The statistic illustrates some U.S. airlines' domestic revenue per available seat mile (RASM) on a stage-length adjusted basis in the third quarter of 2018. Frontier reported the second lowest stage-length adjusted RASM at *** U.S. dollar cents.

In the fiscal year 2024, JetBlue generated a passenger revenue of ***** U.S. dollar cents for each available seat mile. This represents an 11-cent decrease compared to the previous year.

Graph and download economic data for Available Seat Miles for U.S. Air Carrier Domestic and International, Scheduled Passenger Flights (ASM) from Jan 2000 to Jul 2025 about flight, miles, passenger, air travel, travel, domestic, and USA.

This dataset is sourced from the Airline Data Project established by the MIT Global Airline Industry Program. It describes financial metrics for Individual airlines, airline sectors and the industry as a whole for the American commercial airline industry. The Original data from the source is collected in the zip file "Original MIT data" and the data relating to Airline finances and the main industry metrics has been cleaned and written into csv files for ease of use.

MIT ADP Description The U.S. commercial airline industry is one of the most diverse, dynamic and perplexing in the world. It is fast-evolving, labor intensive, capital intensive, hyper-competitive and highly susceptible to the ebb and flow of business cycles as well as being among the most regulated of deregulated businesses.

The Airline Data Project (ADP) was established by the MIT Global Airline Industry Program to better understand the opportunities, risks and challenges facing this vital industry. The ADP presents the most important airline industry data in one location in an easy-to-understand, user-friendly format.

The data on this website is sourced from the U.S. Department of Transportation's Form 41 data product. It has been selected and analyzed to present a view of the industry and its important trends, as well as to identify fundamental drivers of success - and in some cases, the early signs of potential failure.

The ADP is designed to support the goals of the MIT Airline Industry Consortium. It is a unique repository of data and analysis that will allow individuals – from academia to the financial community to the news media – to monitor the evolution of the U.S. commercial airline industry.

The ADP is updated in June of each year pending the release of Form 41 data files by the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. The last update of the ADP was in June 2020 for calendar year 2019 data. If you have questions about what items are included in various Form 41 data categories, you can refer to the U.S. DOT's Form 41 Financial Reporting Categories Item List Guide.

You are invited to review the data on this site and share your feedback on the wealth of information that is available about this highly visible industry.

Glossary: Aircraft Utilization Measure of aircraft productivity, calculated by dividing aircraft block hours by the number of aircraft days assigned to service on air carrier routes. Typically presented in block hours per day.

Available Seat Miles (ASMs) A common industry measurement of airline output that refers to one aircraft seat flown one mile, whether occupied or not. An aircraft with 100 passenger seats, flown a distance of 100 miles, generates 10,000 available seat miles.

Average Aircraft Capacity Average seating configuration of an airline’s operating fleet. The measure is derived by dividing total available seat miles flown by the number of aircraft miles flown. It is important to understand the average aircraft size as it is an important determinant of employees needed to service the operation of a particular airline.

Block Hour Time from the moment the aircraft door closes at departure of a revenue flight until the moment the aircraft door opens at the arrival gate following its landing. Block hours are the industry standard measure of aircraft utilization (see above).

Cost per Available Seat Mile (CASM) Measure of unit cost in the airline industry. CASM is calculated by taking all of an airline’s operating expenses and dividing it by the total number of available seat miles produced. Sometimes, fuel or transport-related expenses are withheld from CASM calculations to better isolate and directly compare operating expenses.

Unit Cost per Unit of Output A measurement that gauges total operating costs in relation to output.

Form 41 Data Information derived from airline filings with the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Airline financial data is filed with the BTS quarterly; traffic and employment numbers are filed monthly.

Load Factor The number of Revenue Passenger Miles (RPMs) expressed as a percentage of ASMs, either on a particular flight or for the entire system. Load factor represents the proportion of airline output that is actually consumed. To calculate this figure, divide RPMs by ASMs. Load factor for a single flight can also be calculated by dividing the number of passengers by the number of seats.

Operating Revenue ...

This statistic illustrates United Airlines' passenger revenue per available seat mile (PRASM) from 2014 to 2021. In 2021, United Airlines reported a passenger revenue per available seat mile of 11.3 U.S. dollar cents.

In the fiscal year of 2023, Delta Air Lines’ revenue passenger miles came to around 232.2 billion. The company's revenue passenger miles incrementally increased over the past decade, before experiencing a sudden decline as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. What are revenue passenger miles? The result of multiplying the number of revenue-paying passengers by the distance traveled is referred as revenue passenger miles (or kilometers). Thus, one revenue passenger mile is approximately equal to one revenue-paying passenger transported one mile. An increase in revenue passenger miles is positive for an airline, as it means that more passengers are using its service. The U.S. airline industry saw an increase in total RPMs' over the last decade until the coronavirus pandemic, when decreased from roughly 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars to approximately 378 billion U.S. dollars . In 2021, the company's RPM stared increasing again. Delta's RPM in comparison When contrasted with the over 272 billion available seat miles Delta had in 2023, it is apparent that Delta has a high load factor, meaning that the company is efficient at selling seats and generating income. The airline's income was at 4.6 billion U.S. dollars in that same period. Looking at Delta's main competitors: American Airlines has a higher RPM (at just under 216 billion), while Southwest trails behind with approximately 124 billion U.S. dollars.

Context

Have you taken a flight in the U.S. in the past 15 years? If so, then you are a part of monthly data that the U.S. Department of Transportation's TranStats service makes available on various metrics for 15 U.S. airlines and 30 major U.S airports. Their website unfortunately does not include a method for easily downloading and sharing files. Furthermore, the source is built in ASP.NET, so extracting the data is rather cumbersome. To allow easier community access to this rich source of information, I scraped the metrics for every airline / airport combination and stored them in separate CSV files.

Occasionally, an airline doesn't serve a certain airport, or it didn't serve it for the entire duration that the data collection period covers*. In those cases, the data either doesn't exist or is typically too sparse to be of much use. As such, I've only uploaded complete files for airports that an airline served for the entire uninterrupted duration of the collection period. For these files, there should be 174 time series points for one or more of the nine columns below. I recommend any of the files for American, Delta, or United Airlines for outstanding examples of complete and robust airline data.

* No data for Atlas Air exists, and Virgin America commenced service in 2007, so no folders for either airline are included.

Content

There are 13 airlines that have at least one complete dataset. Each airline's folder includes CSV file(s) for each airport that are complete as defined by the above criteria. I've double-checked the files, but if you find one that violates the criteria, please point it out. The file names have the format "AIRLINE-AIRPORT.csv", where both AIRLINE and AIRPORT are IATA codes. For a full listing of the airlines and airports that the codes correspond to, check out the airline_codes.csv or airport_codes.csv files that are included, or perform a lookup here. Note that the data in each airport file represents metrics for flights that originated at the airport.

Among the 13 airlines in data.zip, there are a total of 161 individual datasets. There are also two special folders included - airlines_all_airports.csv and airports_all_airlines.csv. The first contains datasets for each airline aggregated over all airports, while the second contains datasets for each airport aggregated over all airlines. To preview a sample dataset, check out all_airlines_all_airports.csv, which contains industry-wide data.

Each file includes the following metrics for each month from October 2002 to March 2017:

1. Date (YYYY-MM-DD): All dates are set to the first of the month. The day value is just a placeholder and has no significance.
2. ASM_Domestic: Available Seat-Miles in thousands (000s). Number of domestic flights * Number of seats on each flight
3. ASM_International*: Available Seat-Miles in thousands (000s). Number of international flights * Number of seats on each flight
4. Flights_Domestic
5. Flights_International*
6. Passengers_Domestic
7. Passengers_International*
8. RPM_Domestic: Revenue Passenger-Miles in thousands (000s). Number of domestic flights * Number of paying passengers
9. RPM_International*: Revenue Passenger-Miles in thousands (000s). Number of international flights * Number of paying passengers

* Frequently contains missing values

Acknowledgements

Thanks to the U.S. Department of Transportation for collecting this data every month and making it publicly available to us all.

Source: https://www.transtats.bts.gov/Data_Elements.aspx

Inspiration

The airline / airport datasets are perfect for practicing and/or testing time series forecasting with classic statistical models such as autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), or modern deep learning techniques such as long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The datasets typically show evidence of trends, seasonality, and noise, so modeling and accurate forecasting can be challenging, but still more tractable than time series problems possessing more stochastic elements, e.g. stocks, currencies, commodities, etc. The source releases new data each month, so feel free to check your models' performances against new data as it comes out. I will update the files here every 3 to 6 months depending on how things go.

A future plan is to build a SQLite database so a vast array of queries can be run against the data. The data in it its current time series format is not conducive for this, so coming up with a workable structure for the tables is the first step towards this goal. If you have any suggestions for how I can improve the data presentation, or anything that you would like me to add, please let me know. Looking forward to seeing the questions that we can answer together!

Premium Economy Seat Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global premium economy seat market size reached USD 4.1 billion in 2024, with a robust trajectory supported by a CAGR of 7.2% projected through the forecast period. This dynamic growth is anticipated to elevate the market to approximately USD 7.7 billion by 2033. The surge in demand is primarily driven by the evolving expectations of air travelers seeking enhanced comfort and value, as well as airlines’ strategic focus on revenue maximization through differentiated cabin offerings. As per our most recent analysis, the expansion of international air travel, ongoing fleet modernization, and the rising middle-class demographic globally are further catalyzing the adoption of premium economy seating solutions.

One of the primary growth factors fueling the premium economy seat market is the shifting preference of travelers who desire a balance between the affordability of economy class and the luxury of business class. Airlines are increasingly investing in premium economy cabins to cater to a growing segment of passengers who are willing to pay more for added comfort, extra legroom, and superior in-flight services. This trend is particularly pronounced among long-haul travelers, business professionals, and affluent leisure flyers. The premium economy offering enables airlines to segment their customer base more effectively, driving incremental revenue without the high operational costs associated with business class. Furthermore, the integration of advanced seat designs, enhanced ergonomics, and value-added features such as expanded entertainment options and improved meal services are elevating the overall passenger experience, thereby boosting market growth.

Another significant driver is the ongoing fleet renewal initiatives undertaken by major airlines worldwide. As carriers phase out older aircraft in favor of more fuel-efficient and passenger-friendly models, there is a substantial emphasis on cabin reconfiguration to maximize revenue per available seat mile (RASM). Premium economy seats, with their higher yield compared to standard economy, are becoming a crucial component of new aircraft layouts. Aircraft manufacturers and seat suppliers are collaborating to develop innovative, lightweight, and space-efficient premium economy solutions that align with evolving regulatory standards and airline branding strategies. This synergy between OEMs and airlines not only enhances passenger comfort but also supports environmental sustainability goals through weight reduction and improved fuel efficiency.

The premium economy seat market is also benefiting from the increasing globalization of business and the expansion of international tourism. As more travelers embark on transcontinental journeys, the demand for mid-tier comfort options is rising. Airlines in emerging markets, particularly in Asia Pacific and the Middle East, are rapidly adopting premium economy configurations to attract both domestic and international passengers. Additionally, the proliferation of direct booking platforms and strategic partnerships with travel agencies are making premium economy seats more accessible to a broader audience. These factors, coupled with rising disposable incomes and evolving lifestyle aspirations, are expected to sustain the momentum of the premium economy seat market in the coming years.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing market for premium economy seats, driven by the rapid expansion of air travel infrastructure, increasing per capita income, and the burgeoning middle-class population. North America and Europe continue to dominate in terms of market share, owing to their mature aviation sectors and high adoption rates of premium cabin products. Meanwhile, the Middle East and Africa are witnessing steady growth, supported by ambitious airline expansion plans and a focus on enhancing passenger experience. Latin America, although a smaller market, is expected to register notable growth as airlines in the region modernize their fleets and introduce differentiated cabin offerings to boost profitability.

Operator Passenger Figures include annual, bi-annual, quarterly and/or monthly passenger figures (passengers, available seat kilometres/miles (ASK/ASM), revenue passenger seat kilometres/miles (RPK/RPM), load factors) for commercial airlines worldwide based on a wide range of operator and government sources.

The data set is updated monthly.

The sample dataset presents passenger figures for Swiss, Alaska Airlines, and Horizon Air beginning in 2011.

Contact us to get access to ch-aviation's AWS S3 sample data bucket as well allowing you to build proof of concepts with all of our sample data.

The direct bucket URL for this data set is: https://eu-central-1.console.aws.amazon.com/s3/buckets/dataservices-standardised-samples?region=eu-central-1&bucketType=general&prefix=operator_passenger_figures/&showversions=false

Full Technical Data Dictionary: https://about.ch-aviation.com/operator-passenger-figures/

This dataset is about airline operations and performance. The data is quantitative and numerical in nature. It can be analyzed and used to derive insights on the airline's performance, capacity utilization, revenue generation, and efficiency. This type of data is commonly used in the airline industry for performance analysis, benchmarking, and decision-making purposes.

1. Month: This column refers to the month in which the data was recorded.

2. DEPARTURES: The number of flights that departed during the month in question.

3. HOURS: Hours flown by the airline during the month in question. This can be used to track the airline's utilization of its fleet.

4. KILOMETRE(TH): Kilometers flown by the airline during the month, measured in thousands. This can be used to track the airline's overall operational performance.

5. PASSENGERS CARRIED: Number of passengers carried by the airline during a given month.

6. PASSENGER KMS.PERFORMED(TH): Passenger kilometers performed by the airline during the month, measured in thousands. This can be used to track the airline's revenue performance.

7. AVAILABLE SEAT KILOMETRE(TH): Seat kilometers available on the airline's flights during the month, measured in thousands. This can be used to track the airline's capacity utilization.

8. PAX.LOAD FACTOR (IN %): Percentage of available seats that were actually occupied by passengers during the month in question. This is a key metric for airlines, as it indicates how effectively they are filling their planes.

The statistic shows Hawaiian Holdings Inc.'s passenger revenue per available seat mile (PRASM) for scheduled operations between the fiscal year of 2013 and the fiscal year of 2021. In the fiscal year of 2021, the company's airline business recorded passenger revenue of **** U.S. dollar cents for each available seat mile.

Aircraft Seat Track Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global aircraft seat track market size reached USD 420 million in 2024, with a robust year-on-year growth trajectory. The market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 5.7% from 2025 to 2033, driven by increasing air travel demand, advancements in aircraft interior technologies, and a growing emphasis on passenger safety and comfort. By 2033, the aircraft seat track market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 694 million. The expansion of the commercial aviation sector, coupled with the rising frequency of aircraft retrofitting and upgrades, acts as a significant catalyst for the market's consistent growth, as per our latest research findings.

A primary growth factor for the aircraft seat track market is the ongoing surge in global air passenger traffic, especially in emerging economies. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) reports a steady increase in passenger numbers, prompting airlines to expand their fleets and modernize existing aircraft. This expansion necessitates the installation of advanced seat track systems to enhance passenger experience and optimize cabin layouts. Furthermore, stringent regulatory standards related to passenger safety and comfort are compelling aircraft manufacturers and operators to invest in technologically advanced seat track solutions. The integration of lightweight materials and modular seat track designs also enables airlines to reduce overall aircraft weight, thereby improving fuel efficiency and operational profitability.

Technological advancements in materials and manufacturing processes are another key driver propelling the aircraft seat track market. The adoption of composite materials and high-strength aluminum alloys has revolutionized seat track manufacturing, offering superior durability, corrosion resistance, and weight reduction compared to traditional steel tracks. These innovations are particularly relevant in the context of next-generation aircraft that prioritize operational efficiency and sustainability. Additionally, the increasing adoption of smart cabin solutions and in-flight entertainment systems is driving the need for versatile and customizable seat track systems. Aircraft manufacturers are collaborating closely with seat track suppliers to develop products that accommodate evolving cabin configurations and support future-ready aircraft interiors.

The aftermarket segment also plays a critical role in the growth of the aircraft seat track market. With airlines seeking to extend the service life of their fleets and enhance passenger amenities, the demand for retrofit solutions and replacement seat tracks is on the rise. The trend towards cabin retrofitting is especially prominent among low-cost carriers and regional airlines aiming to differentiate their offerings and maximize revenue per available seat mile (RASM). Furthermore, the increasing frequency of maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) activities, particularly in mature aviation markets, contributes to sustained demand for aftermarket seat track solutions. As airlines strive to comply with evolving safety regulations and passenger expectations, the aftermarket is expected to remain a vital growth avenue for seat track manufacturers and suppliers.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific continues to dominate the aircraft seat track market, accounting for the largest share in 2024. This leadership is attributed to rapid fleet expansion in countries such as China and India, coupled with the proliferation of low-cost carriers and the modernization of regional airports. North America and Europe also represent significant markets, driven by a strong presence of aircraft OEMs, established airline operators, and a mature MRO ecosystem. Meanwhile, the Middle East & Africa and Latin America are emerging as promising regions, fueled by increasing investments in aviation infrastructure and growing demand for air travel. Regional disparities in regulatory frameworks, procurement strategies, and technological adoption, however, necessitate tailored market approaches for stakeholders seeking to capitalize on global growth opportunities.

In 2023, Delta Air Lines had over 272 billion available seat miles, which was a significant increase relative to the number of available seat miles in 2020, when the coronavirus affected the company's operations dramatically. Available seat miles report the total flight passenger capacity of an airline in miles by multiplying the total number of seats available by the total number of miles in which those seats were flown.      Delta: a profitable airline    The airline company had a passenger load factor of around 85 percent in 2023, which is slightly higher than the national average. Delta's net income reflects its improved efficiency, reaching over 4.6 billion U.S. dollars in the same period.     Air transportation industry in the United States     Delta Air Lines contributed to the colossal 1.14 trillion ASMs reported by U.S. airlines on domestic and international flights in 2022. Due to its geographic extensiveness, the United States has a massive air transportation infrastructure. With at least one airport in every major city, air transportation happens continuously. Almost half of the leading airline groups worldwide hail from the United States.   

In the fiscal year 2024/25, Qatar Airways had a capacity of around *** billion available seat kilometers. Apart from 2021 when much of the airline industry was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, Qatar Airways has seen a consistent increase in its available seat kilometers throughout the years.

In 2021, due to travel restrictions worldwide, the available seat kilometers (ASKs) of British Airways plc amounted to only **** billion. ASKs increased to over *** billion in 2022. British Airways plc is a group formed by nearly ** companies with headquarters at Harmondsworth, United Kingdom (UK). British Airways flights include national and international destinations, low fares as well as cargo and passengers flights.

The number of kilometers traveled by paying passengers (RPK) of the Singapore Airlines Group reached approximately ****** billion in fiscal year 2023/2024. By comparison, the available seat kilometer (ASK) amounted to about *** billion in the same year.

In 2024, U.S. airlines reported a passenger load factor of ***** percent on domestic flights across the United States. This marked a slight increase from the previous year's load factor of ***** percent. The passenger load factor is measured by dividing revenue passenger miles by available seat miles for a reporting period.

The three largest U.S. full-cost carriers sit atop the list of passenger kilometers (RPKs) flown worldwide in 2024, with United Airlines managing to reach top spot with *** billion RPKs. Delta Air Lines ranked second with ****billion RPKs, while American Airlines rounded out the top three with *** billion. Revenue passenger kilometers Revenue passenger kilometers (or revenue passenger miles, in some territories) are a measure of passenger demand in a given market. They are calculated by multiplying the number of revenue-paying passengers aboard an aircraft by the distance the aircraft traveled. Often RPKs are compared to available seat kilometers (ASKs), which are the number of seats available for sale on an aircraft multiplied by the distance flown. ASKs effectively measure supply in a given market, with the goal of airlines being to match their ASKs offered with their RPKs flown. Airline metrics Across most airline industry metrics the large full-cost U.S. airlines dominate. Looking at only the number of passengers flown, American and Delta again sit in first and second place, with U.S. low-cost carrier Southwest coming in ***** just ahead of United. Revenue figures tells a similar story, but with German national carrier Lufthansa replacing Southwest. However, when considering the number of airport pairs served, all the U.S. carriers are beaten out by Irish low-cost carrier Ryanair, who serve nearly ** percent more airport pairs than American Airlines.

The statistic illustrates WestJet's available seat kilometers (ASKs) between 2011 and 2020. In 2020, WestJet Airlines had a capacity of ** billion available seat kilometers. ASK refers to the number of seats available for passengers multiplied by the number of kilometers the seats are flown. In May 2019, WestJet became a private company owned by Toronto-based Onex Corporation.

This statistic shows the international passenger load factor (PLF) of U.S. airlines between 2004 and 2021. In 2021, U.S. airlines reported a passenger load factor of ***** percent on international flights around the world. The passenger load factor is measured by dividing revenue passenger miles by available seat miles for a reporting period.