In 2022, about 19.22 million children in the United States lived with one parent. A further 51.45 million children lived with two parents in that year.

Detailed figures for children living with either a mother or a father only can be found here. The figures for children living with other relatives or non-relatives have been added up for the "No parents" column.

This map shows the percent of children who have no residential parent in the civilian labor force - neither working nor actively looking for work. For children living with one parent, this means that residential parent is not in the civilian labor force. For children living with two parents, this means that neither parent is in the civilian labor force. "Children" include biological, step, and adopted children under 18 years who are living with at least one parent (children living in group homes, juvenile halls, or other institutional facilities, as well as teens living in dorms, on their own, with roommates, or unmarried partners are not included in these percentages). Children whose parents are not in the labor force are at risk, as family economic security and child well-being are closely linked. Children who face economic hardship and prolonged poverty are at risk for poor outcomes in terms of physical and emotional health, education, and even adult employment. This map shows where to bolster opportunities to improve family economic security, either through opportunities linked to employment (Earned Income Tax Credit expansions, minimum wage increases, etc.), through safety net programs (nutritional programs such as WIC and SNAP, health care programs, etc.), or a combination of both.Map opens at tract-level in Kansas City. Use the bookmarks or the search bar to explore other cities. County- and state-level data display when zoomed out. This map uses these hosted feature layers containing the most recent American Community Survey data. These layers are part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas, and are updated every year when the American Community Survey releases new estimates, so values in the map always reflect the newest data available.

In 2018, about 52.5 percent of children in Ghana were living in households with both their parents present, while 16.6 percent were living with neither one of their biological parents. Furthermore, while 26 percent of them lived with their mother only, 4.6 percent lived with their father alone.

Abstract

Moldova's first Demographic and Health Survey (2005 MDHS) is a nationally representative sample survey of 7,440 women age 15-49 and 2,508 men age 15-59 selected from 400 sample points (clusters) throughout Moldova (excluding the Transnistria region). It is designed to provide data to monitor the population and health situation in Moldova; it includes several indicators which follow up on those from the 1997 Moldova Reproductive Health Survey (1997 MRHS) and the 2000 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2000 MICS). The 2005 MDHS used a two-stage sample based on the 2004 Population and Housing Census and was designed to produce separate estimates for key indicators for each of the major regions in Moldova, including the North, Center, and South regions and Chisinau Municipality. Unlike the 1997 MRHS and the 2000 MICS surveys, the 2005 MDHS did not cover the region of Transnistria. Data collection took place over a two-month period, from June 13 to August 18, 2005.

The survey obtained detailed information on fertility levels, abortion levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of women and young children, childhood mortality, maternal and child health, adult health, and awareness and behavior regarding HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Hemoglobin testing was conducted on women and children to detect the presence of anemia. Additional features of the 2005 MDHS include the collection of information on international emigration, language preference for reading printed media, and domestic violence. The 2005 MDHS was carried out by the National Scientific and Applied Center for Preventive Medicine, hereafter called the National Center for Preventive Medicine (NCPM), of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection. ORC Macro provided technical assistance for the MDHS through the USAID-funded MEASURE DHS project. Local costs of the survey were also supported by USAID, with additional funds from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and in-kind contributions from the NCPM.

MAIN RESULTS

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS

Ethnicity and Religion. Most women and men in Moldova are of Moldovan ethnicity (77 percent and 76 percent, respectively), followed by Ukrainian (8-9 percent of women and men), Russian (6 percent of women and men), and Gagauzan (4-5 percent of women and men). Romanian and Bulgarian ethnicities account for 2 to 3 percent of women and men. The overwhelming majority of Moldovans, about 95 percent, report Orthodox Christianity as their religion.

Residence and Age. The majority of respondents, about 58 percent, live in rural areas. For both sexes, there are proportionally more respondents in age groups 15-19 and 45-49 (and also 45-54 for men), whereas the proportion of respondents in age groups 25-44 is relatively lower. This U-shaped age distribution reflects the aging baby boom cohort following World War II (the youngest of the baby boomers are now in their mid-40s), and their children who are now mostly in their teens and 20s. The smaller proportion of men and women in the middle age groups reflects the smaller cohorts following the baby boom generation and those preceding the generation of baby boomers' children. To some degree, it also reflects the disproportionately higher emigration of the working-age population.

Education. Women and men in Moldova are universally well educated, with virtually 100 percent having at least some secondary or higher education; 79 percent of women and 83 percent of men have only a secondary or secondary special education, and the remainder pursues a higher education. More women (21 percent) than men (16 percent) pursue higher education.

Language Preference. Among women, preferences for language of reading material are about equal for Moldovan (37 percent) and Russian (35 percent) languages. Among men, preference for Russian (39 percent) is higher than for Moldovan (25 percent). A substantial percentage of women and men prefer Moldovan and Russian equally (27 percent of women and 32 percent of men).

Living Conditions. Access to electricity is almost universal for households in Moldova. Ninety percent of the population has access to safe drinking water, with 86 percent in rural areas and 96 percent in urban areas. Seventy-seven percent of households in Moldova have adequate means of sanitary disposal, with 91 percent of households in urban areas and only 67 percent in rural areas.

Children's Living Arrangements. Compared with other countries in the region, Moldova has the highest proportion of children who do not live with their mother and/or father. Only about two-thirds (69 percent) of children under age 15 live with both parents. Fifteen percent live with just their mother although their father is alive, 5 percent live with just their father although their mother is alive, and 7 percent live with neither parent although they are both alive. Compared with living arrangements of children in 2000, the situation appears to have worsened.

FERTILITY

Fertility Levels and Trends. The total fertility rate (TFR) in Moldova is 1.7 births. This means that, on average, a woman in Moldova will give birth to 1.7 children by the end of her reproductive period. Overall, fertility rates have declined since independence in 1991. However, data indicate that fertility rates may have increased in recent years. For example, women of childbearing age have given birth to, on average, 1.4 children at the end of their childbearing years. This is slightly less than the total fertility rate (1.7), with the difference indicating that fertility in the past three years is slightly higher than the accumulation of births over the past 30 years.

Fertility Differentials. The TFR for rural areas (1.8 births) is higher than that for urban areas (1.5 births). Results show that this urban-rural difference in childbearing rates can be attributed almost exclusively to younger age groups.

CONTRACEPTION

Knowledge of Contraception. Knowledge of family planning is nearly universal, with 99 percent of all women age 15-49 knowing at least one modern method of family planning. Among all women, the male condom, IUD, pills, and withdrawal are the most widely known methods of family planning, with over 80 percent of all women saying they have heard of these methods. Female sterilization is known by two-thirds of women, while periodic abstinence (rhythm method) is recognized by almost six in ten women. Just over half of women have heard of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM), while 40-50 percent of all women have heard of injectables, male sterilization, and foam/jelly. The least widely known methods are emergency contraception, diaphragm, and implants.

Use of Contraception. Sixty-eight percent of currently married women are using a family planning method to delay or stop childbearing. Most are using a modern method (44 percent of married women), while 24 percent use a traditional method of contraception. The IUD is the most widely used of the modern methods, being used by 25 percent of married women. The next most widely used method is withdrawal, used by 20 percent of married women. Male condoms are used by about 7 percent of women, especially younger women. Five percent of married women have been sterilized and 4 percent each are using the pill and periodic abstinence (rhythm method). The results show that Moldovan women are adopting family planning at lower parities (i.e., when they have fewer children) than in the past. Among younger women (age 20-24), almost half (49 percent) used contraception before having any children, compared with only 12 percent of women age 45-49.

MATERNAL HEALTH

Antenatal Care and Delivery Care. Among women with a birth in the five years preceding the survey, almost all reported seeing a health professional at least once for antenatal care during their last pregnancy; nine in ten reported 4 or more antenatal care visits. Seven in ten women had their first antenatal care visit in the first trimester. In addition, virtually all births were delivered by a health professional, in a health facility. Results also show that the vast majority of women have timely checkups after delivering; 89 percent of all women received a medical checkup within two days of the birth, and another 6 percent within six weeks.

CHILD HEALTH

Childhood Mortality. The infant mortality rate for the 5-year period preceding the survey is 13 deaths per 1,000 live births, meaning that about 1 in 76 infants dies before the first birthday. The under-five mortality rate is almost the same with 14 deaths per 1,000 births. The near parity of these rates indicates that most all early childhood deaths take place during the first year of life. Comparison with official estimates of IMRs suggests that this rate has been improving over the past decade.

NUTRITION

Breastfeeding Practices. Breastfeeding is nearly universal in Moldova: 97 percent of children are breastfed. However the duration of breast-feeding is not long, exclusive breastfeeding is not widely practiced, and bottle-feeding is not uncommon. In terms of the duration of breastfeeding, data show that by age 12-15 months, well over half of children (59 percent) are no longer being breastfed. By age 20-23 months, almost all children have been weaned.

Exclusive breastfeeding is not widely practiced and supplementary feeding begins early: 57 percent of breastfed children less than 4 months are exclusively breastfed, and 46 percent under six months are exclusively breastfeed. The remaining breastfed children also consume plain water, water-based liquids or juice, other milk in addition to breast milk, and complimentary foods. Bottle-feeding is fairly widespread in Moldova;

Résumé

At the World Summit for Children held in New York in 1990, the government of Popstan pledged itself to a Declaration and Plan of Action for Children. Subsequently, a National Programmed of Action for Children was developed and implemented. The Plan of Action also called for the establishment of mechanisms for monitoring progress toward the goals and objectives set for the year 2000. Toward this end, UNICEF has developed a core set of 75 indicators of specific aspects of the situation of children in coordination with other international organizations. A MICS survey was conducted in 1985 to measure progress at mid-decade. The 2000 Popstan MICS survey has been implemented to provide end-decade information on many of the indicators. Information on other indicators will be derived from the vital registration system and various disease monitoring systems.

The 2000 Popstan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a nationally representative survey of households, women, and children. The main objectives of the survey are to provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Popstan at the end of the decade and to furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established at the World Summit for Children and as a basis for future action.

Infant and Under Five Mortality - Distortions in the MICS data on deaths among children preclude obtaining estimates of very recent mortality rates. The data suggest that the infant mortality rate was 45 per 1000 and the under five mortality rate was 52 per 1000 around 1993.

Education - Eighty nine percent of children of primary school age in Popstan are attending primary school. School attendance in the South is significantly lower than in the rest of the country at 52 percent. At the national level, there is virtually no difference between male and female primary school attendance. - More than two thirds of children who enter the first grade of primary school eventually reach grade five.
- The vast majority (88 percent) of the population over age 15 years is literate. The percentage literate declines from 93 percent among those aged 15-34 to 65 percent among the population aged 65 and older.

Water and Sanitation - Eighty nine percent of the population has access to safe drinking water - 98 percent in urban areas and 78 percent in rural areas. The situation in the South is considerably worse than in other regions; only 31 percent of the population in this region gets its drinking water from a safe source.
- Ninety two percent of the population of Popstan is living in households with sanitary means of excreta disposal.

Child Malnutrition - Nine percent of children under age five in Popstan are underweight or too thin for their age. Thirteen percent of children are stunted or too short for their age and three percent are wasted or too thin for their height.
- Children whose mothers have secondary or higher education are the least likely to be underweight and stunted compared to children of mothers with less education.

Breastfeeding Approximately 12 percent of children aged under four months are exclusively breastfed, a level considerably lower than recommended. At age 6-9 months, 25 percent of children are receiving breast milk and solid or semi-solid foods. By age 20-23 months, only 12 percent are continuing to breastfeed.

Salt Iodization - Seventy eight percent of households in Popstan have adequately iodized salt. The percentage of households with adequately iodized salt ranges from 57 percent in the South to 89 percent in the Central region.

Vitamin A Supplementation - Within the six months prior to the MICS, 14 percent of children aged 6-59 months received a high dose Vitamin A supplement. Approximately 6 percent did not receive a supplement in the last 6 months but did receive one prior to that time. - The mother's level of education is related to the likelihood of Vitamin A supplementation. The percentage receiving a supplement in the last six months increases from six percent among children whose mothers have no education to 16 percent among children of mothers with secondary or higher education.
- Only about 12 percent of mothers with a birth in the year before the MICS received a Vitamin A supplement within eight weeks of the birth

Low Birth weight - Approximately 12 percent of infants are estimated to weigh less than 2500 grams at birth. This percentage is somewhat higher than the average for countries in the region.

Immunization Coverage - Eighty seven percent of children aged 12-23 months received a BCG vaccination by the age of 12 months and the first dose of DPT was given to 84 percent. The percentage declines for subsequent doses of DPT to 79 percent for the second dose, and 75 percent for the third dose. - Similarly, 87 percent of children received Polio 1 by age 12 months and this declines to 83 percent by the third dose.
- The coverage for measles vaccine is lower than for the other vaccines at 24 percent, primarily because only about 40 percent of children get the vaccine before their first birthday.
- Slightly over half of children had all eight recommended vaccinations in the first 12 months of life. - Male and female children are vaccinated at roughly the same rate. - Vaccination coverage is highest among children whose mothers have secondary or higher education. The education differences are greatest for the third doses of DPT and Polio, suggesting that drop out rates are higher among children with less educated mothers.

Diarrhea - Approximately six in ten children with diarrhea received one or more of the recommended home treatments (i.e., were treated with ORS or RHF). - Only 25 percent of children with diarrhea received increased fluids and continued eating as recommended.

Acute Respiratory Infection - Four percent of under five children had an acute respiratory infection in the two weeks prior to the survey. Approximately 56 percent of these children were taken to an appropriate health provider.

IMCI Initiative - Among under five children who were reported to have had diarrhea or some other illness in the two weeks preceding the MICS, 16 percent received increased fluids and continued eating as recommended under the IMCI programmed. - Seventeen percent of mothers know at least two of the signs that a child should be taken immediately to a health facility.

Malaria - In the areas of Popstan with the highest level of malaria risk, 72 percent of under five children slept under a bednet the night prior to the survey interview. However, only about five percent of the bednets used are impregnated with insecticide. - Approximately 56 percent of children with a fever in the two weeks prior to the MICS interview were given Paracetamol to treat the fever and 53 percent were given Chloroquine while less than 1 percent were given Fansidar. A relatively large percentage of children (25 percent) were given some other medicine.

HIV/AIDS - Thirty seven percent of women aged 15-49 know all three of the main ways to prevent HIV transmission - having only one uninfected sex partner, using a condom every time, and abstaining from sex. - Thirty nine percent of women correctly identified three misconceptions about HIV transmission - that HIV can be transmitted through supernatural means, that it can be transmitted through mosquito bites, and that a healthy looking person cannot be infected. - Sixty percent of women of reproductive age in [Country] know a place to get tested for AIDS and about 12 percent have been tested.
- The percentage of women who have sufficient knowledge of HIV transmission and the percentage who know where to get tested for HIV increases dramatically with the level of education.

Contraception - Current use of contraception was reported by 45 percent of married or in union women. The most popular method is the pill which is used by one in four married women followed by female sterilization, which accounts for 10 percent of married women.

Prenatal Care - Three out of four women with recent births in [Country] are protected against neonatal tetanus. The vast majority of these women received two or more doses of tetanus toxoid within the last three years. - Virtually all women in Popstan receive some type of prenatal care and 75 percent receive antenatal care from skilled personnel (doctor, nurse, midwife).

Assistance at Delivery - A doctor, nurse, or midwife delivered about 77 percent of births occurring in the year prior to the MICS survey. This percentage is highest in the South Central region at 99 percent and lowest in the South at 21 percent.

Birth Registration - The births of 94 percent of children under five years in Popstan have been registered. There are no significant variations in birth registration across sex, age, or education categories.

Orphanhood and Living Arrangements of Children - Overall, 64 percent of children aged 0-14 are living with both parents. Children who are not living with a biological parent comprise 7 percent and children who have one or both parents dead amount to 4 percent of all children aged 0-14. - The situation of children in the South differs from that of other children. In the South, less than half of children live with both parents. Thirty six percent live with their mother only although their father is alive and a relatively large proportion (10 percent) are living with neither parent.

Child Labor - About two percent of children aged 5-14 years engage in paid work. About twice as many - 4 percent - participate in unpaid work for someone other than a household member. - Slightly more than half of children engage in domestic tasks, such as cooking, fetching water, and caring for other children, for less than four hours a days while 25 percent spend more than four hours a day on such tasks.

Geographic coverage

The sample was

In 2023, there were about 15.09 million children living with a single mother in the United States, and about 3.05 million children living with a single father. The number of children living with a single mother is down from its peak in 2012, and the number of children living with a single father is down from its peak in 2005.

Marriage and divorce in the United States

Despite popular opinion in the United States that “half of all marriages end in divorce,” the divorce rate in the U.S. has fallen significantly since 1992. The marriage rate, which has also been decreasing since the 1990s, was still higher than the divorce rate in 2021. Half of all marriages may not end in divorce, but it does seem that fewer people are choosing to get married in the first place.

New family structures

In addition to a falling marriage rate, fewer people in the U.S. have children under the age of 18 living in the house in comparison to 1970. Over the past decade, the share of families with children under 18, whether that be married couples or single parents, has stayed mostly steady, although the number of births in the U.S. has also fallen.

During a survey conducted in November 2021 among parents in the United Kingdom, a total of about 14 percent of the survey respondents stated that they live with children who follow a vegan diet. Among those, ten percent said that some of their children had either been raised or decided to go vegan, while four percent said that all the children in their household had either been raised or decided to go vegan. Moreover, almost 62 percent of the responding parents stated that their children were not vegan and that they had not expressed an interest in becoming vegan.

Abstract

The Ghana Child Labour Survey (GCLS) field data collection took place in January-February 2001, after two months of preparatory activities that included a pretest of instruments and methodology.

Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Household Population

The 9889 households interviewed contained 47,955 persons, with a sex ratio of 96.7. About one-fifth of the population is made up of household heads, while children constitute about a half (49.7%); children aged 5-17, in comparison, make up 35.5 percent of the population. The rural areas make up 60.3 percent of the population. Information collected on school attendance shows that nearly the same proportion of the sample population had never attended school (30.8%), as were those currently in school (34.4%) or had attended school in the past (34.8%). Marked disparities existed in school attendance at the regional level, with over 60 percent of the sample population in the three northern regions having never gone to school.

The economically active persons constituted 57.5 percent of the sample, the majority of whom were in agriculture/forestry/fishing (51.1%), followed by sales workers (16.9%). The pattern applied to all regions, except Greater Accra where sales workers predominated. Majority of the economically active population were self-employed, own account workers (54.7%), followed by unpaid family workers (29.8%). Over 90 percent of population worked in the informal sector.

Households in the country derive much of their income from self-employment in agricultural activities (49.1%); self-employment in non-agricultural activities accounts for 28.0 percent, while regular wage employment makes up 14.0 percent. With the exception of Greater Accra, agriculture is the major source of income for households in all the regions.

Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Children aged 5-17

The number of children aged 5-17 is estimated by the survey to be about 6.4 million (6,361,111). Children aged 5-9 years constitute 41.8 percent (2,657,258); the 10-14 age group is 39.5 percent (2,515,463) while the 15-17 age group is 18.7 percent (1,188,390). Males constitute 52.9 percent of the 5-17 age group; indeed, there are more boys than girls in each of the three age groups. Most of the children live in rural areas (62.3%).

Ashanti Region has the largest share (15.5%) of the children, followed by Northern (14.0%) and Greater Accra (11.7%). Variations in regional distribution of children (5-17) from the 2000 census are attributable mainly to differences in the average household sizes for the various regions. The predominant ethnic groups of the children are Akans (44.3%) and Mole-Dagbani (18.7%).

Over three quarters (76.5%) of the children are attending school, while 17.6 percent have never attended school. With the exception of the three northern regions, more than 80 percent of the children in all the other regions are attending school. Nearly half (46.5%) of the children in the Northern Region have never attended school. Slightly higher proportion of males in all regions are attending school, compared with females.

The three major reasons for children never attending school are affordability (44.2%), distance from school (18.4%) and lack of interest in schooling (17.1%). These reasons apply to both males and females.

The highest level of schooling attained by majority of the children is primary (56.1%), which is what is expected of the age group. The survey shows that only 2.0 percent of the children are receiving training, with males being in fitting/mechanics and carpentry and females in dress making, catering/bakery and hairdressing. About 20 percent of the children are neither schooling nor receiving any training.

Background information on parents indicates that neither death nor divorce/ separation of parents are significant factors for child labour. Virtually all the children (99.7%) reported that both parents were working. Majority of the parents were self-employed.

Activities of Children

Economic Activity

Information collected indicates that 2,474,545 children were engaged in usual economic activity, which is about 2 in every 5 children aged 5-17 years. Half of the rural children and about one fifth of the urban children were in economic activity. About 40 percent of working children (39.8%) worked for more than 6 months. More than a half of the children in Greater Accra, Central and Eastern regions worked for more than 6 months out of the year.

Estimates indicate that 1,590,765 children were attending school while working, which is 64.3 percent of children engaged in usual economic activity.

With respect to current economic activity, 31.3 percent (or 1,984,107) of the children aged 5-17 years were estimated to engage in economic activity during the 7 days preceding the interview; the proportion increased with age. A higher proportion of children in rural areas (39.7%) are more likely to engage in economic activity than urban children (17.6%).

About two-thirds of the children (68.7%) did no work; 80.5 percent of these were full-time students. Over 90 percent of children in urban areas did no work because they were attending school, compared to 71.7 percent in rural areas.

Nature and Conditions of Work

About 57 percent (1,128,072) of the working children were engaged in agriculture/forestry/fishing, while 21 percent worked as hawkers and street vendors, selling iced water, food and other items. Eleven percent engaged in general labourer work, such as washing of cars, fetching firewood and water, pushing trucks (males), and carrying goods as porters (mainly females). It is estimated that 1,338,794 of the working children were part-time workers. About a third were in full-time and permanent employment.

A significant proportion (88.0%) of the working children were unpaid family workers, and apprentices, while 5.9 percent were own-account workers (or self-employed). About 70 percent (68.7%) of the children worked between two and five hours a day.

Over a third of the children (36.7%) were paid daily, while 28.5 percent were on piece rate. Over 80 percent received payment themselves.

Most working children (60%) were satisfied with their jobs. Those who were not satisfied reported that their work was too tiring or wages and earnings were too low.

Non-economic activity

About 90 percent of the children engage in housekeeping activities on a regular basis. There are slight rural (92.0%) and urban (86%) and regional variations. On average, 73 percent of the children spend less than 3 hours a day on household chores. The older the child, the more time he/she spends on household chores. Only about one percent of the children spend more than 7 hours a day on household chores. Gender of the head of household does not affect children's involvement in household chores. Only about 5 percent of the children were reported by parents to have been idle, with the reason that either the child was too young to work or sick.

Health and Safety

According to parents, 29.4 percent of the children had suffered injuries, compared to 22.7 percent reported by the children themselves. More than half of the injuries occurred at home and were mostly cuts and wounds. About a quarter of the children who were injured at the work place worked in agriculture. The injuries, in a great number of cases (40.0%), were not serious and did not require any medical treatment, while 38.6 percent were treated and discharged.

Parents Perception and Preferences

According to parents of 93 percent of the children, child work is basically to contribute to the economic welfare of households; either to supplement household income (58.8%) or help in household enterprises (34.2%). Parents of 44 percent of the children reported that household living standards would fall and household enterprises could not operate in 21 percent of the cases, if the children did not work. About 30 percent of children did not need to work as household welfare would not be affected.

If parents had the choice they would prefer their children to be either schooling or in training and to complete their education. Most of the children themselves (70.3%) also preferred to go to school or complete their education before starting work. Parents' and children's preferences were thus different from what the children were actually doing. This suggests that some policy measure could help enroll and keep more children in the classroom as expected of their age group.

STREET CHILDREN SURVEY

Socio-Demographic Characteristics

Areas throughout the country, identified as sleeping places of street children, were purposely selected for the survey. A total of 2,314 street children were interviewed, out of whom 52.4 percent were females. The 15-17 age group constituted 50.1 percent of the total number. The highest proportion (56.6%) of the females was in the 10-14 age group, while that of the males (50.1%) was in the 15-17 age group. Greater Accra Region had the highest proportion (49.7%) of the street children, followed by Ashanti with 26.5 percent. Street children as a phenomenon, is virtually absent in the Upper West Region.

The street children were predominantly of Mole-Dagbani (40.2%) and Akan (32.2%) ethnic origins. Akans formed the greater proportion (53.4%) of male street children, while Mole-Dagbon made up 63.1 percent of the females. Only about 2 percent of the street children were married, with almost all of them being females.

School Attendance

A sizeable proportion of the street children (45.7%) had never attended school; only 11.2 percent (258) were attending school at the time of the survey. Of the 995 children who had attended school in the past, only 15.5 percent completed school. The rest had dropped out of school for one reason or the other, the major reason being the problem of affordability (60.9%). More than half

According to a survey conducted in 2024, 50 percent of parents who chose to send their youngest child to a private school in the United States said that a safe environment was the main reason why they chose this type of school, followed by 40 percent who cited academic quality or reputation as the main reason. In comparison, parents who sent their youngest child to a public school, either inside or outside their school district, were most likely to say that location was the main reason behind their choice of school, at 57 percent.

This layer shows children by age group by parents' labor force participation. This is shown by tract, county, and state boundaries. This service is updated annually to contain the most currently released American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year data, and contains estimates and margins of error. There are also additional calculated attributes related to this topic, which can be mapped or used within analysis. This layer is symbolized to show the percent of children with no available (residential) parent in the labor force. To see the full list of attributes available in this service, go to the "Data" tab, and choose "Fields" at the top right. Current Vintage: 2019-2023ACS Table(s): B23008 Data downloaded from: Census Bureau's API for American Community Survey Date of API call: December 12, 2024National Figures: data.census.govThe United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS):About the SurveyGeography & ACSTechnical DocumentationNews & UpdatesThis ready-to-use layer can be used within ArcGIS Pro, ArcGIS Online, its configurable apps, dashboards, Story Maps, custom apps, and mobile apps. Data can also be exported for offline workflows. For more information about ACS layers, visit the FAQ. Please cite the Census and ACS when using this data.Data Note from the Census:Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.Data Processing Notes:This layer is updated automatically when the most current vintage of ACS data is released each year, usually in December. The layer always contains the latest available ACS 5-year estimates. It is updated annually within days of the Census Bureau's release schedule. Click here to learn more about ACS data releases.Boundaries come from the US Census TIGER geodatabases, specifically, the National Sub-State Geography Database (named tlgdb_(year)_a_us_substategeo.gdb). Boundaries are updated at the same time as the data updates (annually), and the boundary vintage appropriately matches the data vintage as specified by the Census. These are Census boundaries with water and/or coastlines erased for cartographic and mapping purposes. For census tracts, the water cutouts are derived from a subset of the 2020 Areal Hydrography boundaries offered by TIGER. Water bodies and rivers which are 50 million square meters or larger (mid to large sized water bodies) are erased from the tract level boundaries, as well as additional important features. For state and county boundaries, the water and coastlines are derived from the coastlines of the 2023 500k TIGER Cartographic Boundary Shapefiles. These are erased to more accurately portray the coastlines and Great Lakes. The original AWATER and ALAND fields are still available as attributes within the data table (units are square meters).The States layer contains 52 records - all US states, Washington D.C., and Puerto RicoCensus tracts with no population that occur in areas of water, such as oceans, are removed from this data service (Census Tracts beginning with 99).Percentages and derived counts, and associated margins of error, are calculated values (that can be identified by the "_calc_" stub in the field name), and abide by the specifications defined by the American Community Survey.Field alias names were created based on the Table Shells file available from the American Community Survey Summary File Documentation page.Negative values (e.g., -4444...) have been set to null, with the exception of -5555... which has been set to zero. These negative values exist in the raw API data to indicate the following situations:The margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.Either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution, or in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.The estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate.The data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small.

According to a survey conducted in 2024, ** percent of parents with a child attending kindergarten up to the *** grade in the United States were either extremely concerned or very concerned about a violent intruder, like a mass shooter, entering their child's school.

This layer contains 2010-2014 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year data, and contains estimates and margins of error. The layer shows children by nativity of parents by age group. This is shown by tract, county, and state boundaries. There are also additional calculated attributes related to this topic, which can be mapped or used within analysis. This layer is symbolized to show the percentage of children who are in immigrant families (children who are foreign born or live with at least one parent who is foreign born). To see the full list of attributes available in this service, go to the "Data" tab, and choose "Fields" at the top right. Vintage: 2010-2014ACS Table(s): B05009 Data downloaded from: Census Bureau's API for American Community Survey Date of API call: November 11, 2020National Figures: data.census.govThe United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS):About the SurveyGeography & ACSTechnical DocumentationNews & UpdatesThis ready-to-use layer can be used within ArcGIS Pro, ArcGIS Online, its configurable apps, dashboards, Story Maps, custom apps, and mobile apps. Data can also be exported for offline workflows. For more information about ACS layers, visit the FAQ. Please cite the Census and ACS when using this data.Data Note from the Census:Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.Data Processing Notes:This layer has associated layers containing the most recent ACS data available by the U.S. Census Bureau. Click here to learn more about ACS data releases and click here for the associated boundaries layer. The reason this data is 5+ years different from the most recent vintage is due to the overlapping of survey years. It is recommended by the U.S. Census Bureau to compare non-overlapping datasets.Boundaries come from the US Census TIGER geodatabases. Boundary vintage (2014) appropriately matches the data vintage as specified by the Census. These are Census boundaries with water and/or coastlines clipped for cartographic purposes. For census tracts, the water cutouts are derived from a subset of the 2010 AWATER (Area Water) boundaries offered by TIGER. For state and county boundaries, the water and coastlines are derived from the coastlines of the 500k TIGER Cartographic Boundary Shapefiles. The original AWATER and ALAND fields are still available as attributes within the data table (units are square meters). The States layer contains 52 records - all US states, Washington D.C., and Puerto RicoCensus tracts with no population that occur in areas of water, such as oceans, are removed from this data service (Census Tracts beginning with 99).Percentages and derived counts, and associated margins of error, are calculated values (that can be identified by the "_calc_" stub in the field name), and abide by the specifications defined by the American Community Survey.Field alias names were created based on the Table Shells file available from the American Community Survey Summary File Documentation page.Negative values (e.g., -4444...) have been set to null, with the exception of -5555... which has been set to zero. These negative values exist in the raw API data to indicate the following situations:The margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.Either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution, or in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.The estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate.The data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small.

The 2006-07 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 9,804 women age 15-49 and 3,915 men age 15-49. The 2006-07 NDHS is the third comprehensive survey conducted in Namibia as part of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme. The data are intended to provide programme managers and policymakers with detailed information on levels and trends in fertility; nuptiality; sexual activity; fertility preferences; awareness and use of family planning methods; breastfeeding practices; nutritional status of mothers and young children; early childhood mortality, adult and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; and awareness and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. The 2006-07 NDHS is the first NDHS survey to collect information on malaria prevention and treatment. The 2006-07 NDHS has been a large-scale research project. Twenty-eight field teams interviewed about 9,200 households, 9,800 women and 3,900 men age 15-49. The interviews were conducted between November 2006 and March 2007. The survey covered about 500 primary sampling units in all regions. The 2006-07 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey is designed to: Determine key demographic rates, particularly fertility, under-five mortality, and adult mortality rates; Investigate the direct and indirect factors that determine the level and trends of fertility; Measure the level of contraceptive knowledge and practice among women and men by method; Determine immunisation coverage and prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and acute respiratory diseases among children under five; identify infant and young child feeding practices and assess the nutritional status of children age 6-59 months and women age 15-49 years; Assess knowledge and attitudes of women and men regarding sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS, and evaluate patterns of recent behaviour regarding condom use; Identify behaviours that protect or predispose people to HIV infection and examine social, economic, and cultural determinants of HIV; Determine the proportion of households with orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs); and Determine the proportion of households with sick people taken care of at household level. The 2006-07 NDHS is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). DHS surveys are designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health; assist countries in conducting periodic surveys to monitor changes in population, health, and nutrition; and provide an international database that can be used by researchers investigating topics related to population, health, and nutrition. MAIN RESULTS Fertility : The survey results show that Namibia has experienced a decline in fertility of almost two births over the past 15 years, with the fertility rate falling from 5.4 births per woman in 19901992 to 3.6 births in 2005-07. Family planning : Knowledge of family planning in Namibia has been nearly universal since 1992. In the 2006-07 NDHS, 98 percent of all women reported knowing about a contraceptive method. Male condoms, injectables, and the pill are the most widely known methods. Child health : Data from the 2006-07 NDHS indicate that the under-five mortality rate in Namibia is 69 deaths per 1,000 live births (based on the five-year period preceding the survey). Maternal health : In Namibia, almost all women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey received antenatal care from health professionals (95 percent): 16 percent from a doctor and 79 percent from a nurse or midwife. Only 4 percent of mothers did not receive any antenatal care. Breastfeeding and nutrition : Breastfeeding is common in Namibia, with 94 percent of children breastfed at some point during childhood. The median breastfeeding duration in Namibia is 16.8 months. Malaria: One in four households interviewed in the survey has at least one mosquito net, and most of these households have a net that has been treated at some time with an insecticide (20 percent). HIV/AIDS and STIS : Knowledge of HIV and AIDS is universal in Namibia; 99 percent of women age 15-49 and 99 percent of men age 15-49 have heard of AIDS. Orphans and vulnerable children : One-quarter of Namibian children under age 18 in the households sampled for the 2006-07 NDHS live with both parents, while one in three does not live with either parent. Seventeen percent of children under age 18 are orphaned, that is, one or both parents is dead. Access to health facilities : Households interviewed in the 2006-07 NDHS were asked to name the nearest government health facility, the mode of transport they would use to visit the facility, and how long it takes to get to the facility using the transport of choice.

This layer shows children by nativity of parents by age group. This is shown by tract, county, and state centroids. This service is updated annually to contain the most currently released American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year data, and contains estimates and margins of error. There are also additional calculated attributes related to this topic, which can be mapped or used within analysis. This layer is symbolized to show the count and percentage of children who are in immigrant families (children who are foreign born or live with at least one parent who is foreign born). To see the full list of attributes available in this service, go to the "Data" tab, and choose "Fields" at the top right. Current Vintage: 2019-2023ACS Table(s): B05009Data downloaded from: Census Bureau's API for American Community Survey Date of API call: December 12, 2024National Figures: data.census.govThe United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS):About the SurveyGeography & ACSTechnical DocumentationNews & UpdatesThis ready-to-use layer can be used within ArcGIS Pro, ArcGIS Online, its configurable apps, dashboards, Story Maps, custom apps, and mobile apps. Data can also be exported for offline workflows. For more information about ACS layers, visit the FAQ. Please cite the Census and ACS when using this data.Data Note from the Census:Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.Data Processing Notes:This layer is updated automatically when the most current vintage of ACS data is released each year, usually in December. The layer always contains the latest available ACS 5-year estimates. It is updated annually within days of the Census Bureau's release schedule. Click here to learn more about ACS data releases.Boundaries come from the US Census TIGER geodatabases, specifically, the National Sub-State Geography Database (named tlgdb_(year)_a_us_substategeo.gdb). Boundaries are updated at the same time as the data updates (annually), and the boundary vintage appropriately matches the data vintage as specified by the Census. These are Census boundaries with water and/or coastlines erased for cartographic and mapping purposes. For census tracts, the water cutouts are derived from a subset of the 2020 Areal Hydrography boundaries offered by TIGER. Water bodies and rivers which are 50 million square meters or larger (mid to large sized water bodies) are erased from the tract level boundaries, as well as additional important features. For state and county boundaries, the water and coastlines are derived from the coastlines of the 2023 500k TIGER Cartographic Boundary Shapefiles. These are erased to more accurately portray the coastlines and Great Lakes. The original AWATER and ALAND fields are still available as attributes within the data table (units are square meters). The States layer contains 52 records - all US states, Washington D.C., and Puerto RicoCensus tracts with no population that occur in areas of water, such as oceans, are removed from this data service (Census Tracts beginning with 99).Percentages and derived counts, and associated margins of error, are calculated values (that can be identified by the "_calc_" stub in the field name), and abide by the specifications defined by the American Community Survey.Field alias names were created based on the Table Shells file available from the American Community Survey Summary File Documentation page.Negative values (e.g., -4444...) have been set to null, with the exception of -5555... which has been set to zero. These negative values exist in the raw API data to indicate the following situations:The margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.Either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution, or in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.The estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate.The data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small.

Here you can find comparative information on children in criminal judicial proceedings - comparative information on legal counsel and representation for all the EU28 Member States on the basis of information collected from national and international databases. The data is available on e.g:

• Statutory provision on the right to legal representation at all stages of the proceedings;

• Existence of mandatory defence mechanism;

• Percentage of children who have waived their right to a lawyer;

• Statutory provision on the right of children (offender, victim and witness) to free legal aid;

• Percentage of children questioned by the police in the absence of either a parent/trusted person or lawyer present;

• System in place to assign automatic free legal aid to children, without conditions;

• Children involved in criminal proceedings who received free legal aid in a 12 month period.

Abstract

The 2006-07 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 9,804 women age 15-49 and 3,915 men age 15-49. The 2006-07 NDHS is the third comprehensive survey conducted in Namibia as part of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme. The data are intended to provide programme managers and policymakers with detailed information on levels and trends in fertility; nuptiality; sexual activity; fertility preferences; awareness and use of family planning methods; breastfeeding practices; nutritional status of mothers and young children; early childhood mortality, adult and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; and awareness and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. The 2006-07 NDHS is the first NDHS survey to collect information on malaria prevention and treatment.

The 2006-07 NDHS has been a large-scale research project. Twenty-eight field teams interviewed about 9,200 households, 9,800 women and 3,900 men age 15-49. The interviews were conducted between November 2006 and March 2007. The survey covered about 500 primary sampling units in all regions.

The 2006-07 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey is designed to: - Determine key demographic rates, particularly fertility, under-five mortality, and adult mortality rates; - Investigate the direct and indirect factors that determine the level and trends of fertility; - Measure the level of contraceptive knowledge and practice among women and men by method; - Determine immunisation coverage and prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and acute respiratory diseases among children under five; identify infant and young child feeding practices and assess the nutritional status of children age 6-59 months and women age 15-49 years; - Assess knowledge and attitudes of women and men regarding sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS, and evaluate patterns of recent behaviour regarding condom use; - Identify behaviours that protect or predispose people to HIV infection and examine social, economic, and cultural determinants of HIV;
- Determine the proportion of households with orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs); and - Determine the proportion of households with sick people taken care of at household level.

The 2006-07 NDHS is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). DHS surveys are designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health; assist countries in conducting periodic surveys to monitor changes in population, health, and nutrition; and provide an international database that can be used by researchers investigating topics related to population, health, and nutrition.

MAIN RESULTS

Fertility : The survey results show that Namibia has experienced a decline in fertility of almost two births over the past 15 years, with the fertility rate falling from 5.4 births per woman in 19901992 to 3.6 births in 2005-07.

Family planning : Knowledge of family planning in Namibia has been nearly universal since 1992. In the 2006-07 NDHS, 98 percent of all women reported knowing about a contraceptive method. Male condoms, injectables, and the pill are the most widely known methods.

Child health : Data from the 2006-07 NDHS indicate that the under-five mortality rate in Namibia is 69 deaths per 1,000 live births (based on the five-year period preceding the survey).

Maternal health : In Namibia, almost all women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey received antenatal care from health professionals (95 percent): 16 percent from a doctor and 79 percent from a nurse or midwife. Only 4 percent of mothers did not receive any antenatal care.

Breastfeeding and nutrition : Breastfeeding is common in Namibia, with 94 percent of children breastfed at some point during childhood. The median breastfeeding duration in Namibia is 16.8 months.

Malaria: One in four households interviewed in the survey has at least one mosquito net, and most of these households have a net that has been treated at some time with an insecticide (20 percent).

HIV/AIDS and STIS : Knowledge of HIV and AIDS is universal in Namibia; 99 percent of women age 15-49 and 99 percent of men age 15-49 have heard of AIDS.

Orphans and vulnerable children : One-quarter of Namibian children under age 18 in the households sampled for the 2006-07 NDHS live with both parents, while one in three does not live with either parent. Seventeen percent of children under age 18 are orphaned, that is, one or both parents is dead.

Access to health facilities : Households interviewed in the 2006-07 NDHS were asked to name the nearest government health facility, the mode of transport they would use to visit the facility, and how long it takes to get to the facility using the transport of choice.

Geographic coverage

The primary objective of the 200-07 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) is to provide estimates with acceptable precision for important population characteristics such as fertility, contraceptive prevalence, selected health indicators, and infant mortality rates for Namibia as a whole, urban and rural areas separately, and each of the 13 regions.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-59
• Children under five

Universe

The population covered by the 2006 NDHS is defined as the universe of all women age 15-49 in Namibia and all men age 15-54 living in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The primary objective of the 200-07 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) is to provide estimates with acceptable precision for important population characteristics such as fertility, contraceptive prevalence, selected health indicators, and infant mortality rates for Namibia as a whole, urban and rural areas separately, and each of the 13 regions.

SAMPLE FRAME

In 2001, the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) carried out a Housing and Population Census. Administratively, Namibia is divided into 13 regions. In turn, each region is subdivided into constituencies (107 in total). For the census taking, each administrative unit was sub-divided into enumeration areas (EAs), which is totally classified as urban or rural. A total of more than 4,000 EAs were demarcated for the census operation. Each EA comprised of about 100 households. For each EA, a sketch map was drawn. The sketch shows the EA boundaries, location of buildings, and other landmarks.

After the census, smaller EAs were merged with adjoining EAs and larger ones are split to form primary sampling units (PSUs) which are more or less uniform size. The list of PSUs is used as a sampling frame. Hence, a PSU can be an EA, part of an EA, or more than one EA. The total number of PSUs in the frame is about 3,750.

SAMPLE

A representative probability sample of 10,000 households was selected for the 2006-07 NDHS. The sample was selected in two stages with PSUs as the first stage and households as the second stage sampling units. A total of 500 PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size, the size being the number of households enumerated in the 2001 Population Census. The selection of the PSUs was a systematic, one-stage operation carried out independently for each of the 13 regions. In the second stage, a complete listing of households and mapping exercise was carried out for each PSU in November 2006 to January 2007. This exercise was carried out by field staff recruited for the 2006-07 Namibia Inter-Censal Demographic Survey (NIDS) and the NDHS. The NIDS was conducted by the CBS.

The list of households obtained was used as the frame for the second stage random selection of households. The listing excluded homeless people and people living in institutional households (army barracks, hospitals, police camps, boarding schools, etc.). In each PSU, 40 households were selected systematically and out of this sample 20 each were selected systematically for the NDHS and the NIDS, such that the two samples are independent. Although the two surveys were fielded at approximately the same time, in general the NIDS teams were ahead of the NDHS teams, allowing successful interviews with households selected for both surveys.

In clusters where the number of households was less than 40, some households were selected for both surveys and were visited by both NDHS and NIDS teams. In PSUs where the number of households was between 20 and 39, some households were visited by the NDHS and NIDS teams at different times. In PSUs with fewer than 20 households, all households were visited by both teams at different times.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

The 2006-07 NDHS used three questionnaires: the Household Questionnaire, the Women's Questionnaire (women age 15-49), and the Men's Questionnaire (men age 15-49). These field instruments were based on the model questionnaires developed for the DHS programme-and adapted to the situation and needs of Namibia-as well as the questionnaires used in the 2000 NDHS. The survey instruments included the expanded HIV/AIDS module developed to assist countries in obtaining UNAIDS core Monitoring & Evaluation indicators. During the adaptation of the questionnaires, input was sought from a variety of organisations that will be using the data. The completed questionnaires were translated from English into six local languages, namely Afrikaans, Damara/Nama, Oshiwambo, Otjiherero, Rukwangali, and Silozi.

a) The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to collect information on demographic and

A survey conducted in 2024 investigated which were the reasons that brought Italian parents not to be interested in vaccinating their children against human papillomavirus (HPV). According to data, almost 22 percent of the parents interviewed had neither vaccinated their children against HPV nor were interested in it. The main reason for this decision was related to the mistrust in vaccines.

In recent years, Americans have become less satisfied with the K-12 education system in the United States. While neither political party has ever been extremely satisfied with the quality of K-12 education in the United States, issues relating to K-12 schools have recently led to political controversy. From 2017 to 2020, Democrats and Republicans had similar satisfaction levels of around ** percent towards the U.S. education system. However, while Democrats reported little change in satisfaction towards education since 2020, Republican satisfaction decreased over this same time period, from ** percent in 2020 to ** percent by 2024. The political stance of parents Parents of K-12 students have been found to have widely different views on what their children should learn at school based on their political stance. For example, parents of K-12 students who identified as Republican were found more likely than Democrats to believe that public school teachers should be allowed to lead students in Christian prayers even if prayers from other religions are not offered, while 63 percent of surveyed Democratic parents believed that teachers should not be allowed to lead students in any type of prayers at all. In addition, parents of K-12 students had different views on how slavery should be taught to children in school, with the majority of Democratic parents believing that children should be taught that the legacy of slavery still affects the position of Black people in American society today while 66 percent of Republican parents said that children should be taught that slavery does not affect the position of Black people in American society today. Parents vs parents Along with the tendency to disagree on what children should learn at school, parents of K-12 parents also have different views on who should oversee what schools are teaching. In 2022, Republican parents were found much more likely to believe that their local school board has too much influence over what public K-12 schools are teaching in the United States while Democrats were more likely to believe that parents had too much influence. This increasing division between parents has partially been attributed to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, as children were deeply impacted by the pandemic’s effect on their education. Consequently, the impact of these effects, as many children were disrupted by online learning or illness, may have increased anxieties for parents on how their children are being taught in school and exacerbated polarization between parents with different ideologies.

Around 59 percent of surveyed parents in the UK either agreed or strongly agreed with the statement that their children are now more interested in cooking at home during lockdown in 2020. Just 11 percent disagreed with the statement.

A survey conducted in 2024 investigated which were the reasons that brought Italian parents to vaccinate their children against human papillomavirus (HPV). According to the data, around 16.4 percent of parents declared that their trust in prevention methods such as vaccines lead them either to vaccinate their children or to be interested in it. The awareness that the vaccine against HPV was a protection against some types of cancer was an important aspect for 19 percent of respondents. Overall, in 2024, around 78.5 percent of parents in Italy decided to vaccinate their children against HPV or were interested on it.