This statistic depicts the share of the U.S. population who suffered from schizophrenia from 1990 to 2019. As of 2019, around 0.47 percent of the population had schizophrenia.

This statistic depicts the share of the U.S. population that were diagnosed with schizophrenia from 1990 to 2019, by gender. As of 2019, around .46 percent of females and .48 percent of males had schizophrenia.

This statistic depicts the share of the population who suffered from schizophrenia worldwide from 1990 to 2019, by gender. As of 2019, around 0.28 percent of females and 0.32 percent of males had schizophrenia.

As of 2021, around 0.3 percent of the global population had schizophrenia. This statistic depicts the share of the population who suffered from schizophrenia worldwide from 1990 to 2021.

BackgroundPsychosis is known to have an adverse impact on an individual’s quality of life, social and occupational functioning. A lack of treatment options for psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia contributes to adverse outcomes for individuals. A significant proportion of people with psychosis consult both formal and traditional routes of care. This warrants a need to explore perceptions around treatment options provided by diverse care providers, as the identification of avenues for support can improve psychiatric, alternative treatment and social outcomes.MethodsFocus groups discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were used. Interactive Research and Development (IRD) research staff conducted 20 IDIs and 2 FGDs to obtain information about the perspectives, treatment pathways and experiences of individuals with psychosis, their caregivers, and service providers. Questions for clinician care providers and faith healers revolved around perceptions of psychosis, service users’ background, subject knowledge and treatment, feedback and referral mechanisms, and promotion of services. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the interviews and coding was conducted on NVivo.ResultsThe results were categorized into five themes: perception of psychosis, experience of seeking/receiving care, assessment and diagnosis methods, promotion of services, and living with psychosis. Across service providers and patients, there was a wide variety of causes attributed to psychosis, and an overall lack of awareness regarding severe mental health conditions from both formal and informal care-providers. Biomedical treatment received mixed reviews, while some reported it as beneficial, the limited number of institutes and clinicians to cater for patients, stigma within society and care providers, the burden of caregiving, and misinformation from faith healers were all significant barriers to treatment.ConclusionThe results highlight the use of traditional healing practices for psychosis in Pakistan, which, coupled with inadequate referral mechanisms, present an opportunity to bridge the treatment gap between clinical and traditional healing practices through integration of treatment within community structures and systems. Better awareness of psychosis and its treatment methods, alongside interventions that reduce stigma could help facilitate help-seeking behavior and reduce the burden of caregiving.

A study estimated that more than 5.5 million people in China were suffering from schizophrenia in 2019, representing a significant hike in case numbers of over 50 percent since 1990. Similar to depression patients, patients with schizophrenia are socially vulnerable, with a higher rate of suicide and self-harm, making the condition a burden to the patients' families, the health service, and the wider Chinese society.

The Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals Psychiatric Unit is a government referral hospital for psychiatry for all the provinces in Zimbabwe. The extent of occurrence of aggression was 11.1% for 2012 which is a cause for concern. In Ethiopia the prevalence of aggression in the community is 19.6% whereas in America 80.9% of aggression in schizophrenic patients . The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between knowledge level on self-care and occurrence of aggression in schizophrenic patients attending the Outpatients clinic at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals Psychiatric Unit in April/May 2013. Orem’s self-care conceptual model was used to guide the study particularly that the model emphasises on empowering the self-care agency. A descriptive correlational study design using a probability simple random sampling method was used to select a sample of 80 subjects from the Outpatient’s clinic attendances. A structured interview schedule was used to collect data. The instrument used had three sections, demographic, occurrence of aggression and knowledge on self-care data questionnaires. SPSS version 10 was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse demographic , occurrence of aggression data, knowledge on self care data. Inferential statistics were used analyse knowledge on self care. Sixty percent of the participants were aged between 25-45 years, (52.5%) were women, and (41.2%) were married. Though the majority (95%) had gone through formal education (90%) of these were from the lower socio-economic class . Fifty percent had 1-5 episodes of aggression. Pearson’s coefficient correlation showed a moderate negative correlation between knowledge level and occurrence of aggression (r= -.390, p< .01). Regression analysis of occurrence of aggression data indicated a moderate linear relationship R – Squared=0.16(F=0.159) at p<0.01 therefore only 16% of aggression is accounted for by level of knowledge on self care. Patients require more input from nurses on self care to reduce the occurrence of aggression.

This statistic shows the emergency department visit percentage of adult schizophrenia patients and all other patients in the U.S. by diagnosis, for the period 2009-2011. Around 33 percent of schizophrenia-related visits were admitted to the hospital and 16.7 percent of the patients were transferred to a psychiatric hospital.

Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, and heterogeneous mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the world population. Ongoing research aims at clustering schizophrenia heterogeneity into various “biotypes” to identify subgroups of individuals displaying homogeneous symptoms, etiopathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment response. The present study is in line with this approach and focuses on a biotype partly characterized by a specific membrane lipid composition. We have examined clinical and biological data of patients with stabilized schizophrenia, including the fatty acid content of their erythrocyte membranes, in particular the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Two groups of patients of similar size were identified: the DHA− group (N = 19) with a lower proportion of membrane DHA as compared to the norm in the general population, and the DHAn group (N = 18) with a normal proportion of DHA. Compared to DHAn, DHA− patients had a higher number of hospitalizations and a lower quality of life in terms of perceived health and physical health. They also exhibited significant higher interleukin-6 and cortisol blood levels. These results emphasize the importance of measuring membrane lipid and immunoinflammatory biomarkers in stabilized patients to identify a specific subgroup and optimize non-pharmacological interventions. It could also guide future research aimed at proposing specific pharmacological treatments.

Provide the first national description across the US of variations in healthcare measures in 2018 among Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia. Adult beneficiaries with ≥2 diagnoses for schizophrenia, and continuous enrollment with consistent geographical data in all of 2018 were identified from Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) data for 45 of 50 states. Antipsychotic (AP) utilization rates, including long-acting injectable APs (LAIs), quality metrics, and all-cause healthcare resource utilization and costs for claims submitted to Medicaid were reported nationally and by state. Pearson correlation evaluated associations between LAI utilization and total healthcare costs at state and county levels. Across the US 688,437 patients with schizophrenia were identified. The AP utilization rate was 51% (state range: 24–77%), while the LAI utilization rate was 13% (range: 4–26%). The proportion of patients adherent to any AP was 56% (range: 19–73%). Within 30 days post-discharge from an inpatient admission, 22% (range: 8–58%) of patients had an outpatient visit, and 12% (range: 4–48%) had a readmission. The proportion of patients with ≥1 inpatient admission and ≥1 emergency room visit was 34% (range: 19–82%) and 45% (range: 20–70%). Per-patient-per-year total healthcare costs averaged $32,920 (range: $717–$93,972). At the county level, a weak negative correlation was observed between LAI utilization and total healthcare costs. This study included Medicaid beneficiaries enrolled with pharmacy and medical benefits, including beneficiaries dually eligible for Medicare; results cannot be generalized to the overall schizophrenia population or those with other payer coverage. In 2018, half of beneficiaries with schizophrenia did not submit any claims for APs to Medicaid, nearly half had an emergency room visit, and one-third had an inpatient admission. Moreover, healthcare measures varied considerably across states. These findings may indicate unmet treatment needs for Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that poses a large health, social, and cost burden to patients and society. While treatment with antipsychotic medications can reduce the number of relapses and hospitalizations, many patients do not adhere to treatment, which can lead to poor symptom control and further use of healthcare services. Interestingly, these measures of schizophrenia care seem to vary across US states. Therefore, we ran the first study to describe the regional differences in antipsychotic use, measures of quality of care, healthcare use, and healthcare costs among Medicaid-insured patients across the US in 2018. Our results showed that only half of patients used antipsychotics in 2018 (with a range of 24–77% across states) and the proportion of patients adherent to antipsychotic treatment was low (range of 19–73%). Additionally, nearly half of all patients had an emergency room visit (range of 20–70%), and one-third had an inpatient admission (range of 19–82%). These findings highlight large variations in antipsychotic use, performance measures, and healthcare use, possibly due to regional differences in unmet needs in schizophrenia care for Medicaid-insured patients in the US. Since use of inpatient and emergency room services was consistently high in specific states or regions, and yearly healthcare costs per patient varied from $717–$93,972 (mean = $32,920), there may be a particularly high burden in certain areas of the country where patients with schizophrenia may potentially be experiencing multiple relapses. Further research is needed to identify policies that may help narrow these regional differences.

This is the first in a series of follow up reports to the Mental Health and Young People Survey (MHCYP) 2017, exploring the mental health of children and young people in July 2020, during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and changes since 2017. Experiences of family life, education and services, and worries and anxieties during the COVID-19 pandemic are also examined. The sample for the Mental Health Survey for Children and Young People, 2020 (MHCYP 2020), wave 1 follow up was based on 3,570 children and young people who took part in the MHCYP 2017 survey, with both surveys also drawing on information collected from parents. Cross-sectional analyses are presented, addressing two primary aims: Aim 1: Comparing mental health between 2017 and 2020 – the likelihood of a mental disorder has been assessed against completion of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in both years in Topic 1 by various demographics. Aim 2: Describing life during the COVID-19 pandemic - the report examines the circumstances and experiences of children and young people in July 2020 and the preceding months, covering: Family dynamics (Topic 2) Parent and child anxieties about COVID-19, and well-being (Topic 3) Access to education and health services (Topic 4) Changes in circumstances and activities (Topic 5) The data is broken down by gender and age bands of 5 to 10 year olds and 11 to 16 year olds for all categories, and 17 to 22 years old for certain categories, as well as by whether a child is unlikely to have a mental health disorder, possibly has a mental health disorder and probably has a mental health disorder. This study was funded by the Department of Health and Social Care, commissioned by NHS Digital, and carried out by the Office for National Statistics, the National Centre for Social Research, University of Cambridge and University of Exeter. Note: On 21 December 2020 the pdf was amended to ensure that Figure 5.6 was displaying the correct figures from the underlying data table.

In the fiscal year 2022-2023, around one percent of those aged 10 years and older in Canada suffered from schizophrenia. At that time, the prevalence of schizophrenia was highest in Nunavut. This statistic illustrates the prevalence of schizophrenia among those aged 10 years and older in Canada in 2022-2023, by province and territory.

Background. For many years, long-acting intramuscular (LAI) antipsychotics have been prescribed predominantly to chronic and severe patients, as a last resort when other treatments failed. Recently, a broader and earlier use of LAIs, particularly second-generation LAIs, has been emphasized. To date, few studies attempted to frame how this change in prescribing took place in real-world practice. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical features of patients prescribed with LAIs, and to explore possible prescribing differences between first- and second-generations LAIs under ordinary clinical practice in Italy. Methods. The STAR Network "Depot" Study is an observational, longitudinal, multicenter study involving 35 centers in Italy. In the cross-sectional phase, patients prescribed with LAIs were consecutively recruited and assessed over a period of 12 months. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. Results. Of the 451 recruited patients, 61% were males. The level of social and working functioning was heterogeneous, as was the severity of disease. Seventy-two per cent of the patients had a diagnosis of the schizophrenia spectrum. Seventy per cent was prescribed with second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) LAIs (mostly paliperidone, aripiprazole and risperidone). Compared to first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) LAIs, patients prescribed with SGA LAIs were more often younger; employed; with a diagnosis of the schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorder; with higher levels of affective symptoms; with fewer LAI prescriptions in the past. Discussion. LAIs' prescribing practices appear to be more flexible as compared to the past, although this change is mostly restricted to SGA LAIs.

In 2018, a total of 81,988 people received treatment for schizophrenia in Colombia, around 28.6 percent more than in the year before. In 2017, the number of psychiatrists practicing in the South American country amounted to more than one thousand.

In 2019, approximately 41.7 percent of British adults living with Huntington's disease were using cannabis illegally for medicinal purposes to help manage the symptoms of the disease. Furthermore, 41.2 percent of those surveyed with schizophrenia were also using cannabis for the purposes of helping to manage their condition and the associated symptoms. This data shows that despite the limited medical cannabis legalization in the UK, there are a substantial number of individuals suffering with medical conditions obtaining cannabis through different routes in an attempt to treat and manage their health problems.

In the fiscal year 2022-2023, around 1.35 percent of those aged between 50 and 64 years in Canada suffered from schizophrenia. At that time, the prevalence of schizophrenia was highest for this age group. This statistic illustrates the prevalence of schizophrenia in Canada in 2022-2023, by age group.

Activation of behavioural intentions experiment.

Background22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) represents one of the greatest known genetic risk factors for the development of psychotic illness, and is also associated with high rates of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in childhood. We performed integrated genomic analyses of 22q11DS to identify genes and pathways related to specific phenotypes.MethodsWe used a high-resolution aCGH array to precisely characterize deletion breakpoints. Using peripheral blood, we examined differential expression (DE) and networks of co-expressed genes related to phenotypic variation within 22q11DS patients. Whole-genome transcriptional profiling was performed using Illumina Human HT-12 microarrays. Data mining techniques were used to validate our results against independent samples of both peripheral blood and brain tissue from idiopathic psychosis and ASD cases.ResultsEighty-five percent of 22q11DS individuals (N = 39) carried the typical 3 Mb deletion, with significant variability in deletion characteristics in the remainder of the sample (N = 7). DE analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified expression changes related to psychotic symptoms in patients, including a module of co-expressed genes which was associated with psychosis in 22q11DS and involved in pathways associated with transcriptional regulation. This module was enriched for brain-expressed genes, was not related to antipsychotic medication use, and significantly overlapped with transcriptional changes in idiopathic schizophrenia. In 22q11DS-ASD, both DE and WGCNA analyses implicated dysregulation of immune response pathways. The ASD-associated module showed significant overlap with genes previously associated with idiopathic ASD.ConclusionThese findings further support the use of peripheral tissue in the study of major mutational models of diseases affecting the brain, and point towards specific pathways dysregulated in 22q11DS carriers with psychosis and ASD.

Proportion of patients continuing newly initiated antipsychotic initiation during the 2-year follow-up perioda.

Leveraging technology to probe mechanisms of psychopathology: A proof of concept study of inhibitory control

A comprehensive dataset for the data included in the manuscript entitled “Leveraging technology to probe mechanisms of psychopathology: A proof of concept study of inhibitory control”. This dataset contains demographic variables, parent-reported and child-reported clinical symptoms, behavior from four canonical cognitive function neuropsychological tests, behavioral responses from a novel mobile application assessing inhibitory control, along with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.

Participant Eligibility

Participants included youth ages 8 – 18 years. To be eligible for the study, participants needed to be able to read, speak, and understand English and meet diagnostic criteria for either a primary diagnosis of an anxiety disorder (generalized, social, and/or separation anxiety disorder), disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), or ADHD. In addition, youth were included with clinically-significant irritability not meeting the threshold for DMDD (ie. significant irritability but only in one setting) and youth with no psychiatric diagnosis (as assessed by a clinical using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (KSADS-PL). Participants were excluded for: IQ<70; diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, past and/or current posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, or major depression; substance use within the past three months; and neurological disorder. Parents and youth completed written informed consent and assent, respectively. Families received monetary compensation.

Of the 200 participants included in analyses, only 160 consented to share their data publicly and are included in this dataset.

Clinical Measures

All symptoms were assessed by parent- and child-report questionnaires. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Five subscale scores (Generalized Anxiety, Panic, Social Anxiety, Separation Anxiety, School Anxiety) were calculated. Irritability symptoms were assessed using the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI). Item-level responses to the six items included in the total score were extracted. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Conners Comprehensive Behavior Rating Scale (CBRS). Six items from the DSM-IV ADHD Total raw score were selected (three inattention and three hyperactivity/impulsivity items with the highest factor loadings on an ADHD latent variable). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ).

Eligible participants completed a novel mobile-application for the assessment of inhibitory control. Behavior was operationalized in the following manner: percentage of targets correctly swiped as “hit rate”, percentage of targets incorrectly not-swiped as “miss rate,” percentage of stars incorrectly swiped “false alarm rate,” and percentage of stars correctly not-swiped as “correct rejection rate”. For each participant, d-prime was calculated as the difference between the standardized percentage of correct hits and the standardized percentage of false alarms.

A subset of participants completed also four canonical cognitive function neuropsychological tests: Anti-Saccade Task, AX Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT), Flanker Task, & Stop Signal Delay Task. A measure of inhibitory control was extracted from each of the four tasks. For Anti-Saccade, we calculated the percentage of correct anti-saccade trials across all anti-saccade trials. For AX-CPT, we calculated d’ context. For Flanker task, we calculated the reaction time difference between correct responses to incongruent vs. congruent trials. And for the Stop Signal Delay Task we calculated stop-signal reaction time.

Biological and Physiological measures

No biological or physiological measures were included in any analyses.

Imaging data

Participants were given the option to additionally participate in optional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We measured blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) changes during the Eriksen Flanker Task with 170 whole brain T*2 weighted echo-planer images acquired using a 3T MR750 General Electric Scanner and a 32-channel head coil (TR=2000ms, TE=25, flip angle=60, field of view=96x96, slices=42/axial/3mm ). For each participant, we also collected structural images using a magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence (TR=7.66, TE=3.42, flip angle=7, field of view=256x256, slices=176/sagittal/1mm). Seed coordinates for ROIs were selected using a Neurosynth term-based meta-analysis with the term “cognitive control” (anterior cingulate [ACC], supplementary motor area [SMA], and the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus [IFG]). 𝑧-value maps (uniformity test for “cognitive control”), FDR-corrected to 0.01, were further thresholded to a 𝑧-value of 10. For each participant, percent BOLD signal change was extract in each ROI for each task condition (congruent vs incongruent trials).