A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite-data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT, GeP&CO), span between 1997 and 2012, and have a global distribution. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral inherent optical properties and spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients. The data were from multi-project archives acquired via the open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenisation, quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) were preserved throughout the work and made available in the final table. Using all the data in a validation exercise increases the number of matchups and enhances the representativeness of different marine regimes. By making available the metadata, it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately.

TND-IGG RL01: This dataset is the first release of thermospheric neutral densities (TND) processed at the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation (IGG), University of Bonn, Germany. TNDs are derived from accelerometer measurements of the satellites GRACE-A, CHAMP and Swarm-C. For GRACE-A and CHAMP we first calibrate the accelerometer data within a precise orbit determination procedure (Vielberg et al., 2018). For Swarm-C we use the calibrated along-track accelerations from ESA (Siemes et al., 2016). In a second step, solar and Earth radiation pressure accelerations according to Vielberg and Kusche (2020) are reduced from the calibrated accelerometer data. The resulting atmospheric drag is then related to the thermospheric neutral density following the direct procedure by Doornbos et al. (2010) with temperature and density of atmospheric constituents from the empirical model NRLMSIS2.0. We apply an accommodation coefficient of 0.93 for GRACE, 0.82 for Swarm and 0.85 for CHAMP. Detailed information about the processing can be found in the ReadMe.txt and in Vielberg et al. (2021, in review). The final thermospheric neutral densities with a temporal resolution of 10 seconds are provided as monthly netCDF files.

This dataset is about: Biomass tree data base. Please consult parent dataset @ https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.871492 for more information.

This repository provides a set of essential variables to support research on forest loss driven by mining. All variables have been resampled to 30 arcsec spatial resolution (approximately 1 by 1 km at the equator) and are encoded in Geographic Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF). The grid extends from the longitude −180 to 180 degrees and from the latitude −90 to 90 degrees in the geographical reference system WGS84. Cells over water have no-data values. Below we describe the list of variables, sources, and processing […]

This dataset is about: Land cover, land use and human impact control 1. Please consult parent dataset @ https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.869682 for more information.

This data set is a compilation of heat flow data of uncertain origin. References as cited in Global Heat Flow Database were incomplete and thus could not be verified. This data compilation contains: data of unknown origin, unpublished data, data which has no full reference information or data which were extracted from other database. The remaining short citation and its related problem are listed in columns 18 and 19.

This dataset is about: A global dataset of crowdsourced land cover and land use reference data (2011-2012). Please consult parent dataset @ https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.869682 for more information.

This study is a first effort to compile the largest possible body of data available from different plankton databases as well as from individual published or unpublished datasets regarding diatom distribution in the world ocean. The data obtained originate from time series studies as well as spatial studies. This effort is supported by the Marine Ecosystem Data (MAREDAT) project, which aims at building consistent data sets for the main PFTs (Plankton Functional Types) in order to help validate biogeochemical ocean models by using converted C biomass from abundance data. Diatom abundance data were obtained from various research programs with the associated geolocation and date of collection, as well as with a taxonomic information ranging from group down to species. Minimum, maximum and average cell size information were mined from the literature for each taxonomic entry, and all abundance data were subsequently converted to biovolume and C biomass using the same methodology.

This dataset provides 68 months time series of the Arctic ocean heat and FW transports from October 2004 to May 2010. They are estimated based on large amount of mooring data (around 1,000 moored instrument records) in the Arctic main gateways (Davis Strait, Fram Strait, Barents Sea Opening and Bering Strait) using box inverse model method as described in Tsubouchi et al. (2018). […]

This dataset is about: Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in the Lena River Delta. Please consult parent dataset @ https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.862961 for more information.

The dataset described in this document has been put together for the purposes of numerical ice sheet modelling of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS), containing data on the ice sheet configuration (e.g. ice surface and ice thickness) and boundary conditions, such as the surface air temperature and accumulation. It is now possible to download a community ice sheet model (e.g. Glimmer-CISM, Rutt et al., 2009 doi:10.1029/2008JF001015), but without adequate data it is difficult to utilise such models. More specifically, ice sheet models that are initialised and run forward from the present day ice sheet configuration, need input data to represent the present-day ice sheet configuration as closely as possible (unlike those spun-up from ice free conditions, which only require the bed/bathymetry). Whilst the BEDMAP dataset (Lythe et al., 2001) was a step forward when it was made, there are a number of inconsistencies within the dataset (see Section 3), and since its release, more data has become available. The dataset described here incorporates some major new datasets (e.g. AGASEA/BBAS ice thickness, Nitsche et al. (2006) bathymetry doi:10.1029/2007GC001694), but by no means incorporates all the new data available. This considerable task is left for a 'BEDMAP2', (an updated version of BEDMAP), however, the processing carried out in this document illustrates the requirements of a dataset for the purpose of high resolution ice sheet modelling, and bridges the gap until a BEDMAP2 is published. It is envisaged, however, that updated versions of the data set will be made available periodically when new regional data sets become available and can be readily incorporated.

Hardware: Autoanalyser "QuAAtro" (Seal Analytics) / Autoanalyser Evolution III (Alliance)

This data set contains plot data on climate, land area, land use, primary productivity, conservation and domestic mammals for explaining the diversity of wild mammals on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. This data set includes data on mammal diversity from 66 study plots along elevation and land use gradients on Mount Kilimanjaro.

Each .zip file contains: - the model predictions for spatial and non-spatial SDMs (non-spatial=zib, spatial=zib_icar) for each realm in a .RData object. This is a shapefile where each column in the attribute table holds the semi-binary model predictions (zero below TSS threshold, original probabalistic value above the threshold). […]

The presented database contains time-referenced sea ice draft values from upward looking sonar (ULS) measurements in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. The sea ice draft data can be used to infer the thickness of the ice. They were collected during the period 1990-2008. In total, the database includes measurements from 13 locations in the Weddell Sea and was generated from more than 3.7 million measurements of sea ice draft. The files contain uncorrected raw drafts, corrected drafts and the basic parameters measured by the ULS. The measurement principle, the data processing procedure and the quality control are described in detail. To account for the unknown speed of sound in the water column above the ULS, two correction methods were applied to the draft data. The first method is based on defining a reference level from the identification of open water leads. The second method uses a model of sound speed in the oceanic mixed layer and is applied to ice draft in austral winter. Both methods are discussed and their accuracy is estimated. Finally, selected results of the processing are presented.

The file includes both field measured and satellite derived high resolution LAI data obtained over the Honghe farm and Hailun site in northeastern China. The Honghe farm (centered at 47°39′N, 133°31′E) is located in the east of the Heilongjiang province, northeast China. Five plots in 400 m × 600 m were selected in the Honghe farm in 2012 and 2013. Within each plot, about 50 - 60 elementary sampling units (ESUs) about 20 m ×20 m in size were selected in different weeks with a moving sampling strategy to avoid the sampling disturbance. Field LAI measurements were performed weekly from June 11 to September 17, 2012, and from June 22 to August 27, 2013. All ESU measurements made with LAI-2200 within a plot were averaged to represent the plot LAI. […]

High-resolution multi-proxy records from two lakes on the southern Tibetan Plateau, Nam Co and Tangra Yumco, are used to infer long-term variations in the Asian monsoon system. We examine the moisture evolution during the Late Glacial Maximum and Holocene using the trace element and stable isotope composition of ostracod shells. The sediment records covering the past 24 cal. ka BP and 18 cal. ka BP, respectively, demonstrate the suitability of ostracod shell chemistry as paleoenvironmental proxy. We analysed (i) Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios as salinity proxies, (ii) Fe/Ca, Mn/Ca and U/Ca ratios representing redox conditions and microbial activity, and (iii) rare earth elements (REEs) reflecting weathering and changes in provenance.

The meteorological observatory Polarstern continuously acquires meteorological parameters during times of ship operation. Measurements are taken on various locations on the vessel, instrument heights above sea level are given below. All data is quality controlled. Measurements are checked daily on board by the operator and again prior to publication. Knowingly affected or erroneous data is removed.

Long-term ecological data are essential for conservation and to monitor and evaluate the effects of environmental change. Bird populations have been routinely assessed on islands off the British coast for many years and here long term data for one such island, Skokholm, is evaluated for robustness in the light of some 20 changes in observers (wardens) on the island over nearly eight decades. It was found that the dataset was robust when compared to bootstrap data with no species showing significant changes in abundance in years when wardens changed. It is concluded that the breeding bird populations on Skokholm and other British offshore islands are an important scientific resource and that protocols should be enacted to ensure the archiving of records, the continuance of data collection using standardised protocols into the future, and the recognition of such long-term data for science in terms of an appropriate conservation designation.

Samples were collected at five oceanographic stations during cruise CDisK-IV on board RV Kilo Moana from Hawaii to Alaska in August 2017. An 8-barrel multi-corer (Ocean Instruments 800 multi-corer with 9.6 cm inner diameter polycarbonate liners) was used for retrieving short sediment cores and immediately overlying water at each station. Two cores from each multi-corer cast were incubated in a cold room (2°C) over the course of days-to-weeks, two additional cores were sampled in the cold room for porewater using Rhizon samplers, and a fifth core was sectioned for sedimentological work.