As of March 15, 2023, Seychelles was the African country with the highest coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination rate, with around 205 doses administered per 100 individuals. Mauritius and Rwanda followed with 201 and 190 doses per 100 people, respectively. Ranking fourth, Morocco had a vaccination rate of approximately 148 doses per 100 people, registering the third-highest number of inoculations after Egypt and Nigeria. In South Africa, the most affected country on the continent, the vaccination rate instead reached around 64 per 100 population.

How did Africa obtain the vaccines?

Vaccines in Africa were obtained in different ways. African nations both purchased new doses and received them from other countries. At the beginning of the vaccination campaigns, donations came from all over the world, such as China, the United Arab Emirates, India, and Russia. The United Nations-led COVAX initiative provided Oxford/AstraZeneca and Pfizer/BioNTech doses to several African countries. Within this program, the continent received nearly 270 million doses as of January 2022. Moreover, the vaccination campaign has also been an occasion for intra-African solidarity. Senegal has, for instance, donated vaccines to the Gambia, while in January 2021, Algeria announced that it would have shared its supply with Tunisia.

COVID-19 impact on the African economy

The spread of COVID-19 negatively affected socio-economic growth in Africa, with the continent’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracting significantly in 2020. Specifically, Southern Africa experienced the sharpest decline, at minus six percent, followed by North Africa at minus 1.7 percent. Most of Africa’s key economic sectors were hit by the pandemic. The drop in global oil prices led to a crisis in the oil and gas sector. Nigeria, the continent’s leading oil-exporting country, witnessed a considerable decrease in crude oil trade in 2020. Moreover, the shrinking number of international tourist arrivals determined a loss of over 12 million jobs in Africa’s travel and tourism sector. Society has also been substantially affected by COVID-19 on the poorest continent in the world, and the number of people living in extreme poverty was estimated to increase by around 30 million in 2020.

The number of COVID-19 vaccination doses administered per 100 people in South Africa rose to 65 as of Oct 27 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Coronavirus Vaccination Rate.

As of March 6, 20212 South Africa had administered a total of close to 32.03 million doses of the coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine. The country faced a rough start to its vaccination program as health authorities claimed that the beta variant (B.1.351 or 501Y.V2) was resistant against the received AstraZeneca/Oxford immunizing. South Africa then started February 17 its phase one campaign, vaccinating health workers with Johnson and Johnson vaccines. Gauteng, the province with Johannesburg as capital, had the highest number of vaccinated individuals at 9.02 million. Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal followed with five million and 4.93 million jabs being administered. These were the same regions with the highest number of COVID-19 cases registered in the country.

As of November 22, 2021, around 41 percent of the adult population in South Africa had already been fully vaccinated against the coronavirus (COVID-19). Individuals in the age group over 60 years were the most completely immunized, at nearly 64 percent.

As of November 17, 2022, Egypt had administered around 100 million coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination doses, the highest number in Africa. Second in the ranking, Nigeria distributed ** million vaccines against the virus. South Africa, which accumulated the highest number of COVID-19 cases in the continent, carried out roughly ** million immunizations.

Africa still behind in the vaccination campaign

While *** doses of the COVID-19 vaccine have been administered per 100 people in the world, the vaccination rate in Africa is ** doses per 100 individuals. Besides being far slowest than the global average, the vaccination is marked by a striking divide between African countries. In February 2021, Africa started receiving vaccine supplies under the WHO-backed Covax facility. Additionally, some African nations purchased additional doses, while others were benefited from bilateral donations.

High acceptance of the coronavirus vaccine

While the COVID-19 vaccination still needs to gain pace in Africa, the majority of the continent’s population was willing to take a vaccine against the disease. According to a survey, nearly ** percent of Africans would get vaccinated, once the immunizing is considered safe and effective. However, one in four people believed a COVID-19 vaccine would be unsafe. Over *** million people in Africa were already infected by the virus since the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020.

Context

The COVID-19 outbreak has brought the whole planet to its knees.More over 4.5 million people have died since the writing of this notebook, and the only acceptable way out of the disaster is to vaccinate all parts of society. Despite the fact that the benefits of vaccination have been proved to the world many times, anti-vaccine groups are springing up all over the world. This data set was generated to investigate the impact of coronavirus vaccinations on coronavirus mortality.

Content

Data Collection

This dataset is a combination of the following three datasets:

1.https://www.kaggle.com/gpreda/covid-world-vaccination-progress

2.https://covid19.who.int/WHO-COVID-19-global-data.csv

3.https://www.kaggle.com/rsrishav/world-population

you can find more detail about this dataset by reading this notebook:

https://www.kaggle.com/sinakaraji/simple-linear-regression-covid-vaccination

Countries in this dataset:

As of November 18, 2022, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Africa amounted to around 12.7 million, which represented around two percent of the infections around the world. By the same date, coronavirus cases globally were over 640 million, deaths were over six million, while approximately 620 million people recovered from the disease. On the African continent, South Africa was the most drastically affected country, with more than 3.6 million infections.

The African continent fighting the pandemic  

The African continent first came in contact with the coronavirus pandemic on February 14, 2020, in the northernmost part, particularly Egypt. Since then, the different governments took severe restrictive measures to try to curb the spread of the disease. Moreover, the official numbers of the African continent are significantly lower than those of Europe, North America, South America, and Asia. Nevertheless, the infectious disease still managed to have its effects on several countries. South Africa had the highest number of deaths. Morocco and Tunisia, the second and third most affected in Africa, recorded 16,002 and 27,824 deaths, respectively, while Egypt registered at 24,132 as of March 02, 2022.

The light at the end of the tunnel  

Although the African countries still have a long way to fully combat the virus, vaccination programs have been rolled out in the majority of Africa. Also, according to a survey, public opinion in several African countries shows a high willingness to be vaccinated, with Ethiopia having numbers as high as 94 percent. As of March 2022, Egypt was the country administering the highest number of vaccine doses, however, Seychelles had the highest per rate per 100 people .

In June 2022, the highest level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was reported among people surveyed in India at **** percent, China had the second highest vaccine acceptance level at **** percent. On the other hand, South Africa had the highest COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy level at **** percent. This statistic illustrates the level of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among people towards COVID-19 vaccine as of June 2022, by county.

IntroductionStreptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of severe bacterial infections globally. A full understanding of the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) on pneumococcal disease burden, following its introduction in 2009 in South Africa, can support national policy on PCV use and assist with policy decisions elsewhere.MethodsWe developed a model to estimate the national burden of severe pneumococcal disease, i.e. disease requiring hospitalisation, pre- (2005–2008) and post-PCV introduction (2012–2013) in children aged 0–59 months in South Africa. We estimated case numbers for invasive pneumococcal disease using data from the national laboratory-based surveillance, adjusted for specimen-taking practices. We estimated non-bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia case numbers using vaccine probe study data. To estimate pneumococcal deaths, we applied observed case fatality ratios to estimated case numbers. Estimates were stratified by HIV status to account for the impact of PCV and HIV-related interventions. We assessed how different assumptions affected estimates using a sensitivity analysis. Bootstrapping created confidence intervals.ResultsIn the pre-vaccine era, a total of approximately 107,600 (95% confidence interval [CI] 83,000–140,000) cases of severe hospitalised pneumococcal disease were estimated to have occurred annually. Following PCV introduction and the improvement in HIV interventions, 41,800 (95% CI 28,000–50,000) severe pneumococcal disease cases were estimated in 2012–2013, a rate reduction of 1,277 cases per 100,000 child-years. Approximately 5000 (95% CI 3000–6000) pneumococcal-related annual deaths were estimated in the pre-vaccine period and 1,900 (95% CI 1000–2500) in 2012–2013, a mortality rate difference of 61 per 100,000 child-years.ConclusionsWhile a large number of hospitalisations and deaths due to pneumococcal disease still occur among children 0–59 months in South Africa, we found a large reduction in this estimate that is temporally associated with PCV introduction. In HIV-infected individuals the scale-up of other interventions, such as improvements in HIV care, may have also contributed to the declines in pneumococcal burden.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Yellow Fever Vaccine market size was USD 4528.5 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.50% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1811.40 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.7% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1358.55 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1041.56 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.5% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 226.43 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.9% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 90.57 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% from 2024 to 2031.
The Sylvatic Yellow Fever category is the fastest-growing segment of the Yellow Fever Vaccine industry

Market Dynamics of Yellow Fever Vaccine Market

Key Drivers for Yellow Fever Vaccine Market

Rising Incidence of Yellow Fever to Boost Market Growth

Yellow fever is a potentially fatal viral disease spread by infected mosquitoes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2023, 34 countries in Africa and 13 in Central and South America are either endemic or have endemic regions for yellow fever. Between August 26 and November 29, 2022, 22 additional confirmed cases were reported across ten countries. However, after a retrospective review, only seven new confirmed cases and one death were identified. Since 2021, in the WHO African Region, a total of 203 confirmed cases and 252 probable cases of yellow fever have been reported, with 40 deaths, resulting in a case fatality rate (CFR) of 9%. Among the confirmed cases, 23 deaths were recorded, reflecting a CFR of 11%. The high CFR among confirmed cases remained consistent, with 17 deaths (11%) in 2021 and six deaths (12%) in 2022. This increasing disease burden is driving significant demand for yellow fever vaccines, especially in endemic areas. Recent severe outbreaks in Brazil, Angola, and the Democratic Republic of Congo have intensified global awareness and the need for preventive measures, further stimulating the vaccine market.

Expansion of Vaccination Programs to Drive Market Growth

In 2017, the WHO, in collaboration with UNICEF and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, launched the EYE Strategy to protect at-risk populations in 40 countries across Africa and the Americas through mass vaccination campaigns and by ensuring a sustainable vaccine supply. Since the start of the current outbreak (2021 to December 7, 2022), a total of 4,385,320 people have been vaccinated in five countries—Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Ghana, and Kenya—through the ICG-supported response. A reactive campaign in Kembe Satema, Central African Republic, from November 2 to 19, 2022, achieved 101.7% coverage, while a campaign in Bambari, which ended on November 23, 2022, reached 87.7% coverage based on preliminary results. These efforts have accelerated vaccine deployment and expanded immunization programs, providing growth opportunities for vaccine manufacturers. Additionally, many countries in yellow fever-endemic regions have incorporated the vaccine into their national immunization schedules, ensuring steady demand. In several African and South American nations, yellow fever vaccination is mandatory for children, further boosting the market.

Restraint Factor for the Yellow Fever Vaccine Market

Vaccine Supply Shortages and High-Cost Will Limit Market Growth

Yellow fever vaccine production is concentrated among a limited number of manufacturers, leading to supply bottlenecks. This has caused periodic shortages, especially during large-scale outbreaks when demand surges. The production of the live-attenuated vaccine is complex, relying on chicken embryos for cultivation, which limits the ability to rapidly scale up production. In sudden outbreaks, vaccine demand often exceeds supply. The global stockpile maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO) is sometimes insufficient to me...

IntroductionGenerally, individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB) develop greater immunogenicity to various vaccines than individuals assigned male at birth (AMAB). Little is known about sex-disaggregated immunogenicity to HIV-1 vaccines. We disaggregated immune responses to an experimental HIV vaccine regimen.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from HVTN 100, a clinical trial conducted in South Africa during which 143 adults AMAB and 109 AFAB aged 18–40 years without HIV received ALVAC-HIV vCP2438 plus bivalent subtype C gp120/MF59 or placebo at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Eligible data were from per-protocol vaccine recipients at month 6.5. We measured IgG binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and CD4+ IFNγ and/or II-2 responses. We compared sex-based differences in response rates using Barnard’s test and response magnitudes using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. P-values were Holm-adjusted for multiple comparisons.ResultsOf 185 vaccine recipients, 73 were AFAB and 112 were AMAB. Vaccine recipients AFAB had greater ADCC response rate (57.5% versus 29.5%; padj = 0.0003) and greater ADCC magnitude (area under the net % granzyme B activity vs log10 curve (AUC), 16.1 versus 11.2; padj = 0.05) to vaccine-matched antigen TV1.C gp120 compared to AMAB. Vaccine recipients AMAB had higher CD4+ T cell response rates to 2/3 vaccine-matched antigens at month 6.5 (ZM96.C gp120, [54.1% versus 36.8%; padj = 0.04]; 1086.C gp120, [44.1% versus 29.4%; padj = 0.05]) than AFAB. CD4+ T cell response magnitudes were similar by sex. IgG binding antibody response rate to B.CaseA V1V2 antigen (associated with reduced HIV acquisition risk in the RV144 trial) was 56.8% among AMAB vaccine recipients versus 38.9% among AFAB (padj = 0.08). There were no sex-based differences in neutralizing antibody or ADCP responses.DiscussionWe identified sex-based differences in immune responses to an HIV vaccine regimen, but they varied by immunologic assay. While vaccine recipients AFAB demonstrated higher ADCC responses, AMAB exhibited higher CD4+ T cell response rates. Future analyses should investigate whether vaccine factors such as platform, dosing and adjuvants contribute to sex-based differences in immunogenicity of experimental HIV vaccines.

Background: Rabies is a serious yet neglected public health threat in resource-limited communities in Africa, where the virus is maintained in populations of owned, free-roaming domestic dogs. Rabies elimination can be achieved through the mass vaccination of dogs, but maintaining the critical threshold of vaccination coverage for herd immunity in these populations is hampered by their rapid turnover. Knowledge of the population dynamics of free-roaming dog populations can inform effective planning and implementation of mass dog vaccination campaigns to control rabies. Methodology/Principal Findings: We implemented a health and demographic surveillance system in dogs that monitored the entire owned dog population within a defined geographic area in a community in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. We quantified demographic rates over a 24-month period, from 1st January 2012 through 1st January 2014, and assessed their implications for rabies control by simulating the decline in vaccination coverage over time. During this period, the population declined by 10%. Annual population growth rates were +18.6% in 2012 and -24.5% in 2013. Crude annual birth rates (per 1,000 dog-years of observation) were 451 in 2012 and 313 in 2013. Crude annual death rates were 406 in 2012 and 568 in 2013. Females suffered a significantly higher mortality rate in 2013 than males (mortality rate ratio [MRR] = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.28-1.85). In the age class 0-3 months, the mortality rate of dogs vaccinated against rabies was significantly lower than that of unvaccinated dogs (2012: MRR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.05-0.21; 2013: MRR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11-0.69). The results of the simulation showed that achieving a 70% vaccination coverage during annual campaigns would maintain coverage above the critical threshold for at least 12 months. Conclusions and Significance: Our findings provide an evidence base for the World Health Organization's empirically-derived target of 70% vaccination coverage during annual campaigns. Achieving this will be effective even in highly dynamic populations with extremely high growth rates and rapid turnover. This increases confidence in the feasibility of dog rabies elimination in Africa through mass vaccination.

In June 2022, the highest level of support for the use of COVID vaccine mandates for international travel was reported among people surveyed in India at **** percent. On the other hand, the lowest level of support for the use of such a mandate was reported in South Africa at **** percent. This statistic illustrates the level of support for using COVID vaccine mandate for international travel in 2022, by country.

This study quantifies the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on hospitalization for COVID-19 infection in a South African private health insurance population. This retrospective cohort study is based on the analysis of demographic and claims records for 550,332 individuals belonging to two health insurance funds between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2022. A Cox Proportional Hazards model was used to estimate the impact of vaccination (non-vaccinated, partly vaccinated, fully vaccinated) on COVID-19 hospitalization risk; and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to estimate the impact of vaccination on hospital utilization and hospital expenditure for COVID-19 infection, with adjustments for age, sex, comorbidities and province of residence. In comparison to the non-vaccinated, the hospitalization rate for COVID-19 was 94.51% (aHR 0.06, 95%CI 0.06, 0.07) and 93.49% (aHR 0.07, 95%CI 0.06, 0.07) lower for the partly and fully vaccinated respectively; hospital utilization was 17.70% (95% CI 24.78%, 9.95%) and 20.04% (95% CI 28.26%, 10.88%) lower; the relative risk of zero hospital days was 4.34 (95% CI 4.02, 4.68) and 18.55 (95% CI 17.12, 20.11) higher; hospital expenditure was 32.83% (95% CI 41.06%, 23.44%) and 55.29% (95% CI 61.13%, 48.57%) lower; and the relative risk of zero hospital expenditure was 4.38 (95% CI 4.06, 4.73) and 18.61 (95% CI 17.18, 20.16) higher for the partly and fully vaccinated respectively. Taken together, findings indicate that all measures of hospitalization for COVID-19 infection were significantly lower in the partly or fully vaccinated in comparison to the non-vaccinated. The use of real-world data and an aggregated level of analysis resulted in the study having several limitations. While the overall results may not be generalizable to other populations, the findings add to the evidence based on the impact of COVID-19 vaccination during the period of the pandemic.

Based on a comparison of coronavirus deaths in 210 countries relative to their population, Peru had the most losses to COVID-19 up until July 13, 2022. As of the same date, the virus had infected over 557.8 million people worldwide, and the number of deaths had totaled more than 6.3 million. Note, however, that COVID-19 test rates can vary per country. Additionally, big differences show up between countries when combining the number of deaths against confirmed COVID-19 cases. The source seemingly does not differentiate between "the Wuhan strain" (2019-nCOV) of COVID-19, "the Kent mutation" (B.1.1.7) that appeared in the UK in late 2020, the 2021 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from India or the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) from South Africa.

The difficulties of death figures

This table aims to provide a complete picture on the topic, but it very much relies on data that has become more difficult to compare. As the coronavirus pandemic developed across the world, countries already used different methods to count fatalities, and they sometimes changed them during the course of the pandemic. On April 16, for example, the Chinese city of Wuhan added a 50 percent increase in their death figures to account for community deaths. These deaths occurred outside of hospitals and went unaccounted for so far. The state of New York did something similar two days before, revising their figures with 3,700 new deaths as they started to include “assumed” coronavirus victims. The United Kingdom started counting deaths in care homes and private households on April 29, adjusting their number with about 5,000 new deaths (which were corrected lowered again by the same amount on August 18). This makes an already difficult comparison even more difficult. Belgium, for example, counts suspected coronavirus deaths in their figures, whereas other countries have not done that (yet). This means two things. First, it could have a big impact on both current as well as future figures. On April 16 already, UK health experts stated that if their numbers were corrected for community deaths like in Wuhan, the UK number would change from 205 to “above 300”. This is exactly what happened two weeks later. Second, it is difficult to pinpoint exactly which countries already have “revised” numbers (like Belgium, Wuhan or New York) and which ones do not. One work-around could be to look at (freely accessible) timelines that track the reported daily increase of deaths in certain countries. Several of these are available on our platform, such as for Belgium, Italy and Sweden. A sudden large increase might be an indicator that the domestic sources changed their methodology.

Where are these numbers coming from?

The numbers shown here were collected by Johns Hopkins University, a source that manually checks the data with domestic health authorities. For the majority of countries, this is from national authorities. In some cases, like China, the United States, Canada or Australia, city reports or other various state authorities were consulted. In this statistic, these separately reported numbers were put together. For more information or other freely accessible content, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

As of May 2, 2023, there were roughly 687 million global cases of COVID-19. Around 660 million people had recovered from the disease, while there had been almost 6.87 million deaths. The United States, India, and Brazil have been among the countries hardest hit by the pandemic.

The various types of human coronavirus The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the seventh known coronavirus to infect humans. Its emergence makes it the third in recent years to cause widespread infectious disease following the viruses responsible for SARS and MERS. A continual problem is that viruses naturally mutate as they attempt to survive. Notable new variants of SARS-CoV-2 were first identified in the UK, South Africa, and Brazil. Variants are of particular interest because they are associated with increased transmission.

Vaccination campaigns Common human coronaviruses typically cause mild symptoms such as a cough or a cold, but the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to more severe respiratory illnesses and deaths worldwide. Several COVID-19 vaccines have now been approved and are being used around the world.

In terms of revenue, Hospitals & clinics was the leading Application with 60.12% share of total Human Rotavirus Vaccine market in 2021

North America was the dominated region with 43.22% of total revenue market share in 2021.

Market Size:

2021: USD 9.37 Bn 2029: USD 20.66 Bn CAGR (2022-2029): 10.39% Increasing incidences of rotavirus infections and diarrheal diseases is a factor expected to drive the growth of the human rotavirus vaccine market over the forecast period. Rotavirus infections are the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children across the world which in turn drive the market growth. For example, globally, in 2019, it is estimated that every year rotavirus infection causes a number of diarrheal deaths accounting for 19.11% of deaths from diarrhea. In the past few years, rotavirus caused a higher death burden in African, Oceanian, and South Asian countries. In addition, the growth of the human rotavirus vaccine market is driven by the rising awareness about sanitization, and medical care as well as advances in treatment procedures. For example, rotaviruses alone are responsible for nearly 25 to 50% of all severe diarrhoeal cases across the world of which over 90% occur in Africa and Asia. This, in turn, people are significantly shifting towards maintaining personal hygiene through treatment procedures. However, rotavirus vaccines may be associated with side effects and induce a very small increased risk of a rare condition called intussusception that may hamper the growth of the global market in the near future. On the other hand, the introduction of the human rotavirus vaccine immunization programs as well as continued monitoring of circulating rotavirus strains will create new avenues for the human rotavirus vaccine market during the forecast period.

The rotavirus vaccine is an oral vaccine to give protection against type A rotavirus infections that cause vomiting and severe diarrhea in infants and children. The vaccine is around 83% effective at protecting against severe rotavirus infection in the first two years of life. The rotavirus vaccine has significantly reduced the incidence of hospitalization and severe gastroenteritis in childhood. The rotavirus vaccine is administered by putting some drops in the child’s mouth. The rotavirus vaccine has some side effects that are rare and may include fussiness, fever, and diarrhea.

Among the citizens who visited a public health facility, ** percent of the Basotho (people from Lesotho) indicated that access to medical care was easy or very easy. On the other hand, more than half of the Angolans claimed that it was difficult or very difficult to obtain the health care they needed. Moreover, roughly *** in every three people in Mozambique said that they found it challenging to receive care, while Batswana reported **** percentage points higher.

Over 12 million people in the United States died from all causes between the beginning of January 2020 and August 21, 2023. Over 1.1 million of those deaths were with confirmed or presumed COVID-19.

Vaccine rollout in the United States Finding a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine was an urgent health priority since the very start of the pandemic. In the United States, the first two vaccines were authorized and recommended for use in December 2020. One has been developed by Massachusetts-based biotech company Moderna, and the number of Moderna COVID-19 vaccines administered in the U.S. was over 250 million. Moderna has also said that its vaccine is effective against the coronavirus variants first identified in the UK and South Africa.

This analysis was adjusted for age category, sex, known comorbidities and subdistrict of residence.