In 1800, the region of present-day Turkey had a population of approximately 9.8 million. Turkey’s population would grow steadily throughout the 1800s, growing to 14 million by the turn of the century. During this time, Turkey was the center of the Ottoman Empire, which also covered much of the Balkans, Arabia, and the African coast from Libya to Somalia. In the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire's dissolution period began, characterized by political instability and a series of military defeats and coups. The empire was one of the defeated Central Powers of the First World War, in which it suffered approximately three million total fatalities. It is estimated that the majority of these deaths did not come directly from the war, but as a result of the government-orchestrated mass expulsion and genocide of non-Turks from within the Turkish borders, specifically Armenians, Assyrians, Greeks and Kurds; many ethnic Turks were simultaneously expelled from neighboring countries, namely Greece, which makes these events less-visible when examining annual data, although Turkey's total population did drop by one million between 1914 and 1924.

The Republic of Turkey Following the end of the Turkish War of Independence in 1923, and the establishment of the republic of Turkey, the population would begin to recover, tripling from just around 21 million in 1950 to over 63 million by the turn of the century. The new republic, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, introduced sweeping, progressive reforms that modernized the country, particularly its healthcare and education systems. Turkey remained neutral throughout the Second World War, and became a member of NATO during the Cold War. The second half of the 1900s was marked with intermittent periods of political instability, and a number of military conflicts (namely, in Cyprus and Kurdistan). In spite of this, Turkey has generally been considered a developed country for most of this time, although its life expectancy and infant mortality rates have often been more in line with developing nations.

Modern Turkey In the past decade, Turkey's population growth has continued its rapid growth; while birth rates have declined, the mass migration of refugees to the country fleeing the Syrian Civil War has seen the population growth ramain high. This influx of refugees was seen as a stepping stone in Turkey's accession to the European Union, with whom it has been negotiating a potential membership since 2005. Accession to the EU would provide huge economic benefits to Turkey, however, political developments in recent years (particularly the 2016 coup) have seen these negotiations stall, as the EU has accused the Turkish government of committing widespread human rights violations, such as torture, political imprisonment and censorship of free speech. In 2020, Turkey's population is estimated to be over 84 million people, and is expected to exceed 100 million in the next two decades.

Turkey TR: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data was reported at 17.800 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 17.300 % for 2020. Turkey TR: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data is updated yearly, averaging 17.400 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2021, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.800 % in 2021 and a record low of 17.300 % in 2020. Turkey TR: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The percentage of people in the population who live in households whose per capita income or consumption is below half of the median income or consumption per capita. The median is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries, medians are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Turkey population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Turkey across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Turkey was 325, a 0.31% increase year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Turkey population was 324, a decline of 0.61% compared to a population of 326 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Turkey decreased by 172. In this period, the peak population was 500 in the year 2001. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Turkey is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Turkey population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Turkey Population by Year. You can refer the same here

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ziraat Bankası A.Ş., also known as Ziraat Bankasi, had the highest value of average return on assets (ROA) in Turkey as of December 2023, reaching nearly three percent. That year, Turkiye Halk Bankasi A.Ş. was the second-ranking state-owned bank with a 1.1 percent ROA.

In 2023, the major city of Istanbul had almost 15.7 million inhabitants and was the province with the highest population in Turkey. The Turkish capital, Ankara, was the second-largest province, with 5.8 million people residing there in the same year. Characteristics of the Turkish population The population of Turkey has been following a continuously increasing trend for a long time. As of 2023, there were approximately 85.4 million people living in the country. That year, the male population was slightly higher than the female population, amounting to over 42.7 million. When it comes to the gender distribution among the age groups, the gender gap was the highest among the 90-year-olds and older. In 2023, women constituted 70 percent of that age group, whereas the share of men was slightly higher among 0-to-59-year-olds. Structure of the Turkish households The demand for living alone has been increasing in many communities. The case is not much different in Turkey, where the proportion of single households has been on the rise steadily. The share of households with one person peaked in 2023 at nearly 20 percent in the country. However, one-family households still registered the highest number of residents as of 2023, with roughly 16.7 million. In comparison, one-person households counted 5.2 million individuals.

Abstract

The 1993 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) is a nationally representative survey of ever-married women less than 50 years old. The survey was designed to provide information on fertility levels and trends, infant and child mortality, family planning, and maternal and child health. The TDHS was conducted by the Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies under a subcontract through an agreement between the General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning, Ministry of Health and Macro International Inc. of Calverton, Maryland. Fieldwork was conducted from August to October 1993. Interviews were carried out in 8,619 households and with 6,519 women.

The Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) is a national sample survey of ever-married women of reproductive ages, designed to collect data on fertility, marriage patterns, family planning, early age mortality, socioeconomic characteristics, breastfeeding, immunisation of children, treatment of children during episodes of illness, and nutritional status of women and children. The TDHS, as part of the international DHS project, is also the latest survey in a series of national-level population and health surveys in Turkey, which have been conducted by the Institute of Population Studies, Haeettepe University (HIPS).

More specifically, the objectives of the TDHS are to:

Collect data at the national level that will allow the calculation of demographic rates, particularly fertility and childhood mortality rates; Analyse the direct and indirect factors that determine levels and trends in fertility and childhood mortality; Measure the level of contraceptive knowledge and practice by method, region, and urban- rural residence; Collect data on mother and child health, including immunisations, prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections among children under five, antenatal care, assistance at delivery, and breastfeeding; Measure the nutritional status of children under five and of their mothers using anthropometric measurements.

The TDHS information is intended to assist policy makers and administrators in evaluating existing programs and in designing new strategies for improving family planning and health services in Turkey.

MAIN RESULTS

Fertility in Turkey is continuing to decline. If Turkish women maintain current fertility rates during their reproductive years, they can expect to have all average of 2.7 children by the end of their reproductive years. The highest fertility rate is observed for the age group 20-24. There are marked regional differences in fertility rates, ranging from 4.4 children per woman in the East to 2.0 children per woman in the West. Fertility also varies widely by urban-rural residence and by education level. A woman living in rural areas will have almost one child more than a woman living in an urban area. Women who have no education have almost one child more than women who have a primary-level education and 2.5 children more than women with secondary-level education.

The first requirement of success ill family planning is the knowledge of family planning methods. Knowledge of any method is almost universal among Turkish women and almost all those who know a method also know the source of the method. Eighty percent of currently married women have used a method sometime in their life. One third of currently married women report ever using the IUD. Overall, 63 percent of currently married women are currently using a method. The majority of these women are modern method users (35 percent), but a very substantial proportion use traditional methods (28 percent). the IUD is the most commonly used modern method (I 9 percent), allowed by the condom (7 percent) and the pill (5 percent). Regional differences are substantial. The level of current use is 42 percent in tile East, 72 percent in tile West and more than 60 percent in tile other three regions. "File common complaints about tile methods are side effects and health concerns; these are especially prevalent for the pill and IUD.

One of the major child health indicators is immunisation coverage. Among children age 12-23 months, the coverage rates for BCG and the first two doses of DPT and polio were about 90 percent, with most of the children receiving those vaccines before age one. The results indicate that 65 percent of the children had received all vaccinations at some time before the survey. On a regional basis, coverage is significantly lower in the Eastern region (41 percent), followed by the Northern and Central regions (61 percent and 65 percent, respectively). Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and diarrhea are the two most prevalent diseases of children under age five in Turkey. In the two weeks preceding the survey, the prevalence of ARI was 12 percent and the prevalence of diarrhea was 25 percent for children under age five. Among children with diarrhea 56 percent were given more fluids than usual.

Breastfeeding in Turkey is widespread. Almost all Turkish children (95 percent) are breastfed for some period of time. The median duration of breastfeeding is 12 months, but supplementary foods and liquids are introduced at an early age. One-third of children are being given supplementary food as early as one month of age and by the age of 2-3 months, half of the children are already being given supplementary foods or liquids.

By age five, almost one-filth of children arc stunted (short for their age), compared to an international reference population. Stunting is more prevalent in rural areas, in the East, among children of mothers with little or no education, among children who are of higher birth order, and among those born less than 24 months after a prior birth. Overall, wasting is not a problem. Two percent of children are wasted (thin for their height), and I I percent of children under five are underweight for their age. The survey results show that obesity is d problem among mothers. According to Body Mass Index (BMI) calculations, 51 percent of mothers are overweight, of which 19 percent are obese.

Geographic coverage

The Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) is a national sample survey.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 12-49
• Children under five

Universe

The population covered by the 1993 DHS is defined as the universe of all ever-married women age 12-49 who were present in the household on the night before the interview were eligible for the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The sample for the TDHS was designed to provide estimates of population and health indicators, including fertility and mortality rates for the nation as a whole, fOr urban and rural areas, and for the five major regions of the country. A weighted, multistage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used in the selection of the TDHS sample.

Sample selection was undertaken in three stages. The sampling units at the first stage were settlements that differed in population size. The frame for the selection of the primary sampling units (PSUs) was prepared using the results of the 1990 Population Census. The urban frame included provinces and district centres and settlements with populations of more than 10,000; the rural frame included subdistricts and villages with populations of less than 10,000. Adjustments were made to consider the growth in some areas right up to survey time. In addition to the rural-urban and regional stratifications, settlements were classified in seven groups according to population size.

The second stage of selection involved the list of quarters (administrative divisions of varying size) for each urban settlement, provided by the State Institute of Statistics (SIS). Every selected quarter was subdivided according tothe number of divisions(approximately 100 households)assigned to it. In rural areas, a selected village was taken as a single quarter, and wherever necessary, it was divided into subdivisions of approximately 100 households. In cases where the number of households in a selected village was less than 100 households, the nearest village was selected to complete the 100 households during the listing activity, which is described below.

After the selection of the secondary sampling units (SSUs), a household listing was obtained for each by the TDHS listing teams. The listing activity was carried out in May and June. From the household lists, a systematic random sample of households was chosen for the TDHS. All ever-married women age 12-49 who were present in the household on the night before the interview were eligible for the survey.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Two questionnaires were used in the main fieldwork for the TDHS: the Household Questionnaire and the Individual Questionnaire for ever-married women of reproductive age. The questionnaires were based on the model survey instruments developed in the DHS program and on the questionnaires that had been employed in previous Turkish population and health surveys. The questionnaires were adapted to obtain data needed for program planning in Turkey during consultations with population and health agencies. Both questionnaires were developed in English and translated into Turkish.

a) The Household Questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members of and visitors to the selected households and to collect information relating to the socioeconomic position of the households. In the first part of the Household Questionnaire, basic information was collected on the age, sex, educational attainment, marital status and relationship to the head of household for each person listed as a household member

General situation of young people of Turkish descent and their relationship to Germany and the Germans. Sense of belonging and identity. Integration. Society and politics.

1. General situation and relationship to Germany and the Germans: born in Germany; general life satisfaction; parents are still alive, parents live in Germany or abroad; own future rather in Germany, in Turkey, in Europe, or elsewhere; life satisfaction in Germany; positive and or disturbing characteristics of Germany; personal contacts with Germans: proportion of people of German origin in the circle of friends; origin of the two closest friends; readiness for a partnership with a non-Muslim partner (Muslims only).

2. Sense of belonging and identity: German nationality; intention to German citizenship; closeness to Germany and to Turkey; self-assessment of German and Turkish language skills; identity as a German Turk (Muslims only: or Muslim); culture and cultural alienation: religiousness and religious practice in everyday life; attitudes towards religion and society.

3. Integration: sense of acceptance as an equal citizen; frequency of discrimination experience in different situations; attitude towards integration (scale); information on personal immigrant background (generation); better integration of the generation of the parents or of the own generation; self-assessment of personal integration; important aspects with regard to the integration of immigrants (immigrants themselves, state and German society); realization of these aspects and measures.

4. Society and politics: future worries; interest in politics; satisfaction with democracy; opinion on immigration: more advantages or disadvantages by immigration for Germany; Germany should take more or less refugees.

Demography: sex; age; employment status; religious affiliation; Muslim affiliation; number of own children; marital status; duration of stay in Germany (age); memberships in clubs, associations, ecclesial and social organizations, and in groups, that maintain the traditions of the country of origin of the family; purpose of residence permit; graduation acquired; acquisition of graduation in Germany, in Turkey or elsewhere; highest education degree; highest in Turkey acquired education degree; occupational position; household income.

Also encoded was: respondent-ID; weighting factor; BIK-type of municipality; integration-INDEX.

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ziraat Bankası A.Ş., had the highest value of average return on equity (ROE) in Turkey as of December 2023, reaching 31.5 percent. That year, the second-ranking state-owned bank was Türkiye Vakıflar Bankası T.A.O., with 16.6 percent ROE.

Turkey recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 5.20 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2023. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Government Budget - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The number of visitors to the United States from Turkey increased by around 16 percent from 2023 to 2024. In 2024, the number of travelers to the U.S. from Turkey reached 194,447, up from the previous year's total of 167,766.

Turkey TR: Completeness of Birth Registration data was reported at 98.800 % in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 93.700 % for 2008. Turkey TR: Completeness of Birth Registration data is updated yearly, averaging 93.700 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2013, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 98.800 % in 2013 and a record low of 84.000 % in 2003. Turkey TR: Completeness of Birth Registration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Completeness of birth registration is the percentage of children under age 5 whose births were registered at the time of the survey. The numerator of completeness of birth registration includes children whose birth certificate was seen by the interviewer or whose mother or caretaker says the birth has been registered.; ; UNICEF's State of the World's Children based mostly on household surveys and ministry of health data.; Weighted average;

Government Revenues in Turkey decreased to 723.43 TRY Billion in February from 917.08 TRY Billion in January of 2025. This dataset provides - Turkey Government Revenues- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Turkey was last recorded at 42.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Key information about Turkey Government Debt: % of GDP

• Turkey Government debt accounted for 25.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Sep 2024, compared with the ratio of 26.1 % in the previous quarter.
• Turkey government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 2001 to Sep 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 75.5 % in Dec 2001 and a record low of 25.6 % in Sep 2024.

• In the latest reports, Turkey National Government Debt reached 254.3 USD bn in Dec 2022.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 245.5 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Inflation Rate in Turkey decreased to 39.05 percent in February from 42.12 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Tourist Arrivals in Turkey increased to 2171942 in February from 2171118 in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Tourist Arrivals - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The USDTRY increased 0.0464 or 0.12% to 37.9927 on Wednesday March 26 from 37.9463 in the previous trading session. Turkish Lira - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

According to a survey conducted by Research Istanbul in 2023, Turkish people's level of trust in the Turkish Armed Forces (Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri) was the highest among the given public institutions, accounting for 71 percent. In contrast, the level of trust in the Measuring, Selection, and Placement Center (ÖSYM), which is responsible for organizing the national-level university entrance examination and several other large-scale examinations in Turkey, was the lowest at 27 percent.

Turkey Imports from United States of Woven cotton fabrics, not under 85% content, weight not over 200 g/m2 was US$54.12 Thousand during 2023, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade.

The statistic shows the national debt of Turkey from 2019 to 2023 in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP), with projections up until 2029. The data relate to the entire Turkish state and include government debt and the debt of the provinces, municipalities, communes as well as social security. In 2023, Turkey's national debt amounted to around 29.26 percent of the GDP. Turkey's economic situation Based on the current state of its economy, Turkey is defined as an emerging market and one of the newly industrialized countries in the world. Turkey is identified as one of the members of the G-20 major economies and is also a member of the EU Customs Union, allowing for custom-free trade amongst all member states. Like every other country's economy, Turkey’s economy is primarily made up of three different sectors; agriculture, industry and services. Over the past decade, Turkey has shifted more focus to its services sector, most notably tourism, communications and transport, while slightly decreasing its dependency on the agricultural and industrial aspects. While many other countries have struggled to recover from the 2008 global financial crisis as well as the Eurozone crisis, the Turkish economy returned to its pre-crisis form in several years and has since seen exponential economic growth and higher productivity and efficiency, more than double the amount compared to a decade prior. With regards to total GDP, government spending within the country has remained relatively low and has remained stable over the past decade, in comparison to developed EU countries, which may be spending more than they can afford.