This graph shows the estimated population in the city of Paris from 1989 to 2025. It appears that the number of inhabitants in the French capital decreased since 2012 and from 2.24 million Parisians that year down to 2.05 million in 2025. The high price of rents in the French capital might explain why a lot of people leave Paris to live in cheaper cities in France or the Paris agglomeration.

In 2025, the Ile-de-France region, sometimes called the Paris region, was the most populous in France. It is located in the northern part of France, divided into eight departments and crossed by the Seine River. The region contains Paris, its large suburbs, and several rural areas. The total population in metropolitan France was estimated at around ** million inhabitants. In the DOM (Overseas Department), France had more than *** million citizens spread over the islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, Mayotte, and the South American territory of French Guiana. Ile-de-France: the most populous region in France According to the source, more than ** million French citizens lived in the Ile-de-France region. Ile-de-France was followed by Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Occitanie region which is in the Southern part of the country. Ile-de-France is not only the most populated region in France, it is also the French region with the highest population density. In 2020, there were ******* residents per square kilometer in Ile-de-France compared to ***** for Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, the second most populated region in France. More than two million people were living in the city of Paris in 2025. Thus, the metropolitan area outside the city of Paris, called the suburbs or banlieue in French, had more than ten million inhabitants. Ile-de-France concentrates the majority of the country’s economic and political activities. An urban population In 2024, the total population of France amounted to over 68 million. The population in the country has increased since the mid-2000s. As well as the other European countries, France is experiencing urbanization. In 2023, more than ** percent of the French population lived in cities. This phenomenon shapes France’s geography.

This bar chart presents the estimated population density in the Ile-de-France region (Paris area), in France, in 2025, by district. It appears that the city of Paris counted approximately 19,509 inhabitants per square kilometer, making it the most densely populated department in the region.

Historical dataset of population level and growth rate for the Paris, France metro area from 1950 to 2025.

As of January 2025, there were slightly more than two million people living in the city of Paris. Considered to be the heart of France’s economic and political life, Paris is also part of the most populous region in the country. The Ile-de-France region, which can also be called the Paris area, with almost 12.5 million inhabitants, around six times the number of citizens living in the French capital. Being a Parisian Paris is the largest city in France, and as in a very centralized country, it is where the majority of big companies and all the national administrations are located. Therefore, it attracts a lot of people coming from all across the country to work and study in the French capital. The city has a lot to offer and people from Paris can enjoy a variety of cultural events like nowhere else in France. But if worldwide, Paris is known for its architecture and museums, the city also has disadvantages for Parisians. Thus, they spend sometimes more than one hour on public transport, and air pollution has become a rampant issue in the City of Lights these past years. An exceptionally dense region Paris area is one of the most densely populated regions in Europe. In 2020, there were 1,021.6 residents per square kilometer in Ile-de-France. The region also welcomes millions of tourists every year, which has a direct impact on the housing market in a city that does not have a lot of available space.

Situation 2020
Municipal population since 1962. (We also find the year 1946). INSEE recommends using the population up to 1990 without double counting, in 1999 the exhaustive population, between 2006 and 2010 the municipal population. We can compare 1990 to 1999 and 2010. We can also compare 1990 to 1999 and 2007 but we cannot compare 2006 to 2010. It is only from 2011 that the data are comparable to 2006, in fact with the new census method, it will be necessary to wait 5 years for two collections to be comparable. These statistics are made on the basis of municipalities as of January 1 of each reference year

Consult metadata

This statistic shows the population distribution in France on January 1st, 2025, by age group. In 2025, people aged under 15 accounted for 16.7 percent of the total French population, whereas around 10 percent of the population were 75 years and older. By comparison, the number of members of the population over the age of 65 years has increased even more prominently, reaching 14.57 million in 2025. The number of people living in France has been steadily increasing since 1982, exceeding 68 million in 2025, having thus grown by seven percent during that time.

France - Foreign-born population was 9328900.00 in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for France - Foreign-born population - last updated from the EUROSTAT on July of 2025. Historically, France - Foreign-born population reached a record high of 9328900.00 in December of 2024 and a record low of 7309986.00 in December of 2010.

The data set contains a synthetic representation of the travel demand in the Île-de-France region around Paris. The data is structured in a database containing a list of households, and a database containing a list of persons, both with sociodemographic attributes. Furthermore, the activities and connecting trips of these persons during an average day in the region are provided, both in tabular and spatial format. While trips are described by their mode of transport, departure and arrival time, activities are characterized by their purpose (home, work, leisure, ...) and their duration. The data set was generated using an open software framework that is published alongside the data set. All input data sets (French census data, National household travel survey, tax information, ...) are publicly available as open data. Using the accompanying code it is, therefore, possible to regenerate this data at any time.

This bar chart presents the estimated population in the Île-de-France (Paris area) region in France in 2025, by district. More than two million inhabitants lived in Paris that year, making it the most populous district in the region.

This bar chart presents the population of the city of Paris in France in 2020, distributed by district, also called arrondissement in French. It shows that the XVe arrondissement, located on the left bank of the river Seine, was the most populous district with more than 231,000 inhabitants.

POPP datasets

This repository contains 3 datasets created by the LITIS lab (University of Rouen Normandie) within the POPP project (Project for the Oceration of the Paris Population Census) for the task of handwriting text recognition. These datasets have been published in Recognition and information extraction in historical handwritten tables: toward understanding early 20th century Paris census at DAS 2022 from T. Constum et al and are also available on Zenodo. The 3 datasets are… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/thomas-C/popp.

Situation 2019
Municipal data on the household population (exhaustive) since 1962. The household population covers all people who share the same main residence without these people necessarily being united by kinship ties. It does not include people living in mobile homes, boatmen and the homeless, nor people living in communities (worker homes, retirement homes, university residences, detention centers, etc.)

Consult metadata

With over 21,300 air services, the connection between Paris and Nice was the most served route between the French capital and domestic destinations in 2022. Toulouse was the second-most frequent connection from Paris, with around 19,600 flights connecting the cities in the same year.

Situation 2019
Active employed since 1982. Breakdown for certain age groups of men and women.

Consult the metadata

POPP datasets

This repository contains 3 datasets created within the POPP project (Project for the Oceration of the Paris Population Census) for the task of handwriting text recognition. These datasets have been published in Recognition and information extraction in historical handwritten tables: toward understanding early 20th century Paris census at DAS 2022.

The 3 datasets are called “Generic dataset”, “Belleville”, and “Chaussée d’Antin” and contains lines made from the extracted rows of census tables from 1926. Each table in the Paris census contains 30 rows, thus each page in these datasets corresponds to 30 lines.

The structure of each dataset is the following:

• double-pages : images of the double pages
• pages:
  • images: images of the pages
  • xml: METS and ALTO files of each page containing the coordinates of the bounding boxes of each line
• lines: contains the labels in the file labels.json and the line images splitted into the folders train, valid and test. The double pages were scanned at a resolution of 200dpi and saved as PNG images with 256 gray levels. The line and page images are shared in the TIFF format, also with 256 gray levels.

Since the lines are extracted from table rows, we defined 4 special characters to describe the structure of the text:

• ¤ : indicates an empty cell
• / : indicates the separation into columns
• ? : indicates that the content of the cell following this symbol is written above the regular baseline
• ! : indicates that the content of the cell following this symbol is written below the regular baseline

We provide a script format_dataset.py to define which special character you want to use in the ground-truth.

The split for the Generic Dataset and Belleville have been made at the double-page level so that each writer only appears in one subset among train, evaluation and test. The following table summarizes the splits and the number of writers for each dataset:

Dataset	train - # of lines	validation - # of lines	test - # of lines	# of writers
Generic	3840 (128 pages)	480 (16 pages)	480 (16 pages)	80
Belleville	1140 (38 pages)	150 (5 pages)	180 (6 pages)	1
Chaussée d’Antin	625	78	77	10

Generic dataset (or POPP dataset)

• This dataset is made 4800 annotated lines extracted from 80 double pages of the 1926 Paris census.
• There is one double page for each of the 80 districts of Paris
• There is one writer per double page so the dataset contains 80 different writers.

Belleville dataset

This dataset is a mono-writer dataset made of 1470 lines (49 pages) from the Belleville district census of 1926.

Chaussée d’Antin dataset

This dataset is a multi-writer dataset made of 780 lines (26 pages) from the Chaussée d’Antin district census of 1926 and written by 10 different writers.

Error reporting

It is possible that errors persist in the ground truth, so any suggestions for correction are welcome. To do so, please make a merge request on the Github repository and include the correction in both the labels.json file and in the XML file concerned.

Citation Request

If you publish material based on this database, we request you to include a reference to paper T. Constum, N. Kempf, T. Paquet, P. Tranouez, C. Chatelain, S. Brée, and F. Merveille,Recognition and information extraction in historical handwritten tables: toward understanding early 20th century Paris census ,Document Analysis Systems (DAS), pp. 143- 157, La Rochelle, 2022.

Key information about France Household Income per Capita

• France Annual Household Income per Capita reached 28,072.224 USD in Dec 2023, compared with the previous value of 25,380.026 USD in Dec 2022.
• France Annual Household Income per Capita data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1957 to Dec 2023, with an averaged value of 13,145.742 USD.
• The data reached an all-time high of 28,072.224 USD in Dec 2023 and a record low of 785.864 USD in Dec 1959.
• In the latest reports, Retail Sales of France grew 1.593 % YoY in Dec 2024.

CEIC calculates Annual Household Income per Capita from quarterly Household Income and annual Average Population and converts it into USD. The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies provides Household Income in EUR and Average Population. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Household Income covers Household Disposable Income only. Seasonally adjusted Household Income is used since non-seasonally adjusted data is unavailable from the source.

During the eighteenth century, it is estimated that France's population grew by roughly fifty percent, from 19.7 million in 1700, to 29 million by 1800. In France itself, the 1700s are remembered for the end of King Louis XIV's reign in 1715, the Age of Enlightenment, and the French Revolution. During this century, the scientific and ideological advances made in France and across Europe challenged the leadership structures of the time, and questioned the relationship between monarchial, religious and political institutions and their subjects. France was arguably the most powerful nation in the world in these early years, with the second largest population in Europe (after Russia); however, this century was defined by a number of costly, large-scale conflicts across Europe and in the new North American theater, which saw the loss of most overseas territories (particularly in North America) and almost bankrupted the French crown. A combination of regressive taxation, food shortages and enlightenment ideologies ultimately culminated in the French Revolution in 1789, which brought an end to the Ancien Régime, and set in motion a period of self-actualization.

War and peace

After a volatile and tumultuous decade, in which tens of thousands were executed by the state (most infamously: guillotined), relative stability was restored within France as Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799, and the policies of the revolution became enforced. Beyond France's borders, the country was involved in a series of large scale wars for two almost decades, and the First French Empire eventually covered half of Europe by 1812. In 1815, Napoleon was defeated outright, the empire was dissolved, and the monarchy was restored to France; nonetheless, a large number of revolutionary and Napoleonic reforms remained in effect afterwards, and the ideas had a long-term impact across the globe. France experienced a century of comparative peace in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars; there were some notable uprisings and conflicts, and the monarchy was abolished yet again, but nothing on the scale of what had preceded or what was to follow. A new overseas colonial empire was also established in the late 1800s, particularly across Africa and Southeast Asia. Through most of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, France had the second largest population in Europe (after Russia), however political instability and the economic prioritization of Paris meant that the entire country did not urbanize or industrialize at the same rate as the other European powers. Because of this, Germany and Britain entered the twentieth century with larger populations, and other regions, such as Austria or Belgium, had overtaken France in terms of industrialization; the German annexation of Alsace-Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian War was also a major contributor to this.

World Wars and contemporary France

Coming into the 1900s, France had a population of approximately forty million people (officially 38 million* due to to territorial changes), and there was relatively little growth in the first half of the century. France was comparatively unprepared for a large scale war, however it became one of the most active theaters of the First World War when Germany invaded via Belgium in 1914, with the ability to mobilize over eight million men. By the war's end in 1918, France had lost almost 1.4 million in the conflict, and approximately 300,000 in the Spanish Flu pandemic that followed. Germany invaded France again during the Second World War, and occupied the country from 1940, until the Allied counter-invasion liberated the country during the summer of 1944. France lost around 600,000 people in the course of the war, over half of which were civilians. Following the war's end, the country experienced a baby boom, and the population grew by approximately twenty million people in the next fifty years (compared to just one million in the previous fifty years). Since the 1950s, France's economy quickly grew to be one of the strongest in the world, despite losing the vast majority of its overseas colonial empire by the 1970s. A wave of migration, especially from these former colonies, has greatly contributed to the growth and diversity of France's population today, which stands at over 65 million people in 2020.

The table L_CIRCONSCRIPTION_LEGISLATIVE_075 delimits the Paris legislative constituencies. The French legislative constituencies are territorial boundaries within which deputies are elected to the National Assembly. They are demarcated on the basis of demographic criteria (data from the population census), each representing a comparable number of inhabitants in order to respect the principle of equality before the vote. The division of constituencies is recorded in the Electoral Code, Annex 1, Table of Electoral Districts of the Departments (election of deputies). It was last amended by Order No. 2009-935 of 29 July 2009 on the allocation of seats and the delimitation of constituencies for the election of deputies. France currently has 577 constituencies, eleven of which concern French citizens living abroad. The department of Paris is divided into 18 legislative constituencies, which are partly based on the boundaries of the Paris districts and districts.