The obligations by the Department of Defense (DOD) of the United States to the engineering services segment in the financial year ended in September 2024 amounted to 39.34 billion U.S. dollars. Meanwhile, the obligations of the DOD to the commercial and institutional construction segment amounted to 20.79 billion U.S. dollars.

U.S. spending on private construction continued to grow in 2024 and was over three times larger than construction spending in the public sector. Texas and California were at the top of the ranking when observing construction spending within the 50 U.S. states. According to a forecast, the value of U.S. construction put in place is expected to keep rising until 2025. Road construction spending: predicted to grow The value of road construction until 2026 was expected to reach the highest recorded values since 2005. However, data suggest that the United States still needs to catch up. When comparing infrastructure spending as share of GDP across various countries worldwide, the average spending of the United States was much lower than that of many other countries. How much have U.S. construction costs changed? Construction costs for housing varied significantly per city, with single-family homes in Honolulu, San Francisco and New York among the most expensive. During the past years, building costs grew in most of the U.S. big cities at a fast pace. Whilst there are many reasons why this occurred – supply and demand, or local zoning rules making it difficult to build – there is one that became especially noticeable in the past years: the prices of many important building materials went up significantly.

Building construction price indexes (BCPI), percent change, by type of building and construction division. Quarterly data are available from the first quarter of 1981. The table presents data for the most recent reference period and the last four periods. The base period for the index is (2023=100).

In 2024, approximately ***** thousand housing starts were initiated in Japan. This represented a decline of *** percent compared to the previous year. It was the second time since 1995 that the number of new dwellings started fell below *** thousand. Housing construction in Japan Both, the number of and floor area of new construction projects declined compared to 2023. Broken down by type of building, apartment construction starts exceeded the number of single-family home construction starts for the second time in the past decade. Looking at the number of construction starts by use, construction starts for single family homes for sale saw the sharpest decline, while construction starts for homes for rent remained the largest category. Housing stock in Japan Japan’s housing stock comprises more than ** million dwellings, with detached houses accounting for the largest number of occupied dwellings, followed by apartment buildings. As a result of the demographic development, the growing housing stock already exceeds the number of households, resulting in rising vacancy rates across the country. As of 2018, around ***** million dwellings were estimated to not meet the requirements of a new seismic code for buildings introduced in 1981, a share of around ** percent which the government aims to reduce to zero by 2025.

Governmental green public procurement (GPP) programs specify the emissions standards that products must meet to be purchased or funded by government. As a major buyer of many industrial infrastructure outputs, such as steel and cement, a government’s GPP program can create a large and lucrative lead market for green production technologies, encouraging scaling and driving down costs.

This dataset provides an overview of product and service categories where GPP can have the greatest policy, budget, and environmental impact. A UNEP survey of 41 countries published in 2017 found that priority categories are those that are often purchased centrally or for basic day-to-day operations, such as office information technology, office paper and stationery, vehicles, cleaning products and services, or furniture (UNEP 2017c). The second group of priorities are high cost categories related to building construction, including building equipment and materials and energy.

In 2024, the construction industry in China generated an output of over *********** yuan, representing an increase of more than ***percent from a decade ago. Stimulus from the real estate sector and government-funded projects With the liberalization of the housing market in the late 1990s, China's real estate industry enjoyed a 20-year boom since the early 2000s. Amidst the surge in housing prices, local governments across China received considerable non-tax revenue from land leases and in turn, invested the funds in infrastructure development projects. This led to the continuous prosperity of the country’s construction industry. A vital segment of China’s economy Thanks to the stimulus from housing developments and infrastructure projects, the construction industry is now one of the pillar industries of China's economy, accounting for around ***** percent of the country's GDP. However, with the recent difficulties experienced by many major real estate enterprises, and the stagnation in infrastructure construction owing to local governments' debt situation, China's construction sector faces a somewhat uncertain future.

As of 2017, the operating revenue of architectural and engineering activities in Saudi Arabia was over 2.9 billion U.S. dollars. The revenue has steadily increased in Saudi Arabia over the past decade.

Saudi Arabia’s revenue source The leading revenue-generating sector in Saudi Arabia is the oil sector with an over 68 percent share. The Saudi Arabian government intends to diversify its economy and increase the revenue share of other industry sectors with the reform program Vision 2030. Therefore, the construction sector is a leading investment field for the Saudi Arabian government. The reform programs led to the increase of the operating revenue of the construction of buildings as well as special construction projects.

Saudi Arabia’s spending on the construction industry

The Gulf Cooperation Council countries had significant investments in the construction of their infrastructure. Saudi Arabia leads in the region in terms of the investment value of construction in its infrastructure.

LA County government sets aside one percent of design and construction costs of new County buildings for the creation of civic artworks. This was expanded in 2021 to include building by private developers in unincorporated areas of the county. In addition, LA County government sometimes purchases or accessions artworks.The County’s Civic Art Collection belongs to all its residents and is comprised of historic and contemporary civic artworks located on County properties. Over 500 contemporary and historic permanent artworks are located across County owned property.Click here for more information about the Department of Arts and Culture's Civic Art division.DATA DICTIONARY Field Name Description

Artwork Title

Name of the artwork provided by the artist(s)

Primary Artist Main artist who produced the artwork

Additional Artist(s) Other named artists who contributed to the artwork

Facility Name Name of the facility or department where the artwork is located or housed

Location Street Address where the artwork is located or housed

County Department The tenant facility which provides basic maintenance and daily oversight of the artworks

Year Created Date when the project was completed or installed for commissioned and purchased artworks

Artwork Type Categorization that describes the artwork. Categories are created and assigned by the Department of Arts and Culture

This data set contains Help to Buy: Equity Loan statistics at parliamentary constituency level.

The figures cover the launch of the scheme on 1 April 2013 until 31 October 2014.

Figures have been attributed to an individual constituency by reconciling data against the ONS Postcode Directory (May 2014) where possible. Figures for some constituencies may be subject to revision later in the year.

. For sales before 31 March 2014, properties are included under the local authority district to which they were initially allocated. In some cases, this differs from latest information, which forms the basis of the first column of local authority district figures. Figures for some local authorities may be subject to revisions later in the year. Although local authority information is validated against other geographic data at the time of data entry, detailed reconciliation of the data, conducted twice a year, may result in a small number of changes to these monthly releases, for example where a new development crosses a local authority boundary.

An equity loan is Government financial assistance given to eligible applicants to purchase an eligible home through a Government equity mortgage secured on the home. The Government equity mortgage is ranked second in priority behind an owner’s main mortgage lender.

This scheme offers up to 20 per cent of the value as Government assistance to purchasers buying a new build home. The buyer must provide a cash deposit of at least 5 per cent and a main mortgage lender must provide a loan of at least 75 per cent.

The Government assistance to buy is made through an equity loan made by the Homes and Communities Agency (HCA) to the purchaser.

Help to Buy equity loans are only available on new build homes and the maximum purchase price is £600,000. Equity loan assistance for purchasers is paid via house builders registered with the HCA to participate in the Help to Buy equity loan initiative. The payment is made to builders (via solicitors) at purchaser legal completion.

The equity loan is provided without fees for the first five years of ownership.

The property title is held by the home owner who can therefore sell their home at any time and upon sale should provide the government the value of the same equity share of the property when it is sold.

For further information see
Help to Buy (equity loan) scheme monthly statistics.

The share of the Canadian population living in prefabricated houses has remained stable at approximately 1% over the past three decades, indicating consistent demand driven by stable consumer preferences and government policies. However, complex regulations, which vary between provinces and territories, have made mass standardization difficult. Additionally, challenges in appraising the value of prefabricated homes result in stricter lending criteria, further hindering adoption. Logistical issues posed by Canada's large geographical size also impede the widespread use of prefabricated homes, as transporting modules over long distances can be costly. The construction industry's existing infrastructure, heavily geared towards traditional methods, further complicates the transition to prefabrication without considerable investment. Despite these hurdles, technological advancements like Building Information Modeling (BIM), automation and robotics have improved efficiency and precision and reduced waste in prefabricated construction. Increased consumer interest in sustainable construction practices has also positively impacted the industry, as prefabricated homes generally produce less waste and use materials more efficiently. Overall, revenue in the prefabricated home manufacturing industry is estimated to climb at a CAGR of 5.4% to reach $3.8 billion in 2024, which includes a 1.7% increase in 2024 alone. The growth in the broader residential construction industry, driven by expected declines in mortgage rates and the Canadian government's ambitious plan to unlock 3.87 million new homes by 2031, is poised to positively impact demand for prefabricated houses. Innovations in customization, including Building Information Modeling (BIM) and 3D printing, will further enhance the appeal of prefabricated homes by allowing for personalized designs and energy-efficient features. Despite these advancements, Canada's share of the population living in prefabricated homes is expected to remain relatively flat, unlike countries such as Finland, Norway, Sweden, Japan and Germany, which have substantially higher market penetration. Canada's challenges include larger house sizes, transportation costs and a still-developing mass timber industry. The industry's outlook assumes stable input costs, though fluctuations in commodity prices and fuel costs could impact profitability. Industry revenue is expected to climb at a CAGR of 2.5% through 2029, reaching $4.3 billion by the end of the outlook period.

The production price index (PPI) for construction materials and components in the United States decreased slightly in 2024. Up until 2020, construction prices had been rising fairly steadily. However, in the years after that construction producer prices have been very unstable. Production price index A PPI of *** in 2022, indicates that the real-world price has risen by *** percent in comparison to the base year - 1982 in this case. Similarly, under the same baseline, the PPI for construction machinery and equipment has also risen steadily until 2018. Like all prices, there are regional differences within the United States. The PPI acts as a measurement for the average changes in prices that domestic producers receive for their output. In the United States, the PPI is one of the oldest continuous statistical datasets published by the government. Common construction materials Some building materials are essential to construction work, and the decision on which to use is important for the life and the endurance of the building. Materials such as cement, steel, and sand are essential to many construction projects. The production of cement is tightly linked to the demand that comes from the construction industry. The durability and potency of steel gives it an advantage over wood and concrete, providing buildings with a higher resistance but a cheaper price tag. Sand is commonly used in buildings, but it is especially common in roads that require stones of various grades and granulation.

As of the third quarter of 2024, the residential property price index in Greater Jakarta (locally known as Jabodetabek) increased by approximately 1.3 percent. This indicated a sharp decline following a period of continuous increases in the price index over the past few years. Indonesia’s housing market Indonesia is currently struggling with a housing backlog, reaching nearly 13 million units in 2023. This represented the number of Indonesian households who were supposed to own a house in the country. In response to this issue, the government has initiated the “One Million Houses” program (Program Sejuta Rumah), intending to build a million houses annually. Among other cities in Indonesia, Pontianak stood out with the highest house price growth as of the third quarter of 2024. The rising role of Greater Jakarta‘s satellite cities As Indonesia’s financial center, Jakarta outpaces other areas in terms of average land prices. For residential homes, the average land price is significantly higher than the land price in industrial areas in Jakarta. Greater Jakarta, home to about 30 million people, encompasses Jakarta and five satellite cities, including Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, South Tangerang, and Bekasi. As Jakarta lacks affordable housing and developed areas for landed houses, many residents are now starting to relocate to its satellite cities. This has also caused Jakarta to have a lower residential property sales rate compared to the other Greater Jakarta regions.

In 2020, ** percent of surveyed Republicans said that they were in favor of building a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border in order to try to stop illegal immigration. In comparison, ** percent of Independents and ** percent of Democrats opposed building a wall along the southern border.

Immigration figures

Building a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border to stop illegal immigration was a major promise of President Donald Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign. President Trump maintains that a wall would stop illegal immigration into the U.S., despite the fact that in 2016, the majority of undocumented migrant arrivals occurred by overstaying visas rather than passing unchecked through a border.

The 2019 government shutdown

At the end of 2018, President Trump demanded that Congress pass a federal appropriations bill including almost *** billion U.S. dollars in order to fund construction of a border wall, which Congress refused to do. This triggered a lapse in federal funding, causing the longest government shutdown in American history, at ** days long.

A 2022 survey revealed that more than **** of the households surveyed in the Philippines own the house and lot that they occupy. Meanwhile, less than *** percent live in a house rent-free without the consent of the owner of the lot. Characteristics of housing  According to the 2020 census, there were **** million houses in the Philippines, and most of them were in Region IV-A and the National Capital Region (NCR). This was perhaps unsurprising considering that these regions also have the highest population figures nationwide. Among the households occupying residential units, about ** percent were living in a single house, while *** percent occupied a condominium or a condotel, as reflected by a 2022 survey. The same survey also revealed that ** percent of households live in a house with a floor area between 10 and 29 square meters. Financing homeownership and renovations  There are several home financing options available in the Philippines, but the most common options are through banks or the Pag-IBIG housing loan. Home loans can be taken out to purchase residential units or properties, or for construction, renovations, and refinancing. In 2022, banks in the Philippines financed residential real estate loans amounting to *** trillion Philippine pesos. Nearly **** of residential property loans granted were for the purchase of single-detached and/or attached houses in the country. Meanwhile, the Pag-IBIG Fund – a government agency responsible for affordable shelter financing, released about *** billion Philippine pesos in home loans for its members in the same year.

What is the average price of residential property in the Netherlands? In the third quarter of 2024, a single-family home cost approximately 434,000 euros. There were large differences between the Dutch provinces, however. Single-family homes were most expensive in the central province of Utrecht with an average price of 731,000 euros, whereas a similar house in Groningen had an average price tag of 384,000 euros. Overall, the average price a private individual would pay when buying any type of existing residential property (such as single-family homes but also, for example, an apartment) was approximately 416,000 euros in 2023. Do the Dutch prefer to buy or to rent a house? The Netherlands had a slightly higher homeownership rate (the share of owner-occupied dwellings of all homes) in 2023 than other countries in Northwestern Europe. About 70 percent of all Dutch houses were owned, whereas this percentage was lower in Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. This is an effect of past developments: the price to rent ratio (the development of the nominal purchase price of a house divided by the annual rent of a similar place with 2015 as a base year) shows that the gap between house prices and rents has continuously widened in recent years. Despite a slight decline in the ratio due to slowing house price growth and accelerating rental growth, in 2023, the cost of buying a home had grown significantly faster relative to the cost of renting. Mortgages in the Netherlands Additionally, the Netherlands has one of the highest mortgage debts among private individuals in Europe. In 2024, total debt exceeded 839 billion euros. This has a political background, as the Dutch tax system allowed homeowners for many years to deduct interest paid on mortgage from pre-tax income for a maximum period of thirty years, essentially allowing for income support for homeowners. In the Netherlands, this system is known as hypotheekrenteaftrek. Note that since 2014, the Dutch government is slowly scaling this down, with a planned acceleration from 2020 onwards.

In 2018, around ************* housing units in Japan were estimated not to be earthquake-proof, accounting for about ** percent of the total stock of dwellings. The government set the goal of reducing the share of stock without earthquake resistance to almost zero by 2025.