Global child mortality rates were significantly higher (77 deaths per 1,000 live births) in cases where the child's mother had no education, underlining the importance of female education to reduce child mortality. Child mortality rates decreased with increasing levels of education. Global child mortality rates have fallen steadily since the millennium.

Estimates of the number of children born in England and Wales who have experienced the death of their mother before they reach age 16 years. Data are taken from the Longitudinal Study.

In the United States, more children died due to abuse or maltreatment at the hands of their parents than in other relationships. In 2023, around 364 children died due to abuse by two parents, and 459 children died due to abuse by their mother.

In 2023, about 5.39 children died each day of abuse and neglect in the United States. This is an increase from 1998, when about 3.13 children in the United States died each day due to abuse and neglect.

Data on infant, neonatal, postneonatal, fetal, and perinatal mortality rates by selected characteristics of the mother. Please refer to the PDF or Excel version of this table in the HUS 2019 Data Finder (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/contents2019.htm) for critical information about measures, definitions, and changes over time. SOURCE: NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, public-use Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set, public-use Fetal Death File, and public-use Birth File. For more information on the National Vital Statistics System, see the corresponding Appendix entry at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus19-appendix-508.pdf.

aMRRs were adjusted for country, age, and sex.bMRRs were adjusted for country, age, sex, calendar year period, birth outcomes (birth weight, the Apgar score at 5 minutes, preterm birth), and maternal variables (age, parity, education, and social status).*p

Vital Statistics: Late Foetal Deaths: MFT by residence of the mother and age group of parents. Annual. Autonomous Communities and Cities.

The objective of the annual survey on deaths is to collect data on demographic and socio-economic features of dead person, data on origin and cause of death, as well as data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of mother of dead infant.

The following data are collected: for every dead person (sex, date of death, date of birth, place of birth, citizenship, ethnicity, place of usual residence, educational attainment, activity, occupation, where the death event took place, informant on cause of death, underlying cause of death, origin of death), for dead infant (child born within wedlock or out of wedlock, body mass at birth, gestation age, date of birth of mother, number of children that mother has born up to the moment), for violent deaths (origin of violent death, nature of injury).

The number of infant deaths in Poland in the observed period has maintained a decreasing trend. The number of fatalities decreases with the age of the mother. The highest infant mortality occurs in mothers giving birth at the age of 30 to 34 years.

The current study was based on data of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) to investigate mental health (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and suicidal ideation) and physical health (i.e., metabolic syndrome, telomere length, and perceived physical health) outcomes as well as health behavior (i.e., smoking status, alcohol use, and physical activity) to provide more insight into the long-term outcomes after experiencing childhood parental death (CPD).

Between 2020 and 2021, the perinatal mortality rate in the United States had a slight decline. In 2021, the perinatal mortality rate among U.S. women 25 to 29 years was 5.31 per 1,000. This graph shows the perinatal mortality rates in 2020 and 2021 in the United States, by maternal age group.

This data package includes data about nonmarital childbearing, estimation of morbidity levels related to mother and child shared by the Big Cities Health Coalition members, infant, neonatal, postneonatal, fetal, late fetal and perinatal mortality rates, information over the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), low birth weight and very low birth weight and Breastfeeding among mothers aged between 15 and 44.

Infant mortality rates in the United States reveal significant disparities among racial and ethnic groups. In 2023, Black mothers faced the highest rate at nearly 11 deaths per 1,000 live births, more than double the rate for white mothers. This stark contrast persists despite overall improvements in healthcare and highlights the need for targeted interventions to address these inequalities. Birth rates and fertility trends While infant mortality rates vary, birth rates also differ across ethnicities. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander women had the highest fertility rate in 2022, with about 2,237.5 births per 1,000 women, far exceeding the national average of 1,656.5. In 2023, this group maintained the highest birth rate at 79 births per 1,000 women. Asian women, by contrast, had a much lower birth rate of around 50 per thousand women. These differences in fertility rates can impact overall population growth and demographic shifts within the United States. Hispanic birth trends and fertility decline The Hispanic population in the United States has experienced significant changes in birth trends over recent decades. In 2021, 885,916 babies were born to Hispanic mothers, with a birth rate of 14.1 per 1,000 of the Hispanic population. This represents a slight increase from the previous year. However, the fertility rate among Hispanic women has declined dramatically since 1990, dropping from 108 children per 1,000 women aged 15-44 to 63.4 in 2021. This decline aligns with broader trends of decreasing fertility rates in more industrialized nations.

This topic is no longer available in the NCHS Data Query System (DQS). Search, visualize, and download other estimates from over 120 health topics with DQS, available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/dataquery/index.htm. Data on on average annual infant mortality rates in the United States and U.S. dependent areas, by race and Hispanic origin of mother, state, and territory. Data are from Health, United States. SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set.

Replication data for our JAMA Network Open paper titled "Youths experiencing parental death due to cancer." The code repository is available here: https://github.com/mkiang/parental_deaths_cancer

In the United States, more white children died due to abuse or maltreatment than other racial or ethnic groups. In 2023, 540 Black or African-American children died due to abuse or maltreatment, compared to 581 white children. However, the rate of Black or African-American children who died due to abuse stood at 6.04 deaths per 1,000 children, compared to 1.94 deaths per 1,000 children for white children.

The disruption of the parent–child attachment bond due to parental death (PD) may lead to lingering feelings of unsafety or insecurity that might potentially transfer to adult intimate relationships. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether experiencing childhood parental death (CPD) was associated with adult romantic relationship formation and stability, attachment style, and relationship satisfaction, and whether this is dependent on (in)secure parental bonding. In this cross-sectional study, relationship indicators were assessed using self-report questionnaires in adults (25–45 years old) who experienced PD during childhood (n = 236), in adulthood (n = 301), and who did not experience PD (n = 278).

aSame cause: parental death cause is of same cause group as the child death cause; Not same cause: parental death cause is not of same cause group as the child death cause.bMRRs were adjusted for country, age, sex, calendar year period, birth outcomes (birth weight, the Apgar score at 5 minutes, preterm birth), and maternal variables (age, parity, education, and social status).*p

Data on infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates in the United States, by detailed race and Hispanic origin of mother. Data are from Health, United States. Source: National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set. Search, visualize, and download these and other estimates from over 120 health topics with the NCHS Data Query System (DQS), available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/dataquery/index.htm.