Between 2023 and 2024, approximately ** percent of individuals registered in England with type 1 diabetes were aged between 40 and 64 years. This statistic displays the distribution of individuals registered with type 1 diabetes in England in 2023/24, by age.

This is an overview of the treatment and demographics of 227,435 adults with type 1 diabetes. From 2019 to 2022 glucose control in people with type 1 diabetes in England and Wales improved while blood pressure control deteriorated. Use of diabetes technology (wearable glucose monitoring devices in England and insulin pumps in England and Wales) was associated with lower glucose levels. Diabetes technology was used less by those in the most deprived groups and in ethnic minorities. 30% of people with type 1 diabetes did not attend specialist care in 2021-22 and were less likely to receive annual checks or achieve treatment targets as recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). There are 3 recommendations for commissioners of care.

As of 2021, the prevalence of diabetics in the UK totaled 8.2 percent. Type 2 diabetes, highly related to unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as the overconsumption of sugar and a lack of exercise, as well as aging, affects more individuals than type 1 diabetes. Between 2023 and 2024, over 3.5 million people in England were registered with type 2 diabetes, while almost 277 thousand had type 1. Type 1 diabetes Between 2023 and 2024, most people registered with type 1 diabetes in England were aged 40 years and younger, with 44.7 percent. In 2021, the UK was the European country with the second-highest number of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes after Germany, with over 31,600 cases. Treatment The NHS in the UK provides nine care processes annually to people with diabetes. Blood pressure checks, cholesterol monitoring, and foot surveillance are among those. Figures show that almost half of individuals in England with type 2 diabetes received all nine care processes between 2022 and 2023. This figure totaled 37 percent in the case of patients with type 1 diabetes. The same trend could be observed in Wales in 2021/22, where the share of type 2 diabetics receiving all care processes was double the type 1 patients.

Type 1 diabetes affects approximately ******* children worldwide, with ******* new cases diagnosed annually. This chronic condition, requiring lifelong insulin treatment, impacts a significant portion of the global child population of **** billion. Global diabetes trends and projections The impact of diabetes extends far beyond childhood, with the total number of diabetics worldwide expected to reach *** million by 2050. This projected increase corresponds to a rise in global diabetes prevalence from ** percent in 2024 to ** percent by 2050. The Western Pacific region currently has the highest number of diabetics, with approximately *** million people aged 20-79 affected. Africa, has the lowest number of diabetics with **** million in 2024. However, the number of diabetics in Africa is expected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Regional disparities and health concerns The global distribution of diabetes cases varies significantly, with Africa expected to see a *** percent increase in diabetes cases from 2024 to 2050, compared to a ** percent rise in North America and the Caribbean. As diabetes remains a critical health issue worldwide, it contributes to various complications and was the eighth leading cause of death globally in 2021, resulting in approximately **** million deaths that year.

United States US: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data was reported at 10.790 % in 2017. United States US: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data is updated yearly, averaging 10.790 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2017, with 1 observations. United States US: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Health Statistics. Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes.; ; International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas.; Weighted average;

The main purpose of creating an electronic database was to evaluate the performance of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and flash monitoring (FMS) in children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The database is intended for entering, systematizing, storing and displaying patient data (date of birth, age, date of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus, length of illness, date of first visit to an endocrinologist, with the installation of a CGM or FMS), glycated hemoglobin indicators initially , during the study and ultimately, as well as CGM, FMS data (average glucose level, glycemic variability, percentage of cases above the target range, percentage of cases within the target range, percentage of cases below the target range, number of hypoglycemic episodes and their average duration, frequency of daily scans and frequency of sensor readings).

The database is the basis for comparative statistical analysis of dynamic monitoring indicators in groups of patients with the presence or absence of diabetic complications (neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy). The database presents the results of a prospective, open, controlled, clinical study obtained over a year and a half. The database includes information on 307 patients (adolescent children) aged 3 to 17 years inclusive. During the study, the observed patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 - patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and with diabetic complications, 152 people, Group 2 – patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and with no diabetic complications, 155 people. All registrants of the database were assigned individual codes, which made it possible to exclude personal data (full name) from the database.

The database is executed in the Microsoft Office Excel program and has the character of a depersonalized summary table, which consists of two blocks-sheets: patients of groups 1 and 2 and is structured according to the following sections: "Patient number"; "Patient code"; "Date of birth"; "Age of the patient"; section "Date of diagnosis of DM1" indicates the date of the official diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus at the first hospitalization of the patient, this information is borrowed from medical information systems; section "Length of service DM1" reflects information about the duration of the patient's illness; the section "Date of the first visit" contains information about the date of the registrant's visit to the endocrinologist with the installation of FMS / CGM devices; the section "Frequency of self-monitoring with a glucometer" contains information about the frequency of measuring blood glucose levels by the patient at home using a glucometer until the establishment of FMS / CGM.

Sections "HbA1c initially (GMI)", "HbA1c (GMI)", "HbA1c final (GMI)", display the indicators of the level of glycated hemoglobin from the total for the period of the beginning of the study, at the intermediate stages of the study and at the end of observation.

The database structure has a number of sections accumulating information obtained with CGM/FMS, in particular: the section "Average glucose level"; the section "% above the target range", reflecting the percentage of the patient's stay with glycemia above the target indicators during the day; the section "% within the target range", reflecting the percentage of the patient's stay within the target glycemia indicators per day; the section "% below the target range", reflecting the percentage of the patient's stay with glycemia below the target indicators during the day; the section "Hypoglycemic phenomena", reflecting the number of cases of hypoglycemia in patients within 2 weeks; the section "Average duration", reflecting the average duration of hypoglycemic phenomena registered in the patient; the section "Sensor data received", indicating the percentage of time the patient was with an active device sensor; the section "Daily scans" show the frequency of scans of the patient's glycemic level (once a day); the section "%CV" displays the variability of the patient's glycemia recorded by the device. The listed sections are repeated in the database in accordance with the number of follow-up visit.

Also in the database there is a section "Mid. values", which contains indicators of the average values of patient data for all of the above sections, both in the first and in the second group of patients.

When working with the database, the use of filters (in the "Data" tab) containing the names of indicators allows you to enter information about new registrants in a convenient form or correct existing data, as well as sort and search for one or more specified indicators.

The electronic database allows you to systematize a large volume of results, distribute data into categories, search for any field or set of fields in the input format, systematize the selected array, makes it possible to directly use this data for statistical analysis, as well as to view and print information on specified conditions with the location of fields in a convenient sequence.

Rationale:

The accrual of data from the laboratory and from epidemiologic and prevention trials has improved the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Genetic and immunologic factors play a key role in the development of T1DM, and characterization of the early metabolic abnormalities in T1DM is steadily increasing. However, information regarding the natural history of T1DM remains incomplete. The TrialNet Natural History Study of the Development of T1DM (Pathway to Prevention Study) has been designed to clarify this picture, and in so doing, will contribute to the development and implementation of studies aimed at prevention of and early treatment in T1DM.

Purpose:

TrialNet is an international network dedicated to the study, prevention, and early treatment of type 1 diabetes. TrialNet sites are located throughout the United States, Canada, Finland, United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, Sweden, Australia, and New Zealand. TrialNet is dedicated to testing new approaches to the prevention of and early intervention for type 1 diabetes.

The goal of the TrialNet Natural History Study of the Development of Type 1 Diabetes is to enhance our understanding of the demographic, immunologic, and metabolic characteristics of individuals at risk for developing type 1 diabetes.

The Natural History Study will screen relatives of people with type 1 diabetes to identify those at risk for developing the disease. Relatives of people with type 1 diabetes have about a 5% percent chance of being positive for the antibodies associated with diabetes. TrialNet will identify adults and children at risk for developing diabetes by testing for the presence of these antibodies in the blood. A positive antibody test is an early indication that damage to insulin-secreting cells may have begun. If this test is positive, additional testing will be offered to determine the likelihood that a person may develop diabetes. Individuals with antibodies will be offered the opportunity for further testing to determine their risk of developing diabetes over the next 5 years and to receive close monitoring for the development of diabetes.

It was estimated that as of 2023, around **** million people in the United States had been diagnosed with diabetes. The number of people diagnosed with diabetes in the U.S. has increased in recent years and the disease is now a major health issue. Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for ******percent of all deaths. What is prediabetes? A person is considered to have prediabetes if their blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. As of 2021, it was estimated that around ** million men and ** million women in the United States had prediabetes. However, according to the CDC, around ** percent of these people do not know they have this condition. Not only does prediabetes increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but also increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. The states with the highest share of adults who had ever been told they have prediabetes are California, Hawaii, and New Mexico. The prevalence of diabetes in the United States As of 2023, around *** percent of adults in the United States had been diagnosed with diabetes, an increase from ****percent in the year 2000. Diabetes is much more common among older adults, with around ** percent of those aged 60 years and older diagnosed with diabetes, compared to just ****percent of those aged 20 to 39 years. The states with the highest prevalence of diabetes among adults are West Virginia, Mississippi, and Louisiana, while Utah and Colorado report the lowest rates. In West Virginia, around ** percent of adults have been diagnosed with diabetes.

United Kingdom UK: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data was reported at 4.280 % in 2017. United Kingdom UK: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data is updated yearly, averaging 4.280 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2017, with 1 observations. United Kingdom UK: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes.; ; International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas.; Weighted average;

Georgia GE: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data was reported at 7.110 % in 2017. Georgia GE: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data is updated yearly, averaging 7.110 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2017, with 1 observations. Georgia GE: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Georgia – Table GE.World Bank: Health Statistics. Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes.; ; International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas.; Weighted average;

Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. ...

Germany DE: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data was reported at 6.900 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.300 % for 2011. Germany DE: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data is updated yearly, averaging 6.100 % from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2021, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.900 % in 2021 and a record low of 5.300 % in 2011. Germany DE: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is calculated by adjusting to a standard population age-structure.;International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas.;Weighted average;

Ireland IE: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data was reported at 3.280 % in 2017. Ireland IE: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data is updated yearly, averaging 3.280 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2017, with 1 observations. Ireland IE: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.World Bank: Health Statistics. Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes.; ; International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas.; Weighted average;

The Diabetes Prevention Trial—Type 1 Diabetes (DPT-1) consisted of two randomized clinical trials to determine whether insulin could prevent or delay the onset of overt diabetes in relatives of patients with diabetes. One study investigated the effects of parenteral insulin in relatives with a projected five-year risk of diabetes higher than 50 percent, while the other looked at the effects of oral insulin in relatives with a projected five-year risk of 26 to 50 percent.

First and second-degree relatives were screened for islet-cell antibody (ICA) titer ≥ 10 and then staged to assess risk of diabetes. Those with a high risk were eligible for the parenteral insulin trial, and those with a low risk were eligible for the oral insulin trial. In the parenteral insulin trial, subjects in the intervention group received parenteral insulin subcutaneous injections twice daily, plus annual intravenous infusions; the control group received no treatment. In the oral insulin trial, subjects were assigned to receive capsules of either oral insulin or matched placebo. For both trials, participants were seen every 6 months, and at those visits an oral glucose tolerance (OGT) test was performed to assess glycemic status, the primary study end point. Other assessments included intravenous glucose tolerance tests and mixed-meal tolerance tests performed at baseline, as well as at various points during the study. Results showed that neither parenteral nor oral insulin succeeded in delaying or preventing the development of diabetes in high-risk relatives of current diabetes patients. Long-term follow-up to detect any effects on the course of diabetes was initiated.

Hong Kong HK: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data was reported at 8.330 % in 2017. Hong Kong HK: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data is updated yearly, averaging 8.330 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2017, with 1 observations. Hong Kong HK: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes.; ; International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas.; Weighted average;

IntroductionDiet is an important factor in managing glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Reducing carbohydrate intake may be important for stabilizing blood glucose levels in certain groups of patients with T1D. There are few studies examining the effects of a low carbohydrate diet in patients with T1D. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of carbohydrate intake on glucose control in adults with T1D.Materials and methodsAdults with T1D (N = 54) and inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7.5%; 58 mmol/mol) were randomized in a cross-over design to a moderate carbohydrate diet (30 percent of total energy from carbohydrates) versus a traditional diabetes diet (50 percent of total energy from carbohydrates) for 4 weeks with a between wash-out period of 4 weeks. Masked continuous glucose monitoring was used throughout the study to evaluate effects on mean blood glucose levels, time-in-range, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and glycemic variability. Diabetes treatment satisfaction, hypoglycemic confidence, and physical activity were measured using questionnaires during different phases of the trial. HbA1c, blood lipids, blood pressure, and ketone levels were also measured. The primary endpoint is the difference in mean blood glucose level between the diet periods. Study completion is anticipated during winter 2022.DiscussionThe study seeks to increase knowledge about the effects of dietary carbohydrate intake on glycemic control and other health parameters in patients with T1D. If beneficial effects on mean blood glucose level without elevated risk of hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis are shown, a moderate carbohydrate diet may be a treatment option for people with T1D that have unsatisfactory blood glucose levels.Clinical Trials Registration:www.clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT03400618.

Kyrgyzstan KG: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data was reported at 7.110 % in 2017. Kyrgyzstan KG: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data is updated yearly, averaging 7.110 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2017, with 1 observations. Kyrgyzstan KG: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kyrgyzstan – Table KG.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes.; ; International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas.; Weighted average;

This forecast represents the disease prevalence of diabetes type 1 in the United States from 2007 to 2020. In 2020, the diseases prevalence for type 1 diabetes will amount to 0.2 percent among adults in the United States.

The partial remission (PR) phase, a period experienced by most patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) soon after diagnosis, is characterized by low insulin requirements and improved glycemic control. Given the great potential of this phase as a therapeutic window for immunotherapies because of its association with immunoregulatory mechanisms and β-cell protection, our objective was to find peripheral immunological biomarkers for its better characterization, monitoring, and prediction. The longitudinal follow-up of 17 pediatric patients with new-onset T1D over one year revealed that, during the PR phase, remitter patients show increased percentages of effector memory (EM) T lymphocytes, terminally differentiated EM T lymphocytes, and neutrophils in comparison to non-remitter patients. On the contrary, remitter patients showed lower percentages of naïve T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (TREG), and dendritic cells (DCs). After a year of follow-up, these patients also presented increased levels of regulatory B cells and transitional T1 B lymphocytes. On the other hand, although none of the analyzed cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TGF-β1, IL-17A, and IL-10) could distinguish or predict remission, IL-17A was increased at T1D diagnosis in comparison to control subjects, and remitter patients tended to maintain lower levels of this cytokine than non-remitters. Therefore, these potential monitoring immunological biomarkers of PR support that this stage is governed by both metabolic and immunological factors and suggest immunoregulatory attempts during this phase. Furthermore, since the percentage of TREG, monocytes, and DCs, and the total daily insulin dose at diagnosis were found to be predictors of the PR phase, we next created an index-based predictive model comprising those immune cell percentages that could potentially predict remission at T1D onset. Although our preliminary study needs further validation, these candidate biomarkers could be useful for the immunological characterization of the PR phase, the stratification of patients with better disease prognosis, and a more personalized therapeutic management.

Type 2 diabetes is a condition that affects the amount of sugar in a person’s bloodstream and causes it to become too high. This type of diabetes can be caused by risk factors such as obesity and inactivity and, as shown in this figure, type 2 diabetes is more common among older individuals. Between 2023 and 2024, of those registered with type 2 diabetes in England, **** percent were aged between 40 and 64 years. Increasing prevalence of diabetes in England Between 2023 and 2024, there were over *** million people in England who were registered as diabetics. The number of individuals registered with diabetes in England has increased year-on-year since 2008. The vast majority of those registered with diabetes in England are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, with over *** million, while approximately *** thousand living with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes medication By far the most used drug in England for the treatment of diabetes was metformin hydrochloride with over ** million items used in 2022 alone. Additionally, already in 2018 approximately **** percent of all prescribed drugs in primary care in England were for the treatment of diabetes. The share of prescribed diabetes drugs has steadily increased since 2005.