This composition appears in the Pd-Se region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Pd-Se phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

PdSe crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Pd2+ sites. In the first Pd2+ site, Pd2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four equivalent Se2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.49 Å) and two longer (2.50 Å) Pd–Se bond lengths. In the second Pd2+ site, Pd2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Se2- atoms. All Pd–Se bond lengths are 2.47 Å. In the third Pd2+ site, Pd2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four equivalent Se2- atoms. All Pd–Se bond lengths are 2.49 Å. Se2- is bonded to four Pd2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SePd4 trigonal pyramids.

Under ambient condition PdSe2 has the PdS2-type structure. The crystal structure of PdSe2 under pressure (up to 30 GPa) was investigated at room temperature by X-ray diffraction in an energy-dispersive configuration using a diamond anvil cell with a mixture of water/ethanol/methanol as a pressure transmitting medium. A reversible structural transition from the PdS2-type to the pyrite-type structure occurs around 10 GPa, and the applied pressure reduces the spacing between adjacent 2/∝[PdSe2] layers of the PdS2-type structure to form the three-dimensional lattice of the pyrite-type structure. First principles and extended Hückel electronic band structure calculations were carried out to confirm the observed pressure-induced structural changes. We also examined why the isoelectronic analogues NiSe2 and PtSe2 adopt structures different from the PdS2-type structure on the basis of qualitative electronic structure considerations.

Data obtained from computational DFT calculations on Cubic PdSe is provided. Available data include crystal structure, bandgap energy, stability, density of states, and calculation input/output files.

Data obtained from computational DFT calculations on Hexagonal PdSe is provided. Available data include crystal structure, bandgap energy, stability, density of states, and calculation input/output files.

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Three new palladium compounds, PdSeO3, PdSe2O5, and Na2Pd(SeO4)2, containing selenium oxoanions of both Se(IV) and Se(VI) have been prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions. PdSe2O5 and Na2Pd(SeO4)2 both possess one-dimensional structures. Within the structure of PdSe2O5, [PdO4] square planar building blocks are joined together through diselenite, Se2O52-, anions, and form a zigzag chain along the c axis. In Na2Pd(SeO4)2, [PdO4] units are connected by two selenate, SeO42-, anions, and extend along the a axis to form a [Pd(SeO4)2]2- chain. Na+ cations reside in the space between the [Pd(SeO4)2]2- chains and act as counter cations. Unlike above two compounds, PdSeO3 exhibits a layered structure. In the structure of PdSeO3, [PdO4] units are connected to each other by corner-sharing and form a zigzag chain along the b axis. The chains are further joined together by tridentate selenite, SeO32-, anions to form layers in the [ab] plane that stack along the c axis. Crystallographic data:  (193 K; Mo Kα, λ = 0.71073 Å):  PdSeO3, monoclinic, space group P21/m, a = 3.8884(5) Å, b = 6.4170(8) Å, c = 6.1051(7) Å, β = 96.413(2)°, V = 151.38(3) Å3, Z = 2; PdSe2O5, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 12.198(2) Å, b = 5.5500(8) Å, c = 7.200(1) Å, β = 107.900(2)°, V = 463.8(1) Å3, Z = 4; Na2Pd(SeO4)2, triclinic, space group P1̄, a = 4.9349(11) Å, b = 5.9981(13) Å, c = 7.1512 (15) Å, α = 73.894(4)°, β = 86.124(4)°, γ = 70.834(4)°, V = 192.03(7) Å3, Z = 1.

Data obtained from computational DFT calculations on Tetragonal PdSe is provided. Available data include crystal structure, bandgap energy, stability, density of states, and calculation input/output files.

Data obtained from computational DFT calculations on Monoclinic PdSe is provided. Available data include crystal structure, bandgap energy, stability, density of states, and calculation input/output files.

Data obtained from computational DFT calculations on Orthorhombic PdSe is provided. Available data include crystal structure, bandgap energy, stability, density of states, and calculation input/output files.

Plant disease diagnosis with estimation of disease severity at early stages still remains a significant research challenge in agriculture. It is helpful in diagnosing plant diseases at the earliest so that timely action can be taken for curing the disease. Existing studies often rely on labor-intensive manually annotated large datasets for disease severity estimation. In order to conquer this problem, a lightweight framework named “PDSE-Lite” based on Convolutional Autoencoder (CAE) and Few-Shot Learning (FSL) is proposed in this manuscript for plant disease severity estimation with few training instances. The PDSE-Lite framework is designed and developed in two stages. In first stage, a lightweight CAE model is built and trained to reconstruct leaf images from original leaf images with minimal reconstruction loss. In subsequent stage, pretrained layers of the CAE model built in the first stage are utilized to develop the image classification and segmentation models, which are then trained using FSL. By leveraging FSL, the proposed framework requires only a few annotated instances for training, which significantly reduces the human efforts required for data annotation. Disease severity is then calculated by determining the percentage of diseased leaf pixels obtained through segmentation out of the total leaf pixels. The PDSE-Lite framework’s performance is evaluated on Apple-Tree-Leaf-Disease-Segmentation (ATLDS) dataset. However, the proposed framework can identify any plant disease and quantify the severity of identified diseases. Experimental results reveal that the PDSE-Lite framework can accurately detect healthy and four types of apple tree diseases as well as precisely segment the diseased area from leaf images by using only two training samples from each class of the ATLDS dataset. Furthermore, the PDSE-Lite framework’s performance is compared with existing state-of-the-art techniques, and it is found that this framework outperformed these approaches. The proposed framework’s applicability is further verified by statistical hypothesis testing using Student t-test. The results obtained from this test confirm that the proposed framework can precisely estimate the plant disease severity with a confidence interval of 99%. Hence, by reducing the reliance on large-scale manual data annotation, the proposed framework offers a promising solution for early-stage plant disease diagnosis and severity estimation.

This composition appears in the K-Pd-Se region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the K-Pd-Se phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

This composition appears in the Cl-Pd-Se region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Cl-Pd-Se phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

This composition appears in the O-Pd-Se region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the O-Pd-Se phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

This composition appears in the Co-Pd-Se-Ta region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Co-Pd-Se-Ta phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

This composition appears in the Cs-P-Pd-Se region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Cs-P-Pd-Se phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

This composition appears in the Co-Nb-Pd-Se region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Co-Nb-Pd-Se phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

This composition appears in the Pd-Se-Ta region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Pd-Se-Ta phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

This composition appears in the Nb-Pd-Se region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Nb-Pd-Se phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

Data obtained from computational DFT calculations on Monoclinic PdSe2 is provided. Available data include crystal structure, bandgap energy, stability, density of states, and calculation input/output files. This structure was obtained from ICSD (Collection code = 253901)