Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ziraat Bankası A.Ş., had the highest value of average return on equity (ROE) in Turkey as of December 2023, reaching 31.5 percent. That year, the second-ranking state-owned bank was Türkiye Vakıflar Bankası T.A.O., with 16.6 percent ROE.

Turkey TR: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data was reported at 17.800 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 17.300 % for 2020. Turkey TR: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data is updated yearly, averaging 17.400 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2021, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.800 % in 2021 and a record low of 17.300 % in 2020. Turkey TR: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The percentage of people in the population who live in households whose per capita income or consumption is below half of the median income or consumption per capita. The median is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries, medians are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

The number of visitors to the United States from Turkey increased by around 16 percent from 2023 to 2024. In 2024, the number of travelers to the U.S. from Turkey reached 194,447, up from the previous year's total of 167,766.

Abstract

The 1993 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) is a nationally representative survey of ever-married women less than 50 years old. The survey was designed to provide information on fertility levels and trends, infant and child mortality, family planning, and maternal and child health. The TDHS was conducted by the Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies under a subcontract through an agreement between the General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning, Ministry of Health and Macro International Inc. of Calverton, Maryland. Fieldwork was conducted from August to October 1993. Interviews were carried out in 8,619 households and with 6,519 women.

The Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) is a national sample survey of ever-married women of reproductive ages, designed to collect data on fertility, marriage patterns, family planning, early age mortality, socioeconomic characteristics, breastfeeding, immunisation of children, treatment of children during episodes of illness, and nutritional status of women and children. The TDHS, as part of the international DHS project, is also the latest survey in a series of national-level population and health surveys in Turkey, which have been conducted by the Institute of Population Studies, Haeettepe University (HIPS).

More specifically, the objectives of the TDHS are to:

Collect data at the national level that will allow the calculation of demographic rates, particularly fertility and childhood mortality rates; Analyse the direct and indirect factors that determine levels and trends in fertility and childhood mortality; Measure the level of contraceptive knowledge and practice by method, region, and urban- rural residence; Collect data on mother and child health, including immunisations, prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections among children under five, antenatal care, assistance at delivery, and breastfeeding; Measure the nutritional status of children under five and of their mothers using anthropometric measurements.

The TDHS information is intended to assist policy makers and administrators in evaluating existing programs and in designing new strategies for improving family planning and health services in Turkey.

MAIN RESULTS

Fertility in Turkey is continuing to decline. If Turkish women maintain current fertility rates during their reproductive years, they can expect to have all average of 2.7 children by the end of their reproductive years. The highest fertility rate is observed for the age group 20-24. There are marked regional differences in fertility rates, ranging from 4.4 children per woman in the East to 2.0 children per woman in the West. Fertility also varies widely by urban-rural residence and by education level. A woman living in rural areas will have almost one child more than a woman living in an urban area. Women who have no education have almost one child more than women who have a primary-level education and 2.5 children more than women with secondary-level education.

The first requirement of success ill family planning is the knowledge of family planning methods. Knowledge of any method is almost universal among Turkish women and almost all those who know a method also know the source of the method. Eighty percent of currently married women have used a method sometime in their life. One third of currently married women report ever using the IUD. Overall, 63 percent of currently married women are currently using a method. The majority of these women are modern method users (35 percent), but a very substantial proportion use traditional methods (28 percent). the IUD is the most commonly used modern method (I 9 percent), allowed by the condom (7 percent) and the pill (5 percent). Regional differences are substantial. The level of current use is 42 percent in tile East, 72 percent in tile West and more than 60 percent in tile other three regions. "File common complaints about tile methods are side effects and health concerns; these are especially prevalent for the pill and IUD.

One of the major child health indicators is immunisation coverage. Among children age 12-23 months, the coverage rates for BCG and the first two doses of DPT and polio were about 90 percent, with most of the children receiving those vaccines before age one. The results indicate that 65 percent of the children had received all vaccinations at some time before the survey. On a regional basis, coverage is significantly lower in the Eastern region (41 percent), followed by the Northern and Central regions (61 percent and 65 percent, respectively). Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and diarrhea are the two most prevalent diseases of children under age five in Turkey. In the two weeks preceding the survey, the prevalence of ARI was 12 percent and the prevalence of diarrhea was 25 percent for children under age five. Among children with diarrhea 56 percent were given more fluids than usual.

Breastfeeding in Turkey is widespread. Almost all Turkish children (95 percent) are breastfed for some period of time. The median duration of breastfeeding is 12 months, but supplementary foods and liquids are introduced at an early age. One-third of children are being given supplementary food as early as one month of age and by the age of 2-3 months, half of the children are already being given supplementary foods or liquids.

By age five, almost one-filth of children arc stunted (short for their age), compared to an international reference population. Stunting is more prevalent in rural areas, in the East, among children of mothers with little or no education, among children who are of higher birth order, and among those born less than 24 months after a prior birth. Overall, wasting is not a problem. Two percent of children are wasted (thin for their height), and I I percent of children under five are underweight for their age. The survey results show that obesity is d problem among mothers. According to Body Mass Index (BMI) calculations, 51 percent of mothers are overweight, of which 19 percent are obese.

Geographic coverage

The Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) is a national sample survey.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 12-49
• Children under five

Universe

The population covered by the 1993 DHS is defined as the universe of all ever-married women age 12-49 who were present in the household on the night before the interview were eligible for the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The sample for the TDHS was designed to provide estimates of population and health indicators, including fertility and mortality rates for the nation as a whole, fOr urban and rural areas, and for the five major regions of the country. A weighted, multistage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used in the selection of the TDHS sample.

Sample selection was undertaken in three stages. The sampling units at the first stage were settlements that differed in population size. The frame for the selection of the primary sampling units (PSUs) was prepared using the results of the 1990 Population Census. The urban frame included provinces and district centres and settlements with populations of more than 10,000; the rural frame included subdistricts and villages with populations of less than 10,000. Adjustments were made to consider the growth in some areas right up to survey time. In addition to the rural-urban and regional stratifications, settlements were classified in seven groups according to population size.

The second stage of selection involved the list of quarters (administrative divisions of varying size) for each urban settlement, provided by the State Institute of Statistics (SIS). Every selected quarter was subdivided according tothe number of divisions(approximately 100 households)assigned to it. In rural areas, a selected village was taken as a single quarter, and wherever necessary, it was divided into subdivisions of approximately 100 households. In cases where the number of households in a selected village was less than 100 households, the nearest village was selected to complete the 100 households during the listing activity, which is described below.

After the selection of the secondary sampling units (SSUs), a household listing was obtained for each by the TDHS listing teams. The listing activity was carried out in May and June. From the household lists, a systematic random sample of households was chosen for the TDHS. All ever-married women age 12-49 who were present in the household on the night before the interview were eligible for the survey.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Two questionnaires were used in the main fieldwork for the TDHS: the Household Questionnaire and the Individual Questionnaire for ever-married women of reproductive age. The questionnaires were based on the model survey instruments developed in the DHS program and on the questionnaires that had been employed in previous Turkish population and health surveys. The questionnaires were adapted to obtain data needed for program planning in Turkey during consultations with population and health agencies. Both questionnaires were developed in English and translated into Turkish.

a) The Household Questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members of and visitors to the selected households and to collect information relating to the socioeconomic position of the households. In the first part of the Household Questionnaire, basic information was collected on the age, sex, educational attainment, marital status and relationship to the head of household for each person listed as a household member

In 2023, the major city of Istanbul had almost 15.7 million inhabitants and was the province with the highest population in Turkey. The Turkish capital, Ankara, was the second-largest province, with 5.8 million people residing there in the same year. Characteristics of the Turkish population The population of Turkey has been following a continuously increasing trend for a long time. As of 2023, there were approximately 85.4 million people living in the country. That year, the male population was slightly higher than the female population, amounting to over 42.7 million. When it comes to the gender distribution among the age groups, the gender gap was the highest among the 90-year-olds and older. In 2023, women constituted 70 percent of that age group, whereas the share of men was slightly higher among 0-to-59-year-olds. Structure of the Turkish households The demand for living alone has been increasing in many communities. The case is not much different in Turkey, where the proportion of single households has been on the rise steadily. The share of households with one person peaked in 2023 at nearly 20 percent in the country. However, one-family households still registered the highest number of residents as of 2023, with roughly 16.7 million. In comparison, one-person households counted 5.2 million individuals.

The benchmark interest rate in Turkey was last recorded at 46 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Turkey recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 24.70 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Government Debt to GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

According to a survey conducted by Research Istanbul in 2023, Turkish people's level of trust in the Turkish Armed Forces (Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri) was the highest among the given public institutions, accounting for 71 percent. In contrast, the level of trust in the Measuring, Selection, and Placement Center (ÖSYM), which is responsible for organizing the national-level university entrance examination and several other large-scale examinations in Turkey, was the lowest at 27 percent.

Inflation Rate in Turkey decreased to 35.41 percent in May from 37.86 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The annual revenue of the General Directorate of Turkish State Railways (TCDD) fluctuated throughout the given period. In 2021, the revenue generated by freight and passenger transportation operations of TCDD amounted to approximately 2.6 billion Turkish Liras, a 32 percent increase compared to the previous year. The General Directorate of Turkish State Railways is a government-owned national railroad organization in charge of the ownership, maintenance, and construction of new railroad lines in Turkey.

Key information about Turkey Government Debt: % of GDP

• Turkey Government debt accounted for 25.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Sep 2024, compared with the ratio of 26.1 % in the previous quarter.
• Turkey government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 2001 to Sep 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 75.5 % in Dec 2001 and a record low of 25.6 % in Sep 2024.

• In the latest reports, Turkey National Government Debt reached 254.3 USD bn in Dec 2022.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 245.5 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Turkey recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 5.20 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2023. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Government Budget - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

According to a nationwide survey conducted in 2023, the level of satisfaction was the highest with the health services provided by the private medical centers in Turkey. It was followed by the private polyclinics and state hospitals, with a satisfaction level of approximately 70 and 66 percent, respectively. Additionally, 29 percent of the Turkish people were dissatisfied with the services of private medical centers.

The statistic shows the national debt of Turkey from 2020 to 2023 in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP), with projections up until 2030. The data relate to the entire Turkish state and include government debt and the debt of the provinces, municipalities, communes as well as social security. In 2023, Turkey's national debt amounted to around 29.26 percent of the GDP. Turkey's economic situation Based on the current state of its economy, Turkey is defined as an emerging market and one of the newly industrialized countries in the world. Turkey is identified as one of the members of the G-20 major economies and is also a member of the EU Customs Union, allowing for custom-free trade amongst all member states. Like every other country's economy, Turkey’s economy is primarily made up of three different sectors; agriculture, industry and services. Over the past decade, Turkey has shifted more focus to its services sector, most notably tourism, communications and transport, while slightly decreasing its dependency on the agricultural and industrial aspects. While many other countries have struggled to recover from the 2008 global financial crisis as well as the Eurozone crisis, the Turkish economy returned to its pre-crisis form in several years and has since seen exponential economic growth and higher productivity and efficiency, more than double the amount compared to a decade prior. With regards to total GDP, government spending within the country has remained relatively low and has remained stable over the past decade, in comparison to developed EU countries, which may be spending more than they can afford.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Turkey expanded 2 percent in the first quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey GDP Annual Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Exports in Turkey increased to 24800 USD Million in May from 20800 USD Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Exports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The gross national savings rate in Turkey was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 1.8 percentage points. After the sixth consecutive increasing year, the savings rate is estimated to reach 22.68 percent and therefore a new peak in 2029. The savings rate here refers to the gross domestic saving by the state, private households, and corporations and is shown as a percentage of total gross domestic product (GDP).The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in more than 150 countries and regions worldwide. All input data are sourced from international institutions, national statistical offices, and trade associations. All data has been are processed to generate comparable datasets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the gross national savings rate in countries like Cyprus and Croatia.

The USD/TRY exchange rate rose to 39.2242 on June 9, 2025, up 0.03% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Turkish Lira has weakened 1.18%, and is down by 21.09% over the last 12 months. Turkish Lira - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on June of 2025.

The Sales Tax Rate in Turkey stands at 20 percent. This dataset provides - Turkey Sales Tax Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The consumption of natural gas in Turkey generally fluctuated during this period. In 2023, the consumption of natural gas in the country amounted to 48.4 billion cubic meters. The highest volume of consumption was recorded in 2021, when the figures reached over 57 billion cubic meters. Natural gas in Turkey’s energy mix Fossil fuels play an important role in Turkey’s energy mix, with natural gas being one of the most significant. In 2022, this energy source had a share of 23 percent. Despite this, natural gas shares in the energy mix have declined since 2014, when natural gas accounted for 48 percent of the energy generation. Trade Turkey is heavily reliant on natural gas imports, from both pipeline and LNG (liquefied natural gas). In 2023, LNG imports into the country amounted to 14.8 billion cubic meters. This was a a slight decrease from the peak volume recorded in 2022. In the same year, Turkey had a share of three percent of worldwide LNG imports.Turkey is a major customer of Gazprom, the Russian state-owned energy company, importing 16.4 billion cubic meters from them in 2020.