. The Asia Pacific region is projected to witness the fastest growth, driven by rapid urbanization, increasing disposable incomes, and the growing popularity of virtual platforms for property transactions. Europe is also anticipated to experience significant growth, supported by technological advancements and a strong focus on sustainability and smart city initiatives.

Component Analysis

The metaverse in real estate market can be segmented by component into hardware, software, and services. The hardware segment includes VR headsets, AR glasses, and other related devices. These hardware components are crucial for creating immersive virtual experiences. The increasing affordability and availability of these devices have made them more accessible to a broader audience, thereby boosting their adoption in the real estate sector. Companies are continuously innovating and improving the capabilities of these devices, making them more user-friendly and enhancing the overall virtual experience.

The software segment encompasses various applications and platforms that enable the functioning of the metaverse in real estate.

Replication code for the analysis and figures in the paper

The Canadian luxury housing market, characterized by high-value properties and significant buyer demand, is experiencing robust growth. While the exact market size in 2025 is not specified, considering a CAGR exceeding 10% and a substantial base year value (let's assume a base year market size of $50 billion in 2024 for illustrative purposes, a figure consistent with estimates for high-end residential real estate in Canada), the market size in 2025 can be estimated to be around $55 billion. This robust growth is propelled by several key drivers: a strong economy in certain regions, sustained immigration, increasing high-net-worth individuals seeking premium properties, and a limited supply of luxury homes in desirable urban areas. Furthermore, trends like a shift towards larger, more sustainable properties with high-end amenities are further fueling demand. However, constraints exist, including rising interest rates which can impact affordability, stringent building regulations, and potential government policies aimed at cooling down the overall housing market. Leading developers such as Onni Group, Concord Pacific, Minto Group, Mattamy Homes, Westbank Corp, The Daniels Corporation, Valencia Residential, Amacon, Brookfield Residential, and Oxford Properties Group are shaping the market, competing for increasingly limited land and resources. The forecast period of 2025-2033 projects continued growth, although at a potentially moderating pace. Given the inherent volatility of the luxury housing market and the aforementioned constraints, a conservative projection would be a CAGR of approximately 8-9% for the forecast period, resulting in a market size exceeding $100 billion by 2033. This assumes a continuing balance between supply and demand, and a degree of economic stability in the Canadian context. However, unforeseen global economic events or significant shifts in government policy could impact this projection. The segmentation of the market into various property types (condos, townhouses, detached houses) and geographic locations across the country will play a critical role in shaping this growth trajectory. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Adoption of Remote and Hybrid Work Model. Potential restraints include: Lack of Privacy. Notable trends are: Pandemic Accelerated Luxury Home Sales in Major Canadian Markets.

In a September 2020 survey among adults in the United States, over half of respondents said that their interest in buying a home had not changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic (** percent). However, Hispanic respondents were more likely to have changed their plans (** percent) compared to white respondents (** percent). In the United States, the 2020 homeownership rate reached **** percent.

The number of U.S. home sales in the United States declined in 2024, after soaring in 2021. A total of four million transactions of existing homes, including single-family, condo, and co-ops, were completed in 2024, down from 6.12 million in 2021. According to the forecast, the housing market is forecast to head for recovery in 2025, despite transaction volumes expected to remain below the long-term average. Why have home sales declined? The housing boom during the coronavirus pandemic has demonstrated that being a homeowner is still an integral part of the American dream. Nevertheless, sentiment declined in the second half of 2022 and Americans across all generations agreed that the time was not right to buy a home. A combination of factors has led to house prices rocketing and making homeownership unaffordable for the average buyer. A survey among owners and renters found that the high home prices and unfavorable economic conditions were the two main barriers to making a home purchase. People who would like to purchase their own home need to save up a deposit, have a good credit score, and a steady and sufficient income to be approved for a mortgage. In 2022, mortgage rates experienced the most aggressive increase in history, making the total cost of homeownership substantially higher. Are U.S. home prices expected to fall? The median sales price of existing homes stood at 413,000 U.S. dollars in 2024 and was forecast to increase slightly until 2026. The development of the S&P/Case Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index shows that home prices experienced seven consecutive months of decline between June 2022 and January 2023, but this trend reversed in the following months. Despite mild fluctuations throughout the year, home prices in many metros are forecast to continue to grow, albeit at a much slower rate.

The Canadian housing market, particularly in major urban centers, has experienced a prolonged period of rapid price appreciation, driven by factors such as low interest rates, strong population growth, and limited supply. According to the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), the national average house price rose by more than 50% between 2020 and 2022, with prices in some major cities, such as Toronto and Vancouver, increasing by even more. This rapid price growth has made it increasingly difficult for many Canadians to afford a home, especially in the country's most desirable markets. However, the Canadian housing market is starting to show signs of cooling in 2023, as rising interest rates and stricter mortgage lending rules from the government begin to take effect. The CMHC predicts that the national average house price will decline by 7.6% in 2023, with prices in some markets, such as Toronto and Vancouver, expected to fall by even more. This cooling is expected to continue in 2024, with the CMHC predicting a further decline in the national average house price of 3.2%. The long-term outlook for the Canadian housing market is more uncertain, but the CMHC expects that prices will continue to rise, albeit at a more moderate pace. The Canadian housing market is one of the most expensive in the world, with prices in major cities like Toronto and Vancouver soaring to record highs in recent years. This has led to a growing concern about affordability, as many Canadians are being priced out of the market. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Adoption of Remote and Hybrid Work Model. Potential restraints include: Lack of Privacy. Notable trends are: Pandemic Accelerated Luxury Home Sales in Major Canadian Markets.

Carbon-Neutral Modular Housing Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global carbon-neutral modular housing market size reached USD 5.2 billion in 2024, and is set to register a robust CAGR of 11.7% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of the forecast period, the market is projected to reach an impressive USD 14.3 billion. The market’s rapid expansion is driven by the urgent need for sustainable housing solutions, stringent regulatory frameworks promoting low-carbon construction, and growing consumer awareness of environmental impacts. The increasing adoption of advanced building technologies and renewable energy integration further propels the growth of the carbon-neutral modular housing market worldwide.

One of the primary growth factors for the carbon-neutral modular housing market is the rising global emphasis on sustainability and decarbonization. Governments and regulatory bodies across the world are implementing stricter building codes and offering incentives for green construction, which has dramatically accelerated the adoption of modular housing solutions designed to minimize carbon emissions. Additionally, the growing threat of climate change has heightened the urgency for eco-friendly construction practices, prompting both public and private sector stakeholders to invest in carbon-neutral modular housing. These policies are not only reducing the carbon footprint of the construction industry but are also fostering innovation in energy-efficient building materials and renewable energy integration, further fueling market growth.

Another significant driver is the technological advancements in modular construction processes and renewable energy systems. The evolution of prefabrication techniques, digital design tools, and smart building technologies has made it possible to construct high-quality, energy-efficient modular units at a much faster pace and lower cost compared to traditional construction. This shift towards industrialized building methods allows for precise control over material usage, waste reduction, and enhanced energy performance. Furthermore, the seamless incorporation of solar panels, wind turbines, and geothermal systems into modular designs is enabling the realization of truly carbon-neutral housing solutions. As a result, the market is witnessing increased investments from real estate developers and institutional end-users seeking to meet both regulatory requirements and consumer demand for sustainable living spaces.

Consumer preferences are also evolving, with a growing segment of environmentally conscious buyers prioritizing sustainability in their purchasing decisions. The younger demographic, in particular, is showing a strong inclination towards carbon-neutral housing options that offer not only reduced environmental impact but also lower operating costs through energy efficiency. The flexibility and scalability of modular construction appeal to urban populations facing housing shortages and affordability challenges, further driving demand. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of healthy living environments, boosting interest in modular homes that incorporate air purification systems and non-toxic materials. These shifting preferences are shaping the market landscape, encouraging manufacturers and developers to innovate and expand their carbon-neutral modular housing portfolios.

Regionally, the carbon-neutral modular housing market is experiencing robust growth in North America and Europe, where regulatory support and public awareness are most pronounced. North America accounted for over 32% of the global market share in 2024, driven by progressive building codes and substantial investments in sustainable infrastructure. Europe follows closely, with countries such as Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands leading the way in modular construction and renewable energy integration. The Asia Pacific region is emerging as a high-growth market, fueled by rapid urbanization, government initiatives for green buildings, and increasing adoption of modular technologies. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually catching up, supported by international funding and pilot projects aimed at promoting carbon-neutral construction.

Construction Type Analysis

The carbon-neutral modular housing market is segmented by construction type into permanent modular and relocatable modular solutions. Permanent modular construction is gain

The US Hospitality Commercial Real Estate market, exhibiting a CAGR exceeding 5.50%, presents a robust investment landscape. The market's substantial size (estimated at $XXX million in 2025, based on extrapolated data and industry benchmarks for similar markets) is driven by several key factors. Increased domestic and international tourism, a growing preference for experiential travel, and the expansion of the leisure and business travel segments contribute to heightened demand for hotel accommodations, resorts, and related properties. Further propelling growth are ongoing investments in property renovations and upgrades, the rise of boutique hotels and unique hospitality experiences catering to diverse traveler preferences, and the increasing adoption of technology for enhanced guest services and operational efficiency. However, challenges exist, including the ongoing impacts of inflation on construction costs, potential labor shortages impacting operational efficiency, and the cyclical nature of the hospitality industry's susceptibility to economic downturns. The market is segmented into Hotels and Accommodation, Spas and Resorts, and Other Property Types, with Hotels and Accommodation currently dominating market share. Key players like Marriott International, Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc., and Wyndham Hotel Group are actively shaping the market through strategic acquisitions, expansions, and brand diversification. The US market, within the broader North American region, is a major contributor to overall market revenue, reflecting its established tourism infrastructure and strong economic performance. The forecast period of 2025-2033 anticipates continued market expansion, albeit potentially at a moderated pace compared to the historical period (2019-2024). This moderation reflects a potential leveling-off of post-pandemic recovery and anticipated economic adjustments. Nevertheless, long-term growth prospects remain positive, underpinned by sustained infrastructure development, a growing middle class with increased disposable income, and the ongoing evolution of the hospitality industry's offerings to meet evolving consumer demands. Successful navigation of the aforementioned challenges—inflation, labor constraints, and economic volatility—will be crucial for sustained, profitable growth within this dynamic sector. Geographical expansion within the US itself and increased penetration into under-served markets will also be key strategic elements for market players. This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the US hospitality commercial real estate market, covering the period from 2019 to 2033. With a focus on key market segments, including hotels and accommodation, spas and resorts, and other property types, this study offers valuable insights for investors, developers, and industry professionals seeking to navigate this dynamic sector. The report utilizes data from the historical period (2019-2024), considers the base year (2025), and provides detailed forecasts for 2025-2033. This in-depth analysis delves into market concentration, competitive landscapes, emerging trends, and growth catalysts, providing a holistic understanding of the US hospitality commercial real estate market. Notable trends are: Increase in Number of Hotels.

The Real Estate Adaptation and Innovation within an integrated Retailing system (REPAIR) project, conducted at the University of Glasgow and University of Sheffield, investigated the changes experienced across the retail cores of five UK cities Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hull, Liverpool and Nottingham between 2000 and 2021. The project examined different aspects of the property market and built environment across four separate work streams. The primary data stored here relates to Work Package C and was collected via semi-structured interviews with landlords and property professional practitioners managing assets and/or providing other property services to investors. The interviews investigate the implications of the structural changes experienced in recent years in city centre retail markets for owners, investors and developers. The findings explore the issues around redundant and vacant properties, and how investment behaviours and property market practices are adapting. The later interviews also capture the effects of the pandemic on retailing centres.The retail sector is crucial to the economic health and vitality of towns and cities and is a core component of the national economy, but is experiencing an ongoing period of change and the challenges faced by centres are being met in different ways, with different outcomes. Consumers are behaving, shopping and using urban centres in new and diverse ways and many retailing centres have experienced falling footfall, retailer closures and a rise in empty retail units. In an attempt to reverse the cycle of decline, centres need to be multi-functional places and policy-makers are encouraging more mixed use development. Large-scale mixed-use re-development of obsolete stock, novel temporary land uses, events and public realm works are being used to try to make urban centres more attractive and increase their competitive edge. Yet, not everyone is experiencing the benefits of these changes. Mistrust, tension and conflict can arise from land use changes and become barriers to further renewal and change, limiting the effectiveness of these "town centre first" policies. A recent ESRC-funded study undertaken by researchers at Manchester Metropolitan University blamed these tensions and lack of co-operation as significant contributors to the continued declined of retailing in many centres (Parker, 2015). This project investigates one of the largest stakeholder groups within the sector. The objectives and behaviour of land and property owners, developers and investors are significant to the use and form of retailing centres. The project explores how ownership and the behaviour of this stakeholder group impact on the sector, by exploring issues around changing ownership and use patterns; innovations in design form; the ability of the industry to respond to change; and the ways the group engages and interacts with other stakeholders in urban centres. Thus, it aims to examine how their expectations, perceptions, practices and co-operation help or limit experimentation with new uses, building types and designs. The mixed method study, using primary and secondary data, explores issues around: whether retailers and landlords in city centres are becoming more or less diverse; whether new design formats, flexible uses and large scale redevelopments can help struggling centres; the extent to which established practices and procedures in the real estate market encourage or even hinder new uses; and whether stakeholders can work together in better ways for the future health of town and city centres. These issues are examined using five case study cities over the period 1997-2017: Glasgow, Edinburgh, Liverpool, Sheffield and Nottingham. This part of the REPAIR project used semi-structured interviews to draw on the experiences and opinions of property investors and property professionals working in five major UK retailing centres: Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hull, Liverpool and Nottingham. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling procedure that targeted experienced landlords and property service professionals across a range of organisations.

The number of home sales in the United States peaked in 2021 at almost ************* after steadily rising since 2018. Nevertheless, the market contracted in the following year, with transaction volumes falling to ***********. Home sales remained muted in 2024, with a mild increase expected in 2025 and 2026. A major factor driving this trend is the unprecedented increase in mortgage interest rates due to high inflation. How have U.S. home prices developed over time? The average sales price of new homes has also been rising since 2011. Buyer confidence seems to have recovered after the property crash, which has increased demand for homes and also the prices sellers are demanding for homes. At the same time, the affordability of U.S. homes has decreased. Both the number of existing and newly built homes sold has declined since the housing market boom during the coronavirus pandemic. Challenges in housing supply The number of housing units in the U.S. rose steadily between 1975 and 2005 but has remained fairly stable since then. Construction increased notably in the 1990s and early 2000s, with the number of construction starts steadily rising, before plummeting amid the infamous housing market crash. Housing starts slowly started to pick up in 2011, mirroring the economic recovery. In 2022, the supply of newly built homes plummeted again, as supply chain challenges following the COVID-19 pandemic and tariffs on essential construction materials such as steel and lumber led to prices soaring.