The largest share of Russians aged between 25 and 64 years old possessed a master's degree or an equivalent qualification in 2018, exceeding 28 percent. Furthermore, one quarter of the population in that age group attained short-cycle tertiary education; that is, finished a technical vocational school or similar.

The number of students pursuing a bachelor's degree in Russia reached approximately 2.9 million in the academic year 2023/24, having slightly increased from the previous year. The specialist's student count gradually increased in recent years. Master's degree programs have gained popularity among Russians between the academic years 2014/15 and 2018/19 and since 2021/22.

Over 4.1 million students were enrolled in Russian higher education institutions in 2022. The number of students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in the country has decreased since 2010, when it exceeded seven million.

Leading Russian universities

In 2023, the Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) ranked first in the list of top universities in Russia, according to the QS World University Rankings, which placed it 75th worldwide. The Bauman Moscow State Technical University ranked first by faculty-to-student ratio in the country. The third place in the domestic ranking was occupied by the Novosibirsk State University (NSU), an educational and scientific center of Siberia. The university ranked 260th in the world and received high scores for its faculty-student and international student ratios.

Job search after the university in Russia

In 2022, roughly seven in ten Russians who graduated from the university in the three previous years were employed in a field related to their studies. Furthermore, approximately one half of graduates from top 30 universities in Russia were willing to move abroad for better job opportunities in 2020. Around 40 percent of Russian Generation Z representatives felt anxious or stressed thinking about their job and career prospects.

Around 287,800 female students and 241,200 male students aged 19 years were enrolled in bachelor's, specialist's, and master's programs at Russian higher education institutions in the academic year 2023/24. Most people in Russia finished school at the age of 17 or 18 years. Women outnumbered male higher education students in age categories up to 22 years.

UIS: Percentage of population age 25+ with at least a completed short-cycle tertiary degree (ISCED 5 or higher). Male in Russia was reported at 57.89 % in 2010, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Percentage of population age 25+ with at least a completed short-cycle tertiary degree (ISCED 5 or higher). Male - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

More than one in five employees having an incomplete higher education or holding a university degree in Russia were transferred to the remote work mode fully or partially as of May 2022, which was the highest share among other education levels. To compare, only eight percent of those having an incomplete secondary education worked exclusively remotely.

Among graduates of bachelor's, master's and specialist's programs at higher education institutions in Russia, 485,000 were enrolled in full-time programs in 2023. To compare, the number of part-time study graduates reached around 271,000.

Over 34,000 students from African countries studied in Russian higher education institutions at the beginning of the academic year 2022/23. Over the observed time period, the number of students from the continent increased in Russia, with most of them coming from Morocco.

Over 60 percent of Russians believed that the relevance of a university diploma was often overestimated and that it was not mandatory for achieving a successful career, according to a survey from 2020. At the same time, 57 percent agreed with the statement that having a higher education helped achieve life goals.

Russia Cooling Degree Days data was reported at 164.160 Degrees Celsius in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 137.450 Degrees Celsius for 2019. Russia Cooling Degree Days data is updated yearly, averaging 126.900 Degrees Celsius from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2020, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 227.280 Degrees Celsius in 2010 and a record low of 71.310 Degrees Celsius in 1978. Russia Cooling Degree Days data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Climate Risk. A cooling degree day (CDD) is a measurement designed to track energy use. It is the number of degrees that a day's average temperature is above 18°C (65°F). Daily degree days are accumulated to obtain annual values.;World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal. https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org;;

Over 63 percent of master's students in Russia received government-funded scholarships for their academic performance in the academic year 2020/2021. The second-largest share of stipend recipients was recorded among bachelor's students at 42 percent.

Abstract

The purpose of the labor force survey is to obtain information on the size and composition of the labor force (employed and unemployed), the level of participation in the labor force, the level of employment and unemployment and their dynamics in Russia and the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Geographic coverage

The survey is conducted in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the basis of a sample method of observation with the subsequent distribution of the results to the entire population of the subject age.

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Universe

The selection units are private households; units of observation - persons aged 15 to 72 years - members of these households. The minimum age limit of the surveyed population (15 years) is determined taking into account UN methodological principles and recommendations for population and housing censuses, the maximum limit (72 years) is based on the availability of labor force among older people. Persons living in boarding schools, boarding schools for the elderly and other institutional institutions, dormitories, monasteries and other collective living quarters are not examined.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample for conducting a labor force survey is based on the primary information array of the All-Russian Population Census, containing information on the permanent population, i.e. population permanently residing in the territory of the corresponding district, city, settlement. The construction of a sample network of households for conducting labor force surveys is carried out in accordance with the adopted two-stage sampling model. At the first stage, a selective array of primary selective units is formed.

The counting section of the population census was adopted as the primary sample unit. At the second stage, households are selected in the enumeration areas selected at the first stage, where information is collected on persons in the surveyed age. A standard systematic selection procedure is applied to household sampling, in which the start of selection is determined randomly. Systematic selection of households is carried out from an ordered list of households, taking into account their stratification in two ways: the size of the household and the type of dwelling.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

The formation of aggregated data, distributed to the general population, is carried out using the microdata base for the primary and derived survey characteristics and individual weights of the examined people. The size of the monthly sample provides representative results within a given degree of accuracy in the whole of the Russian Federation for specified development cuts. For the subjects of the Russian Federation, in order to increase the representativeness of the data, survey indicators are generated from a set of three consecutive samples (data generated on the basis of one monthly sample contain a large sampling error, therefore they are not formed). The most accurate are average annual data. Processing of survey data is carried out for statistical purposes, subject to the mandatory depersonalization of personal data received from each interviewee.

This project investigated the developments of nation-building, nationalism and notions of the other's in today's Russia. The nation-building program designed by Yeltsin for post-Soviet Russia is under strain. Central to this program is the concept of the ‘Rossiiskii’ nation, signaling a non-ethnic nation model with significant cultural and political rights to non-Russians, but held together with a high degree of common values and traditions. Today, the loss of the large, multiethnic Soviet state is accepted by an increasing number of Russians, but in the process also the civic understanding of the nation is being jettisoned, and Russian nationalism, for the first time in it history, seems to be turning towards a focus on ethnicity: ‘Russian’ is increasingly being understood as ‘ethnic Russian’ (‘Russkii’).

Ethnocentric and xenophobic sentiments were prominent in the anti-Putinist rallies that attracted large crowds in winter 2011/2012. Especially notable were slogans against culturally alien migrant laborers from Central Asia and North Caucasus – the ‘new Other’.

This project examined the nationality question in Russian discourse and aims to determine to what extent the Russian national identity is shifting from an imperial (and implicitly multiethnic) understanding of the nation, towards an ethnic and exclusive one. We also looked at the potential consequences this shift might have for Russian politics.

Key issues In order to document and analyze the new preconditions for nation-building in Russia, four key issues will be taken up for separate scrutiny; - Changes in political signals as well as the state’s actual policies - The nationality issue in the opposition and political fringe groups - Role of the media - Changes in the public mood

Data is licensed under Open Data Commons Attribution License v1.0

Abstract

Well-functioning financial systems serve a vital purpose, offering savings, credit, payment, and risk management products to people with a wide range of needs. Yet until now little had been known about the global reach of the financial sector - the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and youth are excluded from formal financial systems. Systematic indicators of the use of different financial services had been lacking for most economies.

The Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database provides such indicators. This database contains the first round of Global Findex indicators, measuring how adults in more than 140 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. The data set can be used to track the effects of financial inclusion policies globally and develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how people around the world manage their day-to-day finances. By making it possible to identify segments of the population excluded from the formal financial sector, the data can help policy makers prioritize reforms and design new policies.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage.

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above. The sample is nationally representative.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Global Findex indicators are drawn from survey data collected by Gallup, Inc. over the 2011 calendar year, covering more than 150,000 adults in 148 economies and representing about 97 percent of the world's population. Since 2005, Gallup has surveyed adults annually around the world, using a uniform methodology and randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The second round of Global Findex indicators was collected in 2014 and is forthcoming in 2015. The set of indicators will be collected again in 2017.

Surveys were conducted face-to-face in economies where landline telephone penetration is less than 80 percent, or where face-to-face interviewing is customary. The first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units, consisting of clusters of households. The primary sampling units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households by means of the Kish grid.

Surveys were conducted by telephone in economies where landline telephone penetration is over 80 percent. The telephone surveys were conducted using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In selected countries where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random respondent selection is achieved by using either the latest birthday or Kish grid method. At least three attempts are made to teach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of year.

The sample size in the majority of economies was 1,000 individuals.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup, Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in over 20 countries using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in 142 languages upon request.

Questions on insurance, mobile payments, and loan purposes were asked only in developing economies. The indicators on awareness and use of microfinance insitutions (MFIs) are not included in the public dataset. However, adults who report saving at an MFI are considered to have an account; this is reflected in the composite account indicator.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country- and indicator-specific standard errors, refer to the Annex and Country Table in Demirguc-Kunt, Asli and L. Klapper. 2012. "Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex." Policy Research Working Paper 6025, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Inflation Rate in Russia increased to 10.10 percent in February from 9.90 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides - Russia Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Abstract

Financial inclusion is critical in reducing poverty and achieving inclusive economic growth. When people can participate in the financial system, they are better able to start and expand businesses, invest in their children’s education, and absorb financial shocks. Yet prior to 2011, little was known about the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and rural residents were excluded from formal financial systems.

By collecting detailed indicators about how adults around the world manage their day-to-day finances, the Global Findex allows policy makers, researchers, businesses, and development practitioners to track how the use of financial services has changed over time. The database can also be used to identify gaps in access to the formal financial system and design policies to expand financial inclusion.

Geographic coverage

Sample excludes remote or difficult-to-access areas in the Far North, North Caucasus, and Far East (Nenets autonomous region, Yamalo-Nenetsautonomous region, Chukotsk region) as well as other remote or difficult-to-access districts. The excluded areas represent about 20% of the population.

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above.

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

The indicators in the 2017 Global Findex database are drawn from survey data covering almost 150,000 people in 144 economies-representing more than 97 percent of the world's population (see Table A.1 of the Global Findex Database 2017 Report for a list of the economies included). The survey was carried out over the 2017 calendar year by Gallup, Inc., as part of its Gallup World Poll, which since 2005 has annually conducted surveys of approximately 1,000 people in each of more than 160 economies and in over 150 languages, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The target population is the entire civilian, noninstitutionalized population age 15 and above. Interview procedure Surveys are conducted face to face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where this is the customary methodology. In most economies the fieldwork is completed in two to four weeks.

In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used.

Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed and the handheld survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In economies where telephone interviewing is employed, random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers is used. In most economies where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

The sample size was 2000.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in multiple countries, using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in more than 140 languages upon request.

Questions on cash on delivery, saving using an informal savings club or person outside the family, domestic remittances, and agricultural payments are only asked in developing economies and few other selected countries. The question on mobile money accounts was only asked in economies that were part of the Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) database of the GSMA at the time the interviews were being held.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, and Jake Hess. 2018. The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. Washington, DC: World Bank

Expected, observed and excess deaths (expressed in absolute and percentage terms), highest and lowest five regions of the Russian Federation with greater than 3,000 predicted deaths per year, 2020, urban and rural areas.

Original provider: Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife

Dataset credits: Data provider WA Dept of Fish & Wildlife Waterfowl Originating data center Satellite Tracking and Analysis Tool (STAT)

Abstract: The Northern Puget Sound (NPS) wintering population of lesser snow geese occurs in the Skagit and Fraser Deltas along the western border between the United States and Canada. This population of snow geese have traditionally used very discrete estuary and agricultural habitats associated with Skagit and Port Susan Bays.

The breeding grounds of this population are on Wrangel Island, Russia. Because Wrangel Island snow geese represent the last major snow goose population breeding in Asia, and the primary Russian goose population that winters in North America, it is a high priority for the Pacific Flyway and the subject of long standing international cooperative management and conservation. Data collected since the early 1970s on Wrangel Island indicates that the population has grown in abundance, become younger, and changed its behavior relative to traditional habitat and resources. These population changes have become more apparent since the early 1990s and appear to be in response to warmer spring conditions, earlier snowmelt, and changes in the predator community on Wrangel Island. Some of these changes are also evident in the NPS wintering population where the total overwintering population size has increased.

The objectives of this project are to examine the current relationship of the NPS population to other Pacific flyway use areas. This will include documentation of migration routes, phenology, staging areas, and stopover locations throughout the flyway. Particular questions that we hope to answer include:
- When do geese depart and return to NPS during spring and fall migration?
- Where are important flyway use areas during migration?
- When and how long do geese use areas along migration routes?
- Document inter and/or intra-year interchange among NPS and other wintering areas.
- Do some geese that use NPS move to other locations within the flyway during the same winter or among different years?
- If NPS geese are moving to other locations, what is the timing of emigration and potential return to NPS?

The transmitters are programed to transmit for three years.

Acknowledgments:
WDFW Biologist Roozen and Technicians Anderson, Deyo, and Otto were instrumental in the successful snow goose captures - without their untiring efforts and perseverance through poor weather conditions, deployment of the full sample of transmitters would not have been possible. We are especially grateful to Dr. Scott Ford of Avian Specialty Veterinary Services for his expertise and exceptional work with the transmitter implant procedures, and to WDFW Technician Deyo and Vet-Tech Yana Podobedova who assisted Dr. Ford with many of the procedures. We are also indebted to WDFW Waterfowl Section Manager Kraege for his support for this project; it is because of his efforts that project was able to take flight. We are grateful to the WDFW staff at the Skagit Wildlife Area for their continued support during our capture efforts. We would like to thank M. Axelson for caring for one of the geese that was unable to fly immediately after the capture - this goose quickly recovered and was able to take flight. Vasiliy Baranyuk provided flock sighting information which assisted us in determining where to focus capture efforts. We are also extremely grateful to the many landowners who were gracious in granting access to their lands.

Project PI's-
Joe Evenson - WDFW Waterfowl Survey and Sea Duck Specialist
Chris Danilson - WDFW District Biologist

Supplemental information: Visit STAT's project page for additional information.

This dataset is a summarized representation of the telemetry locations aggregated per species per 1-degree cell.

In 2022, Canada had the highest share of adults with a university degree, at over 60 percent of those between the ages of 25 and 64. India had the smallest share of people with a university degree, at 13 percent of the adult population. University around the world Deciding which university to attend can be a difficult decision for some and in today’s world, people are not left wanting for choice. There are thousands of universities around the world, with the highest number found in India and Indonesia. When picking which school to attend, some look to university rankings, where Harvard University in the United States consistently comes in on top. Moving on up One of the major perks of attending university is that it enables people to move up in the world. Getting a good education is generally seen as a giant step along the path to success and opens up doors for future employment. Future earnings potential can be determined by which university one attends, whether by the prestige of the university or the connections that have been made there. For instance, graduates from the Stanford Graduate School of Business can expect to earn around 250,000 U.S. dollars annually.

In 2020, nearly 44 thousand Russian emigrants held higher education degrees, of whom 116 had a doctorate and 188 were PhD candidates. These emigrants constituted a 10-percent share of over 455 thousand people aged 14 years and above who left Russia in that year.