It was estimated that in the period 2016-2019, around 81 percent of children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years who had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the state of Nebraska were currently taking medication for ADHD. This statistic shows the percentage of children and adolescents in the United States with ADHD who were currently taking medication for the disorder as of 2016-2019, by state.

In the 2014 and 2015 fiscal years, 89.8 percent of Medicaid-enrolled 3 to 21 year-olds in Massachusetts who were taking an ADHD medication did not receive behavioral therapy. In comparison, the U.S. national average for Medicaid-enrolled children on ADHD medication but not in behavioral therapy was 45.1 percent. This statistic shows the percentage of Medicaid-enrolled children on ADHD medication who did not receive behavioral therapy in the U.S. in the 2014 and 2015 fiscal years, by state.

From 2010 to 2017, the proportion of children diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S. who were treated with medication only decreased from 56 percent to 49 percent. In comparison, the percentage of children treated using only behavioral therapy methods increased from 8 to 12 percent during these years. This statistic shows ADHD medication and behavioral therapy treatment trends in the U.S. in 2010 and 2017.

It was estimated that in the period 2016-2019, around 92 percent of children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years who had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the state of Nebraska received treatment in the form of medication and/or behavioral therapy. This statistic shows the percentage of children and adolescents in the United States with ADHD who received any treatment for the disorder, as of 2016-2019, by state.

This statistic shows the Top 5 ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) stimulant medications abused as 'study drugs' by U.S. high school students in 2011. In that year, the medication Adderall XR - manufactured by Shire since 2001 - was one of the most abused drugs among high school students in the United States. Adderall XR was prescribed some 1.6 million times for children with ADHD between 10 and 19 years of age.

This statistic shows the percentage of children in the U.S. with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from 1997 to 2018. In 2018, around 9.8 percent of children in the U.S. had been diagnosed with ADHD, compared to 5.5 percent in 1997.

At-home adverse event descriptions, severity, and relationship to intervention for the ADHD and non-ADHD groups.

As of 2018, around 58 percent of children and adolescents in the United States with ADHD took prescription medications for at least 3 months. This statistic illustrates the percentage of children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years with ADHD in the United States as of 2018 with special needs.

From 2020 to 2022, around 11 percent of boys in the United States aged 5 to 11 years had ADHD, compared to six percent of girls at this age. This statistic displays the percentage of children in the U.S. aged 5 to 17 years who had ever been told by a doctor or health professional they had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from 2020 to 2022, by gender and age.

Developmental language disorder occurs in 5 to 8% of all mono- or multilingual preschool children (Calder et al., 2022; Norbury et al., 2016; Tomblin et al., 1997; Wu et al., 2023), thus is more common than attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. In addition, 2 to 3% have communication and language disorders associated with intellectual disability, autism or other developmental disabilities (Norbury et al., 2016). Furthermore, these conditions rarely occur in isolation and overlap between them is very common (Gillberg, 2010; Fernell & Gillberg, 2023). For example, all children with autism have communication/ social interaction disorders as a core feature and approximately 50 per cent have co-existing language disorders (Kjellmer et al., 2018). In addition, children with ADHD have language disorders 3 times as often as children without ADHD, affecting functional communication (Redmond, 2016; Korrel et al., 2017).

Previous research on how children diagnosed with developmental language disorder (DLD) fare when they grow up rests entirely on clinical cases. Longitudinal follow-ups of population-representative cohorts are still warranted and are completely lacking in Sweden. Those that exist are based on clinical groups, not population-representative groups followed as systematically as in the current project. One Swedish example of a clinical follow-up of children with severe DLD (~2% of all children), who attended special language preschools, where Speech and Language Pathologists work together with pedagogical staff in daily activities was studied by Ek et al., 2012. A follow-up of 25 children as teenagers was performed. Parents of 23 teenagers participated in a clinical interview that requested information on the child’s current academic achievement, type of school, previous clinical assessments, and developmental diagnoses. Fifteen children participated in a speech and language assessment, and 13 participated in a cognitive assessment. Results: Seven of the 23 teenagers had a mild intellectual disability, and another three had borderline intellectual functioning. Nine had symptoms of disorders on the autism spectrum; five of these had an autism spectrum disorder, and four had clear autistic traits. Six met the criteria for ADHD)/subthreshold ADHD. Thirteen of 15 teenagers had a moderate or severe language disorder, and 13 of 15 had a moderate or severe reading disorder. Overlapping disorders were frequent. None of the individuals who underwent the clinical evaluation were free from developmental problems. Thus, many children with speech and language disorders at preschool age had persistent language problems and/or met the criteria for developmental diagnoses other than speech and language impairment at their follow-up as teenagers.

The main aim of the current project, which is a longitudinal cohort study with registry-based follow-up, is to follow up the child cohort of children who participated in the lead researcher's previous thesis project (Miniscalco, 2007) after population screening at Child Health Services (CHS) (In Swedish BVC) at the age of 2.5 years. In an experimental study, 25 children with a positive language screening result (=developmental language disorder) and 80 children who had a negative language screening result (= typical language development) were recruited (Miniscalco, 2007). These children were matched on age and CHS centre. The CHS nurse referred 3 controls (i.e. negative screen children) to every child with a positive screen result, to create blindness when the speech and language pathologist examined the children within three months after the language screening.

All children then participated in the 4-year visit at CHS including language and general developmental screening. At age 6 years all children were invited to a new language examination and 99 participated, 22 from the DLD group and 77 from the typical developing group. Children in the DLD group were invited to a multidisciplinary assessment and 21 of them participated at age 7-8 years of age.

These young adults are now (2024) almost 30 years old, born in 1995-96. The follow-up will focus on how these individuals who were carefully examined as children (at 2.5 years, 4 years, 6 years and 7-8 years) fared in terms of 1) results from the 4-year visit to the CHS, 2) eligibility for upper secondary school, 3) ICD-10 diagnoses in open and closed specialist care, 4) psychiatric medication, 5) employment and 6) social benefits/financial support. The project is mainly based on routinely collected register data from national authority registers.

The project is also motivated by the fact that a diagnosis of language disorder in Sweden is established by speech and language pathologists and is therefore not reported in the National Board of Health and Welfare's patient register PAR, except in exceptional cases, where there are only diagnoses as doctors in specialized outpatient or inpatient care registers. This means that the prevalence of language disorder cannot be captured via registers and that there is therefore still a great need for more knowledge about what it is like to grow up with DLD.

Around 1.8 percent of all respondents in grades 8, 10, and 12 in 2023 stated that they used Adderall within that year. Adderall is often used to treat ADHD and is a central nervous system stimulant. This statistic shows the annual prevalence of use of Adderall for grades 8, 10, and 12 combined from 2009 to 2023.

Over the college students in the U.S. surveyed in 2023 who reported using prescription stimulants, about 21.7 percent had taken a higher than prescribed dose in the past three months. This statistic shows the percentage of college students in the U.S. who reported overusing their prescription stimulant in the past three months, as of fall 2023.

In the 2014 and 2015 fiscal years, 84.7 percent of 3 to 21 year-olds in Virginia who were enrolled in Medicaid and prescribed a new ADHD medication did not receive the recommended 30-day follow-up visit. In the U.S., the national average for Medicaid-enrolled children who did not receive 30-day follow-up care was just over 59 percent. This statistic shows the percentage of Medicaid-enrolled children who did not receive follow-up within 30 days after a new ADHD prescription in the U.S. in the 2014 and 2015 fiscal years, by state.

From 2020 to 2022, around 11 percent of Black children in the United States aged 5 to 17 years had ADHD. This statistic displays the percentage of children in the U.S. aged 5 to 17 years who had ever been told by a doctor or health professional they had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from 2020 to 2022, by race and ethnicity.

From 2020 to 2022, around 18 percent of children in the United States aged 12 to 17 years with a family income less than 100 percent the federal poverty level (FPL) had ADHD, compared to 13 percent of children at this age who were from households with a family income of 200 percent of the FPL or more. This statistic displays the percentage of children in the U.S. aged 5 to 17 years who had ever been told by a doctor or health professional they had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from 2020 to 2022, by age and family income.

In 2016-2018, around 12.8 percent of non-Hispanic black children in the U.S. aged 3-10 years were diagnosed with ADHD or a learning disability. The statistic illustrates the prevalence of children aged 3-17 years old diagnosed with ADHD or a learning disability in the U.S., by age and ethnicity.

From 2020 to 2022, around 11 percent of children in the United States aged 5 to 17 years had ADHD. This statistic displays the percentage of children in the U.S. aged 5 to 17 years who had ever been told by a doctor or health professional they had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from 2020 to 2022, by gender.

It was estimated that in the period 2016-2019, around 14 percent of children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years in the state of Louisiana had current attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This statistic shows the percentage of children and adolescents in the United States who currently had ADHD as of 2016-2019, by state.

From 2020 to 2022, around 13 percent of children in the United States aged 12 to 17 years with private heath insurance had ADHD, compared to seven percent of children at this age who did not have health insurance. This statistic displays the percentage of children in the U.S. aged 5 to 17 years who had ever been told by a doctor or health professional they had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from 2020 to 2022, by age and health insurance coverage.

This statistic displays the percentage of children in the U.S. aged 3 to 17 years who had been told by a doctor or health professional they had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as of 2018, by region. In that year, 10.2 percent of children in the Midwest had ADHD.