In 2023, Washington, D.C. had the highest population density in the United States, with 11,130.69 people per square mile. As a whole, there were about 94.83 residents per square mile in the U.S., and Alaska was the state with the lowest population density, with 1.29 residents per square mile. The problem of population density Simply put, population density is the population of a country divided by the area of the country. While this can be an interesting measure of how many people live in a country and how large the country is, it does not account for the degree of urbanization, or the share of people who live in urban centers. For example, Russia is the largest country in the world and has a comparatively low population, so its population density is very low. However, much of the country is uninhabited, so cities in Russia are much more densely populated than the rest of the country. Urbanization in the United States While the United States is not very densely populated compared to other countries, its population density has increased significantly over the past few decades. The degree of urbanization has also increased, and well over half of the population lives in urban centers.

The 2015 cartographic boundary KMLs are simplified representations of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for small-scale thematic mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the intent to maintain the hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain the alignment of geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may not align with the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as nation-based files while others are available only as state-based files. The records in this file allow users to map the parts of Urban Areas that overlap a particular county. After each decennial census, the Census Bureau delineates urban areas that represent densely developed territory, encompassing residential, commercial, and other nonresidential urban land uses. In general, this territory consists of areas of high population density and urban land use resulting in a representation of the "urban footprint." There are two types of urban areas: urbanized areas (UAs) that contain 50,000 or more people and urban clusters (UCs) that contain at least 2,500 people, but fewer than 50,000 people (except in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam which each contain urban clusters with populations greater than 50,000). Each urban area is identified by a 5-character numeric census code that may contain leading zeroes. The primary legal divisions of most states are termed counties. In Louisiana, these divisions are known as parishes. In Alaska, which has no counties, the equivalent entities are the organized boroughs, city and boroughs, municipalities, and for the unorganized area, census areas. The latter are delineated cooperatively for statistical purposes by the State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and thus constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation. The District of Columbia and Guam have no primary divisions, and each area is considered an equivalent entity for purposes of data presentation. The Census Bureau treats the following entities as equivalents of counties for purposes of data presentation: Municipios in Puerto Rico, Districts and Islands in American Samoa, Municipalities in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The entire area of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas is covered by counties or equivalent entities. The boundaries for counties and equivalent entities are as of January 1, 2010.

The 2019 cartographic boundary KMLs are simplified representations of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for small-scale thematic mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the intent to maintain the hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain the alignment of geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may not align with the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as nation-based files while others are available only as state-based files. The records in this file allow users to map the parts of Urban Areas that overlap a particular county. After each decennial census, the Census Bureau delineates urban areas that represent densely developed territory, encompassing residential, commercial, and other nonresidential urban land uses. In general, this territory consists of areas of high population density and urban land use resulting in a representation of the ""urban footprint."" There are two types of urban areas: urbanized areas (UAs) that contain 50,000 or more people and urban clusters (UCs) that contain at least 2,500 people, but fewer than 50,000 people (except in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam which each contain urban clusters with populations greater than 50,000). Each urban area is identified by a 5-character numeric census code that may contain leading zeroes. The primary legal divisions of most states are termed counties. In Louisiana, these divisions are known as parishes. In Alaska, which has no counties, the equivalent entities are the organized boroughs, city and boroughs, municipalities, and for the unorganized area, census areas. The latter are delineated cooperatively for statistical purposes by the State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and thus constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation. The District of Columbia and Guam have no primary divisions, and each area is considered an equivalent entity for purposes of data presentation. The Census Bureau treats the following entities as equivalents of counties for purposes of data presentation: Municipios in Puerto Rico, Districts and Islands in American Samoa, Municipalities in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The entire area of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas is covered by counties or equivalent entities. The generalized boundaries for counties and equivalent entities are as of January 1, 2010.

This Zipcode GIS Layer is a spatial dataset that outlines the boundaries of ZIP code areas across York County, Pennsylvania. This layer is used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to support mapping, analysis, and decision-making based on location. Each ZIP code area is represented as a shape on the map and includes basic information such as the ZIP code, city, and state. This data is useful for a wide range of applications including business planning, public services, marketing, transportation, and emergency response. The Zipcode GIS Layer allows users to visualize and analyze geographic patterns, such as population distribution, service coverage, and regional trends. It can be used on its own or combined with other spatial data for more detailed studies.

The 2016 cartographic boundary KMLs are simplified representations of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for small-scale thematic mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the intent to maintain the hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain the alignment of geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may not align with the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as nation-based files while others are available only as state-based files.

The records in this file allow users to map the parts of Urban Areas that overlap a particular county.

After each decennial census, the Census Bureau delineates urban areas that represent densely developed territory, encompassing residential, commercial, and other nonresidential urban land uses. In general, this territory consists of areas of high population density and urban land use resulting in a representation of the ""urban footprint."" There are two types of urban areas: urbanized areas (UAs) that contain 50,000 or more people and urban clusters (UCs) that contain at least 2,500 people, but fewer than 50,000 people (except in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam which each contain urban clusters with populations greater than 50,000). Each urban area is identified by a 5-character numeric census code that may contain leading zeroes.

The primary legal divisions of most states are termed counties. In Louisiana, these divisions are known as parishes. In Alaska, which has no counties, the equivalent entities are the organized boroughs, city and boroughs, municipalities, and for the unorganized area, census areas. The latter are delineated cooperatively for statistical purposes by the State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and thus constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation. The District of Columbia and Guam have no primary divisions, and each area is considered an equivalent entity for purposes of data presentation. The Census Bureau treats the following entities as equivalents of counties for purposes of data presentation: Municipios in Puerto Rico, Districts and Islands in American Samoa, Municipalities in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The entire area of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas is covered by counties or equivalent entities.

The generalized boundaries for counties and equivalent entities are as of January 1, 2010.

This Zipcode GIS Layer is a spatial dataset that outlines the boundaries of ZIP code areas across York County, Pennsylvania. This layer is used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to support mapping, analysis, and decision-making based on location. Each ZIP code area is represented as a shape on the map and includes basic information such as the ZIP code, city, and state. This data is useful for a wide range of applications including business planning, public services, marketing, transportation, and emergency response. The Zipcode GIS Layer allows users to visualize and analyze geographic patterns, such as population distribution, service coverage, and regional trends. It can be used on its own or combined with other spatial data for more detailed studies.

Aej-OldNew.txtMicrosatellite alleles for a comparison over timeAej-PA.txtMicrosatellite alleles for fine resolution analysis across Pennsylvania (allele sizes)Aej-PA2.txtMicrosatellite alleles for fine resolution analysis across Pennsylvania (for Phylip)

This map known as the "Zoning Ordinance Map" is part of "The Zoning Ordinance of the City of Bethlehem." This Ordinance is also known as "the Zoning Code" or as "Part 13" of the Codified Ordinances of the City of Bethlehem. The Zoning Ordinance of the City of Bethlehem is intended for regulating and restricting the height, location, size and use of buildings and/or land in the City of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, the areas to be occupied by buildings in proportion to the size of the lots upon which they stand: the size of yards and other open spaces appurtenant thereto and the density of population, and for these purposes establishing districts and boundaries, and other uses within such districts and boundaries and providing for the appointment of a Zoning Hearing Board, and setting forth the duties and functions of said Board and providing for administration, charges and enforcement of this Ordinance and providing penalties for violation thereof.The Bethlehem Zoning Map consists of maps accurately showing the boundaries of various zoning districts. The zoning map information may be maintained and updated using computer files. At least one paper copy of the official map is also maintained and available in the Zoning Office. The zoning map and all notations, references and data shown thereon are hereby incorporated by reference into this Zoning Ordinance and shall be as much a part of this Zoning Ordinance as if all were fully described herein.District Boundaries: Where uncertainty exists with respect to the boundaries between districts as shown on the Zoning Map, the following rules shall apply. (a) Where district boundaries are indicated as approximately coinciding with streets, alleys, waterways, or railroad rights-of-way, the center line of such features shall be construed to be such boundaries unless otherwise indicated on the Map. (b) Where district boundaries are indicated as approximately coinciding with lot lines that existed at the time of the adoption of the Zoning Map, they shall be construed as following such lot lines. (c) Where district boundaries do not coincide with a physical feature or lot line, and are not fixed by dimensions on the Zoning Map or notes, the boundary shall be determined using a scale. GIS NAD, 1983 PA South State Plane Coordinator Systems Zone 3702. (d) All areas of the City which are under water and are now shown as included within any district shall be subject to all of the regulations of the district which immediately adjoins the water area. If the water area adjoins two (2) or more districts, the boundaries of each district shall be construed to extend into the water area in a straight line until they meet each other. (e) Where land area has become a part of the City by annexation, the same shall automatically be classed as being in the "R-R Residential" district until such classification shall have been changed by an amendment to the Zoning Ordinance as provided herein. (f) Whenever any street, alley, or other public right-of-way is vacated, the zoning district adjoining each side of such street, alley, or public right-of-way shall be automatically extended to the center of such vacation based on the GIS State Plane Coordinates the street centerline boundary. Classes of Districts: For the purposes of this Zoning Ordinance, the City is divided into the following zoning districts: CB Central Business DistrictCG General Commercial DistrictCL Limited Commercial DistrictCM Office - Research Center DistrictCM-LTN Landmark Conservation and Traditional Neighborhood Development Overlay DistrictCMU Mixed Use Commercial DistrictCS Shopping Center DistrictI Institutional DistrictI-O Institutional Overlay DistrictIN Industrial DistrictIN-O Industrial Overlay DistrictIR Industrial Redevelopment DistrictIR-R Industrial Redevelopment - Residential Option DistrictLI Light Industrial DistrictPI Planned Industrial DistrictR-RC Residential Retirement Complex DistrictRG Medium Density Residential DistrictRR Rural Residential DistrictRR-F Residential Overlay District - Friedensville RoadRR-T Residential Overlay District - Township Line RoadRS Single Family Residential DistrictRT High Density Residential DistrictRT-SH Student Housing Overlay District