In 2019, there were estimated to be approximately **** million Muslims living in London, making it the region of England and Wales with the highest Muslim population. Large Muslim populations also live in other English regions, such as the West Midlands, the North West, and Yorkshire.

This statistic displays the projected Muslim population proportions in selected European countries in 2050, by scenario. In 2010 the proportion of Muslims in the population of Germany was *** percent, compared with *** percent in the UK and *** percent in France. Depending on the different migration scenarios estimated here, Germany's share of Muslims in the population could rise up to **** percent of it's population by 2050, higher than both the UK and France, with projected Muslim populations of **** and ** percent respectively.

As of the first quarter of 2025, the unemployment rate for people of white ethnicity in the United Kingdom was 3.7 percent, the lowest of the provided ethnic groups in this quarter. By contrast, the unemployment rate for people in the Pakistani ethnic group was 13.1 percent.

The UK Islamic finance market, while smaller than some global counterparts, exhibits significant growth potential. Driven by a growing Muslim population and increasing awareness of Sharia-compliant financial products, the market is projected to experience a steady expansion throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). The sector's performance is influenced by several factors. Government initiatives promoting financial inclusion and diversification, coupled with a robust regulatory framework, create a supportive environment. Furthermore, increasing demand for ethical and socially responsible investments fuels the adoption of Islamic banking, insurance (Takaful), and Sukuk (Islamic bonds). The presence of both international and domestic players further contributes to market dynamism. While competition is expected to intensify, the overall market outlook remains positive. Growth will likely be driven by a combination of factors, including the expansion of existing product offerings, the development of innovative financial instruments that cater to specific market needs, and the increasing sophistication of Islamic financial products. The sector's performance, however, remains contingent upon broader economic conditions and the regulatory landscape. The current focus on sustainability and ethical investing presents further opportunities for growth. The UK Islamic finance market's segmentation reflects the diverse nature of Sharia-compliant financial services. Islamic banking holds a significant share, providing a range of deposit and financing options. Takaful, the Islamic equivalent of conventional insurance, is also gaining traction, driven by the growing awareness and acceptance of its risk-sharing model. Sukuk issuance, while currently limited, presents significant potential for future growth as investors increasingly seek diversified and ethically sound investment opportunities. The "Other Fi" segment encompasses a variety of related services, contributing to the market's overall complexity and potential. Understanding the dynamics within each segment is crucial for identifying strategic investment opportunities and achieving sustainable growth within the UK Islamic finance landscape. The market's growth trajectory is expected to be influenced by both domestic and international factors, ranging from government policies to global economic trends. Recent developments include: April 2023: London-based Nomo Bank has announced an innovative new partnership with Abu Dhabi-based banks ADCB and Al Hilal Bank to bring digital UK banking to UAE nationals and residents., January 2022: Non-core market sovereigns such as the UK, Maldives, and Nigeria also issued sukuk. Fitch-rated sukuk reached USD132.4 billion in 2021, 80.1% of which were investment-grade. Outlooks improved with the share of sukuk issuers, with Negative Outlooks falling to 8.8% in 4Q21 from 23.4% in 4Q20.. Key drivers for this market are: Increase in International Business and Trade, Increase in Muslim Population. Potential restraints include: Increase in International Business and Trade, Increase in Muslim Population. Notable trends are: Digital Disruption of the Financial Services.

In 2020, Indonesia recorded the largest population of Muslims worldwide, with around 239 million. This was followed with around 226.88 million Muslims in Pakistan and 213 million Muslims in India.

Approximately ****** prisoners in England and Wales identified as being Christian in 2024, the most of any religious faith among prisoners. A further ****** identified as having no religion, while ****** identified as Muslims.

Since 1970, the worst terrorist attack in the United Kingdom was the downing of Pan Am Flight 103 in December 1988 above Lockerbie, Scotland, which caused 270 fatalities. Of the ten attacks worst terrorist attacks in the UK, seven were related to the troubles in Northern Ireland, while two were related to Islamic extremism. The London 7/7 bombings in 2005, which caused the deaths of 56 people, and the Manchester Arena bombing in May 2017, which claimed the lives of 23 people. Are terrorist attacks in the UK on the rise? When compared with earlier decades, the number of terrorist attacks in the UK has declined considerably. Throughout the 1970s, there were approximately 1,644 terrorist attacks, 1,315 in the 1980s, and 1,214 in the 1990s, compared with just 325 in the 2000s, and 925 in the 2010s. During this period, the year with the highest number of attacks was 1972 when there were 292. Although the period between 2013 and 2018 saw a high volume of terrorist attacks, this has started to decline in more recent years. In 2021, for example there were 40 terrorist attacks, the fewest since 2009. A global threat In 2023, 21,596 people lost their lives due to terrorism, with Syria suffering the highest number of attacks at 1,405. The UK was not alone in seeing the intensity of terror attacks increase in the mid-2010s, either. The Paris Attacks of November 2015 caused 130 fatalities, while the Nice attacks in 2016 led to 86 deaths, some of the worst terrorist incidents to have ever taken place in Europe. Due to these attacks, the number of deaths caused by terrorism was significantly higher in 2015 and 2016 than in other years, at 152, and 142 respectively.

There were 3,866 hate crimes committed against Muslims in England and Wales, in the 2023/24 reporting year compared with 3,432 in the previous reporting year.